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Reason And Tradition In Islamic Ethics
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Book Synopsis Reason and Tradition in Islamic Ethics by : George F. Hourani
Download or read book Reason and Tradition in Islamic Ethics written by George F. Hourani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface; Foreword Michael Marmura; Conventions; Titles and locations of the original articles; Introduction; 1. Islamic theology and Muslim philosophy; 2. Ethics in classical Islam: a conspectus; 3. Ethical presuppositions of the Qur'an; 4. 'Injuring oneself' in the Qur'an, in the light of Aristotle; 5. Two theories of value in early Islam; 6. Islamic and non-Islamic origin of Mu'tazilite ethical rationalism; 7. The rationalist ethics of 'Abd al-Jabbar; 8. Deliberation in Aristotle and 'Abd al-Jabbar; 9. Ash'ari; 10. Juwayni's criticisms of Mu'tazilite ethics; 11. Ghazali on the ethics of action; 12. Reason and revaltion in Ibn Hazm's ethicical thought; 13. The basis of authority of concensus in Sunnite Islam; 14. Ibn Sina's 'Essay on the secret of destiny'; 15. Averroes on good and evil; 16. Combinations of reason and tradtion in Islamic ethics; Select bibliography; Index.
Book Synopsis The Story of Reason in Islam by : Sari Nusseibeh
Download or read book The Story of Reason in Islam written by Sari Nusseibeh and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Story of Reason in Islam, leading public intellectual and political activist Sari Nusseibeh narrates a sweeping intellectual history—a quest for knowledge inspired by the Qu'ran and its language, a quest that employed Reason in the service of Faith. Eschewing the conventional separation of Faith and Reason, he takes a fresh look at why and how Islamic reasoning evolved over time. He surveys the different Islamic schools of thought and how they dealt with major philosophical issues, showing that Reason pervaded all disciplines, from philosophy and science to language, poetry, and law. Along the way, the best known Muslim philosophers are introduced in a new light. Countering received chronologies, in this story Reason reaches its zenith in the early seventeenth century; it then trails off, its demise as sudden as its appearance. Thereafter, Reason loses out to passive belief, lifeless logic, and a self-contained legalism—in other words, to a less flexible Islam. Nusseibeh's speculations as to why this occurred focus on the fortunes and misfortunes of classical Arabic in the Islamic world. Change, he suggests, may only come from the revivification of language itself.
Book Synopsis Contemporary Bioethics by : Mohammed Ali Al-Bar
Download or read book Contemporary Bioethics written by Mohammed Ali Al-Bar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects. For each topic, the current medical evidence is followed by a detailed discussion of the ethical issues involved.
Book Synopsis Islamic Ethics by : Abdulaziz Sachedina
Download or read book Islamic Ethics written by Abdulaziz Sachedina and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-06-10 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been two main traditions of writing on ethics in the Islamic tradition, one philosophical and related to the works of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers, represented by thinkers such as Avicenna, and one theological, represented by such figures as the famous theologian al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar. Some later scholars attempted to combine those two traditions. For the most part, however, the views of the jurists have been ignored. Abdulaziz Sachedina here calls attention to this third tradition of ethics, which has its home in legal literature. The problem is that Islamic jurists did not produce a genre of ethical manuals, and their form of ethics, which Sachedina terms juridical ethics, must be derived or extracted from works that ostensibly treat legal rulings and obligations, or scriptural hermeneutics and legal theory. Presenting an outline of the version of Islamic ethics that is embedded in the textual legacy of the Islamic legal tradition, he argues that this juridical ethics is an important, even dominant form of ethics in modern Islam. He notes that this form of ethics has been challenged by modernity and examines the variety of ways in which legal ethical thinkers have reacted. How do Muslim religious leaders come to grips with modern demands of directing their communities to live as modern citizens of nation-states? What kind of moral and spiritual resources are being garnered by their scholars to respond to the new issues in sciences, more immediately in medicine, and constantly changing social relationships? To answer these pressing questions, it is necessary to go beyond the philosophical ethics of virtue and human character and acknowledge the importance of ethics to the formulation in Muslim interpretive jurisprudence of religious and moral decisions that are based on reason and revelation.
Book Synopsis Traditional Islamic Ethics: The Concept of Virtue and its Implications for Contemporary Human Rights by : Irfaan Jaffer
Download or read book Traditional Islamic Ethics: The Concept of Virtue and its Implications for Contemporary Human Rights written by Irfaan Jaffer and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Traditional Islamic Ethics: The Concept of Virtue and its Implications for Human Rights" concentrates on the subject of Islam and modernity and Islam and human rights, a topic that has become popular and relevant with the rise of globalization and the interest in Islamic extremism and human rights. This book distinguishes itself by operating within the framework of the traditional school of thought or ‘Islamic Traditionalism’. In doing so, it draws on Islam’s 1400-year-old spiritual and intellectual tradition and its understanding of ethics and virtue, along with truth, justice, freedom, and equality. This book argues that Islam’s pre-modern approach is indispensable in creating an organic and integral human rights model for Muslims. The first section argues that the current understanding and implementation of international human rights needs to be more flexible and inclusive if it truly aims to be universal in scope; this is because ‘The Universal Declaration’ and its offshoots are still underpinned by secular-liberal principles, and therefore, are at odds with other cultural traditions. To this end, this section critically explores popular human rights histories and contemporary ethical theories that attempt to justify human rights. The second section of this book provides a general overview on the subject of ‘Islam and Human Rights’. After explaining some of the main problems, this section examines various solutions offered by Muslim academics and scholars, focusing on four different types of Muslim responses to modernity and human rights: liberal, progressive, traditional, and fundamentalist. It concludes that there are ‘spaces of convergence’ between modern-liberal ethics and traditional Islamic virtue ethics while maintaining that there are also fundamental differences and that these differences should be welcomed by human rights theorists and advocates. The book’s intended audience is primarily post-graduate students and professional academics in the fields of Human Rights, Ethical Philosophy, and Islamic Studies (modern Islamic thought, Sufism, Islamic theology, Islamic Philosophy, and Traditionalism). It will also appeal to anyone interested in the subject of Islam and modernity in general and Islam and human rights in particular.
Book Synopsis Open to Reason by : Souleymane Bachir Diagne
Download or read book Open to Reason written by Souleymane Bachir Diagne and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does it mean to be a Muslim philosopher, or to philosophize in Islam? In Open to Reason, Souleymane Bachir Diagne traces Muslims’ intellectual and spiritual history of examining and questioning beliefs and arguments to show how Islamic philosophy has always engaged critically with texts and ideas both inside and outside its tradition. Through a rich reading of classical and modern Muslim philosophers, Diagne explains the long history of philosophy in the Islamic world and its relevance to crucial issues of our own time. From classical figures such as Avicenna to the twentieth-century Sufi master and teacher of tolerance Tierno Bokar Salif Tall, Diagne explores how Islamic thinkers have asked and answered such questions as Does religion need philosophy? How can religion coexist with rationalism? What does it mean to interpret a religious narrative philosophically? What does it mean to be human, and what are human beings’ responsibilities to nature? Is there such a thing as an “Islamic” state, or should Muslims reinvent political institutions that suit their own times? Diagne shows that philosophizing in Islam in its many forms throughout the centuries has meant a commitment to forward and open thinking. A remarkable history of philosophy in the Islamic world as well as a work of philosophy in its own right, this book seeks to contribute to the revival of a spirit of pluralism rooted in Muslim intellectual and spiritual traditions.
Book Synopsis Reason Unbound by : Mohammad Azadpur
Download or read book Reason Unbound written by Mohammad Azadpur and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This intriguing work offers a new perspective on Islamic Peripatetic philosophy, critiquing modern receptions of such thought and highlighting the contribution it can make to contemporary Western philosophy. Mohammad Azadpur focuses on the thought of Alfarabi and Avicenna, who, like ancient Greek philosophers and some of their successors, viewed philosophy as a series of spiritual exercises. However, Muslim Peripatetics differed from their Greek counterparts in assigning importance to prophecy. The Islamic philosophical account of the cultivation of the soul to the point of prophecy unfolds new vistas of intellectual and imaginative experience and accords the philosopher an exceptional dignity and freedom. With reference to both Islamic and Western philosophers, Azadpur discusses how Islamic Peripatetic thought can provide an antidote to some of modernity's philosophical problems. A discussion of the development of later Islamic Peripatetic thought is also included.
Book Synopsis Reasoning with God by : Khaled Abou El Fadl
Download or read book Reasoning with God written by Khaled Abou El Fadl and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of recent concern over Shari’ah, such as proposed laws to prohibit it in the United States and conflict over the role it should play in the new Egyptian constitution, many people are confused about the meaning of Shari‘ah in Islam and its role in the world today. In Reasoning with God, renowned Islamic scholar Khaled Abou El Fadl explains not only what Shari‘ah really means, but also the way it can revitalize and reengage contemporary Islam. After a prologue that provides an essential overview of Shari‘ah, Abou El Fadl explores the moral trajectory of Islam in today’s world. Weaving powerful personal stories with broader global examples, he shows the ways that some interpretations of Islam today have undermined its potential in peace and love. Rather than simply outlining challenges, however, the author provides constructive suggestions about how Muslims can reengage the ethical tradition of their faith through Shari‘ah. As the world’s second largest religion, Islam remains an important force on the global stage. Reasoning with God takes readers—both Muslim and non-Muslim—beyond superficial understandings of Shari‘ah to a deeper understanding of its meaning and potential.
Book Synopsis Migration and Islamic Ethics by : Ray Jureidini
Download or read book Migration and Islamic Ethics written by Ray Jureidini and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration and Islamic Ethics, Issues of Residence, Naturalization and Citizenship contains various cases of migration movements in the Muslim world from ethical and legal perspectives to argue that Muslim migration experiences can offer a new paradigm of how the religious and the moral can play a significant role in addressing forced migration and displacement
Book Synopsis Islamic Biomedical Ethics by : Abdulaziz Sachedina
Download or read book Islamic Biomedical Ethics written by Abdulaziz Sachedina and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2009-04-06 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In search of principles of health care in Islam -- Health and suffering -- Beginning of life -- Terminating early life -- Death and dying -- Organ donation and cosmetic enhancement -- Recent developments -- Epilogue.
Book Synopsis Muslim Ethics and Modernity by : Sheila McDonough
Download or read book Muslim Ethics and Modernity written by Sheila McDonough and published by Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. This book was released on 2010-10-30 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of modern Muslim ethics, focussed upon the lives and writings of Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Mawlana Mawdudi, this monograph sheds light upon the modern ethical problems of contemporary Islam. Sayyid Ahmad Khan, often called a liberal, a modernist, or an acculturationist, represents the "liberal" trend of Sunni Muslim ethics. Khan's approach borrows much from reason, yet for Khanreason and revelation are not in conflict. Reason guides the interpretation of Islam when revelation is insufficient. In contrast, Mawlana Mawdudi's fundamentalism is, at least in part, anti-rational; it depends upon revelation (as it comes to one man in particular) and is very autocratic. McDonough is concerned with Khan and Mawdudi, both writers within the Indo-Pakistan Muslim tradition. Their conflicting views, their differing interpretations of ethics that suit Islam in the contemporary world, exemplify the difficulties and turmoil faced by Muslims the world over. For these men, modernity has not spelled the end of Islam; yet each has found a different way of relating Islam to the present and the future in faithfulness to traditional Islam. This monograph will be of interest to students of contemporary Islam, as well as to those interested in questions of comparative ethics, for the liberal/fundamentalist conflicts outlined in this monograph are analogous to manifestations of the same dichotomy in all world religions.
Book Synopsis Gendered Morality by : Zahra M. S. Ayubi
Download or read book Gendered Morality written by Zahra M. S. Ayubi and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islamic scriptural sources offer potentially radical notions of equality. Yet medieval Islamic philosophers chose to establish a hierarchical, male-centered virtue ethics. In Gendered Morality, Zahra Ayubi rethinks the tradition of Islamic philosophical ethics from a feminist critical perspective. She calls for a philosophical turn in the study of gender in Islam based on resources for gender equality that are unlocked by feminist engagement with the Islamic ethical tradition. Developing a lens for a feminist philosophy of Islam, Ayubi analyzes constructions of masculinity, femininity, and gender relations in classic works of philosophical ethics. In close readings of foundational texts by Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali, Nasir-ad Din Tusi, and Jalal ad-Din Davani, she interrogates how these thinkers conceive of the ethical human being as an elite male within a hierarchical cosmology built on the exclusion of women and nonelites. Yet in the course of prescribing ethical behavior, the ethicists speak of complex gendered and human relations that contradict their hierarchies. Their metaphysical premises about the nature of the divine, humanity, and moral responsibility indicate a potential egalitarian core. Gendered Morality offers a vital and disruptive new perspective on patriarchal Islamic ethics and metaphysics, showing the ways in which the philosophical tradition can support the aims of gender justice and human flourishing.
Book Synopsis Coercion and Responsibility in Islam by : Mairaj U. Syed
Download or read book Coercion and Responsibility in Islam written by Mairaj U. Syed and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of how Muslim scholars from four schools of law and theology debate the ethical issues that coercion generates when considering a person's moral agency and responsibility in cases of speech acts, rape, and murder. It proposes a new model for analyzing ethical thought and compares Islamic with Western thought on the same cases.
Author :David R. Vishanoff Publisher :International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) ISBN 13 :1642053465 Total Pages :224 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (42 download)
Book Synopsis Islamic Law and Ethics by : David R. Vishanoff
Download or read book Islamic Law and Ethics written by David R. Vishanoff and published by International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does Islamic law define Islamic ethics? Or is the law a branch of a broader ethical system? Or is it but one of several independent moral discourses, Islamic and otherwise, competing for Muslims’ allegiance? The essays in this book present a range of answers: some take fiqh as the defining framework for ethics, others insert the law into a broader ethical system, and others present it as just one among several parallel Islamic ethical discourses, or show how Islamic ethics might coexist with non-Muslim normative systems. Their answers have far reaching implications for epistemology, for the authority of jurists and lay Muslims, for the practical moral challenges of daily life, and for relationships with non-Muslims. The book presents Muslim ethicists with a strategic contemporary choice: should they pursue a single overarching methodology for judging all ethical questions, or should they relish the rhetorical and political competition of alternative but not necessarily incompatible moral discourses?
Book Synopsis The Second Pillar of Islam by : Leslie Terebessy
Download or read book The Second Pillar of Islam written by Leslie Terebessy and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In traditional Islam, ethics are being replaced by rituals. Why are there no books in Bukhari on justice, reason, freedom, or ethics? Even Shatibi refrained from treating justice as a purpose of Islamic law. The de-emphasis on ethics, in tandem with the enforcement of religiosity is reducing the relevance of Islam. Muslims turn to Islamism and related perspectives because they are unable to find justice in tradition, which is becoming less relevant as a result of disregarding key teachings of the Book of Allah. The failure to treat non-Muslims with justice is palpable in the teaching of jihad al-talab, an extremist rendition of religion without any foundation in revelation. The pushback for unjust efforts to propagate Islam by the sword, based on traditions according to which "the blood of the kafir is halal for the believer," resulted in defeats for the umma, bringing an end to every empire without exception. For building an empire upon a corrupt knowledge of revelation is to build on weak foundations. The repression of reason enabled the misunderstanding of revelation and the treatment of tradition as "revelation." The repression of reason stifled different perspectives, thereby restricting progress. Traditional exegesis and jurisprudence rest on premises. A premise is an assertion that provides a pillar of the analysis. Premises take the form of presuppositions. These presuppositions could be in accord with, indifferent to, or in defiance of a discourse a particular exegesis endeavours to articulate. As a matter of principle, all presuppositions in the exegesis of revelation should be derived from revelation, should be in agreement with it. If for any reason a particular presupposition veers from or defies revelation, the analysis based upon that presupposition becomes flawed and requires being rehabilitated or rejected. This transpired with several presuppositions of traditional exegesis and jurisprudence. They include the perceptions that revelation is flawed because it is "unclear," "incomplete," and "incoherent." These presupposition emerged as a result of the reticence to use reason in acquiring knowledge of revelation. They paved the way for recourse to a flawed exegesis, based on a misunderstanding and even defiance of the teaching of revelation, viz. that revelation is "clear," "complete," and "coherent." Hence the entire edifice of traditional exegesis and jurisprudence requires being re-constructed, this time on the basis of presuppositions that are in agreement with what they seek to "explain," the teaching of revelation. Further tenets also veer from revelation. They encompass the perception that tradition is revelation, that reason is subordinate to tradition, the assumption that isnad matter more than matn in the verification of traditions, the teaching of predestination, the teaching of abrogation, the teaching of jihad al-talab, and the perception that the globe is a battlefield between the dar al-Islam and the dar al-harb. The premises that tradition is revelation, that it judges, abrogates and is able to replace revelation are particularly problematic because they are expressions of scriptural and juristic shirk. Thus, the greatest weakness of traditional exegesis is its adulteration by procedural shirk. The greatest weakness of traditional jurisprudence is its adulteration by juristic shirk. This adulteration renders traditional exegesis and jurisprudence problematic and ill-equipped to provide reliable scriptural and juristic analysis.Traditionists assert that there is no morality without religion. That is a far-fetched proposition, betraying an indifference to reason. For we recognise particular practices as evil from the evil they bring. But the articulation of ethics without reference to revelation requires recourse to causality, the awareness that acts produce effects, good or evil, according to the action taken.
Book Synopsis Ethical Theories in Islam by : Mağīd Fah̲rī
Download or read book Ethical Theories in Islam written by Mağīd Fah̲rī and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a typology of Islamic ethics, without overlooking the chronological development. Four types of ethical theory are isolated: the scriptural, the theological, the philosophical and the religious. This edition contains extra material from Ibn Sina's writings, translated into English. The book should interest Islamic scholars, philosophers and historians of ethics.
Book Synopsis Islamic Ethics of Life by : Jonathan E. Brockopp
Download or read book Islamic Ethics of Life written by Jonathan E. Brockopp and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering work on controversial issues within the Muslim world Islamic Ethics of Life considers three of the most contentious ethical issues of our time--abortion, war, and euthanasia--from the Muslim perspective. Distinguished scholars of Islamic studies have collaborated to produce a volume that both integrates Muslim thinking into the field of applied ethics and introduces readers to an aspect of the religion long overlooked in the West. This collective effort sets forth the relationship between Islamic ethics and law, clearly revealing the complexity and richness of the Islamic tradition as well as its responsiveness to these controversial modern issues. The contributors analyze classical sources and survey the modern ethical landscape to identify guiding principles within Islamic ethical thought. Clarifying the importance of pragmatism in Islamic decision making, the contributors also offer case studies related to specialized topics, including "wrongful birth" claims, terrorist attacks, and brain death. The case studies elicit possible variations on common Muslim perspectives. The contributors situate Muslim ethics relative to Christian and secular accounts of the value of human life, exposing surprising similarities and differences. In an introductory overview of the volume, Jonathan E. Brockopp underscores the steady focus on God as the one who determines the value of human life, and hence as the final arbiter of Islamic ethics. A foreword by Gene Outka places the volume in the context of general ethical studies, and an afterword by A. Kevin Reinhart suggests some significant ramifications for comparative religious ethics.
