Reason Justification And Contractualism

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Reason, Justification, and Contractualism

Author : Markus Stepanians
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110733757
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason, Justification, and Contractualism by : Markus Stepanians

Download or read book Reason, Justification, and Contractualism written by Markus Stepanians and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects major original essays developed from lectures given at the award of the Lauener Prize 2016 to T. M. Scanlon for his outstanding oeuvre in Analytical philosophy. In "Contractualism and Justification," Scanlon identifies some difficulties in his theory and explores possible ways to deal with them. In "Improving Scanlon’s Contractualism," D. Parfit recommends revisions and extensions of Scanlon’s theory, while R. Forst suggests in "Justification Fundamentalism" that Scanlon may want to replace reason with justification as his foundational concept. T. Nagel raises fundamental questions concerning "Moral Reality and Moral Progress," and S. Mantel offers in "On How to Explain Rational Motivation" a critical discussion of Scanlon’s cognitivist theory of motivation. Z. Stemplowska does the same for Scanlon’s conception of responsibility in "Substantive Responsibility and the Causal Thesis," and S. Olsaretti suggests in "Equality of Opportunity and Justified Inequalities" an alternative to Scanlon’s arguments against economic inequalities. All contributors receive extensive replies by Scanlon. For anyone interested in Scanlon’s seminal work in moral and political philosophy, the present volume is utterly indispensable.

Reason, Justification, and Contractualism

Author : Markus Stepanians
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110733676
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason, Justification, and Contractualism by : Markus Stepanians

Download or read book Reason, Justification, and Contractualism written by Markus Stepanians and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects major original essays developed from lectures given at the award of the Lauener Prize 2016 to T. M. Scanlon for his outstanding oeuvre in Analytical philosophy. In "Contractualism and Justification," Scanlon identifies some difficulties in his theory and explores possible ways to deal with them. In "Improving Scanlon’s Contractualism," D. Parfit recommends revisions and extensions of Scanlon’s theory, while R. Forst suggests in "Justification Fundamentalism" that Scanlon may want to replace reason with justification as his foundational concept. T. Nagel raises fundamental questions concerning "Moral Reality and Moral Progress," and S. Mantel offers in "On How to Explain Rational Motivation" a critical discussion of Scanlon’s cognitivist theory of motivation. Z. Stemplowska does the same for Scanlon’s conception of responsibility in "Substantive Responsibility and the Causal Thesis," and S. Olsaretti suggests in "Equality of Opportunity and Justified Inequalities" an alternative to Scanlon’s arguments against economic inequalities. All contributors receive extensive replies by Scanlon. For anyone interested in Scanlon’s seminal work in moral and political philosophy, the present volume is utterly indispensable.

What We Owe to Each Other

Author : T. M. Scanlon
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067400423X
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis What We Owe to Each Other by : T. M. Scanlon

Download or read book What We Owe to Each Other written by T. M. Scanlon and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-15 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we judge whether an action is morally right or wrong? If an action is wrong, what reason does that give us not to do it? Why should we give such reasons priority over our other concerns and values? In this book, T. M. Scanlon offers new answers to these questions, as they apply to the central part of morality that concerns what we owe to each other. According to his contractualist view, thinking about right and wrong is thinking about what we do in terms that could be justified to others and that they could not reasonably reject. He shows how the special authority of conclusions about right and wrong arises from the value of being related to others in this way, and he shows how familiar moral ideas such as fairness and responsibility can be understood through their role in this process of mutual justification and criticism. Scanlon bases his contractualism on a broader account of reasons, value, and individual well-being that challenges standard views about these crucial notions. He argues that desires do not provide us with reasons, that states of affairs are not the primary bearers of value, and that well-being is not as important for rational decision-making as it is commonly held to be. Scanlon is a pluralist about both moral and non-moral values. He argues that, taking this plurality of values into account, contractualism allows for most of the variability in moral requirements that relativists have claimed, while still accounting for the full force of our judgments of right and wrong.

Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality

Author : Nicholas Southwood
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199539650
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality by : Nicholas Southwood

Download or read book Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality written by Nicholas Southwood and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-04 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proposes a new model of contractualism based on an interpersonal, deliberative conception of practical reason which answers the twin demands of moral accuracy and explanatory adequacy.

The Right to Justification

Author : Rainer Forst
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231147082
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis The Right to Justification by : Rainer Forst

Download or read book The Right to Justification written by Rainer Forst and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary philosophical pluralism recognizes the inevitability and legitimacy of multiple ethical perspectives and values, making it difficult to isolate the higher-order principles on which to base a theory of justice. Rising up to meet this challenge, Rainer Forst, a leading member of the Frankfurt School's newest generation of philosophers, conceives of an "autonomous" construction of justice founded on what he calls the basic moral right to justification. Forst begins by identifying this right from the perspective of moral philosophy. Then, through an innovative, detailed critical analysis, he ties together the central components of social and political justice--freedom, democracy, equality, and toleration--and joins them to the right to justification. The resulting theory treats "justificatory power" as the central question of justice, and by adopting this approach, Forst argues, we can discursively work out, or "construct," principles of justice, especially with respect to transnational justice and human rights issues. As he builds his theory, Forst engages with the work of Anglo-American philosophers such as John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, and Amartya Sen, and critical theorists such as Jürgen Habermas, Nancy Fraser, and Axel Honneth. Straddling multiple subjects, from politics and law to social protest and philosophical conceptions of practical reason, Forst brilliantly gathers contesting claims around a single, elastic theory of justice.

How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law

Author : Kenneth R. Westphal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191064122
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law by : Kenneth R. Westphal

Download or read book How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law written by Kenneth R. Westphal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kenneth R. Westphal presents an original interpretation of Hume's and Kant's moral philosophies, the differences between which are prominent in current philosophical accounts. Westphal argues that focussing on these differences, however, occludes a decisive, shared achievement: a distinctive constructivist method to identify basic moral principles and to justify their strict objectivity, without invoking moral realism nor moral anti-realism or irrealism. Their constructivism is based on Hume's key insight that 'though the laws of justice are artificial, they are not arbitrary'. Arbitrariness in basic moral principles is avoided by starting with fundamental problems of social coördination which concern outward behaviour and physiological needs; basic principles of justice are artificial because solving those problems does not require appeal to moral realism (nor to moral anti-realism). Instead, moral cognitivism is preserved by identifying sufficient justifying reasons, which can be addressed to all parties, for the minimum sufficient legitimate principles and institutions required to provide and protect basic forms of social coördination (including verbal behaviour). Hume first develops this kind of constructivism for basic property rights and for government. Kant greatly refines Hume's construction of justice within his 'metaphysical principles of justice', whilst preserving the core model of Hume's innovative constructivism. Hume's and Kant's constructivism avoids the conventionalist and relativist tendencies latent if not explicit in contemporary forms of moral constructivism.

The Difficulty of Tolerance

Author : Thomas Scanlon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521533980
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (339 download)

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Book Synopsis The Difficulty of Tolerance by : Thomas Scanlon

Download or read book The Difficulty of Tolerance written by Thomas Scanlon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays in political philosophy by T. M. Scanlon, written between 1969 and 1999, examine the standards by which social and political institutions should be justified and appraised. Scanlon explains how the powers of just institutions are limited by rights such as freedom of expression, and considers why these limits should be respected even when it seems that better results could be achieved by violating them. Other topics which are explored include voluntariness and consent, freedom of expression, tolerance, punishment, and human rights. The collection includes the classic essays 'Preference and Urgency', 'A Theory of Freedom of Expression', and 'Contractualism and Utilitarianism', as well as a number of other essays that have hitherto not been easily accessible. It will be essential reading for all those studying these topics from the perspective of political philosophy, politics, and law.

The Original Position

Author : Timothy Hinton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107044480
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Original Position by : Timothy Hinton

Download or read book The Original Position written by Timothy Hinton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores and analyses the continued relevance and ramifications of the original position, the central idea of John Rawls's political philosophy.

Critical Essays on "Causation and Responsibility"

Author : Benedikt Kahmen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110302292
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Essays on "Causation and Responsibility" by : Benedikt Kahmen

Download or read book Critical Essays on "Causation and Responsibility" written by Benedikt Kahmen and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its scope and depth, Moore’s Causation and Responsibility is probably the most important publication in the philosophy of law since the publication of Hart’s and Honoré’s Causation in the Law in 1959. This volume offers, for the first time, a detailed exchange between legal and philosophical scholars over Moore’s most recent work. In particular, it pioneers the dialogue between English-speaking and German philosophy of law on a broad range of pressing foundational questions concerning causation in the law. It thereby fulfills the need for a comprehensive, international and critical discussion of Moore’s influential arguments. The 15 contributors to the proposed volume span the whole interdisciplinary field from law and morals to metaphysics, and the authors include distinguished criminal and tort lawyers, as well as prominent theoretical and practical philosophers from four nations. In addition, young researchers take brand-new approaches in the field. The collection is essential reading for anyone interested in legal and moral theory.

The Animals Issue

Author : Peter Carruthers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521436892
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis The Animals Issue by : Peter Carruthers

Download or read book The Animals Issue written by Peter Carruthers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-09-24 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Carruthers explores a variety of moral theories, arguing that animals lack direct moral significance.

Why Does Inequality Matter?

Author : Thomas Scanlon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198812698
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Does Inequality Matter? by : Thomas Scanlon

Download or read book Why Does Inequality Matter? written by Thomas Scanlon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality is widely regarded as morally objectionable: T. M. Scanlon investigates why it matters to us. He considers the nature and importance of equality of opportunity, whether the pursuit of greater equality involves objectionable interference with individual liberty, and whether the rich can be said to deserve their greater rewards.

Public and Private Morality

Author : Stuart Hampshire
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521293525
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Public and Private Morality by : Stuart Hampshire

Download or read book Public and Private Morality written by Stuart Hampshire and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1978-10-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of essays by well-known British and American philosophers on the moral principles by which public policies and political decisions should be judged: does effective political action necessarily involve and justify actions which the individual would regard as unacceptable in "private" morality?

On What Matters

Author : Derek Parfit
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191084379
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis On What Matters by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book On What Matters written by Derek Parfit and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-09 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derek Parfit presents the third volume of On What Matters, his landmark work of moral philosophy. Parfit develops further his influential treatment of reasons, normativity, the meaning of moral discourse, and the status of morality. He engages with his critics, and shows the way to resolution of their differences. This volume is partly about what it is for things to matter, in the sense that we all have reasons to care about these things. Much of the book discusses three of the main kinds of meta-ethical theory: Normative Naturalism, Quasi-Realist Expressivism, and Non-Metaphysical Non-Naturalism, which Derek Parfit now calls Non-Realist Cognitivism. This third theory claims that, if we use the word 'reality' in an ontologically weighty sense, irreducibly normative truths have no mysterious or incredible ontological implications. If instead we use 'reality' in a wide sense, according to which all truths are truths about reality, this theory claims that some non-empirically discoverable truths-such as logical, mathematical, modal, and some normative truths-raise no difficult ontological questions. Parfit discusses these theories partly by commenting on the views of some of the contributors to Peter Singer's collection Does Anything Really Matter? Parfit on Objectivity. Though Peter Railton is a Naturalist, he has widened his view by accepting some further claims, and he has suggested that this wider version of Naturalism could be combined with Non-Realist Cognitivism. Parfit argues that Railton is right, since these theories no longer deeply disagree. Though Allan Gibbard is a Quasi-Realist Expressivist, he has suggested that the best version of his view could be combined with Non-Realist Cognitivism. Parfit argues that Gibbard is right, since Gibbard and he now accept the other's main meta-ethical claim. It is rare for three such different philosophical theories to be able to be widened in ways that resolve their deepest disagreements. This happy convergence supports the view that these meta-ethical theories are true. Parfit also discusses the views of several other philosophers, and some other meta-ethical and normative questions.

Contractualism

Author : Jussi Suikkanen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108587119
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Contractualism by : Jussi Suikkanen

Download or read book Contractualism written by Jussi Suikkanen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element begins by describing T.M. Scanlon's contractualism according to which an action is right when it is authorised by the moral principles no one could reasonably reject. This view has argued to have implausible consequences with regards to how different-sized groups, non-human animals, and cognitively limited human beings should be treated. It has also been accused of being theoretically redundant and unable to vindicate the so-called deontic distinctions. I then distinguish between the general contractualist framework and Scanlon's version of contractualism. I explain how the general framework enables us to formulate many other versions of contractualism some of which can already be found in the literature. Understanding contractualism in this new way enables us both to understand the structural similarities and differences between different versions of contractualism and also to see the different objections to contractualism as internal debates about which version of contractualism is correct.

Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy

Author : Bernard Williams
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 113680725X
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy by : Bernard Williams

Download or read book Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy written by Bernard Williams and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy is widely held to be his most important book and is a classic of contemporary philosophy It is assigned on many reading lists on courses on moral philosophy and ethics Ranks alongside Routledge Classics such as Alasdair MacIntyre’s Short History of Ethics and Iris Murdoch’s The Sovereignty of Good. Our edition includes a very useful commentary by Adrian Moore at the end of the book New foreword by Jonathan Lear

Utilitarianism and Beyond

Author : Amartya Sen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521287715
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Utilitarianism and Beyond by : Amartya Sen

Download or read book Utilitarianism and Beyond written by Amartya Sen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1982-06-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilitarianism considered both as a theory of personal morality and a theory of public choice.

Why Be Moral?

Author : Beatrix Himmelmann
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311038633X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Be Moral? by : Beatrix Himmelmann

Download or read book Why Be Moral? written by Beatrix Himmelmann and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What reasons do we have to be moral, and are these reasons more compelling than the reasons we have to pursue non-moral projects? Ever since the Sophists first raised this question, it has been a focal point of debate. Why be Moral? is a collection of new essays on this fundamental philosophical problem, written by an international team of leading scholars in the field.