Realism And Antirealism In Kants Moral Philosophy

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Realism and Antirealism in Kant's Moral Philosophy

Author : Robinson dos Santos
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110574519
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Realism and Antirealism in Kant's Moral Philosophy by : Robinson dos Santos

Download or read book Realism and Antirealism in Kant's Moral Philosophy written by Robinson dos Santos and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate between moral realism and antirealism plays an important role in contemporary metaethics as well as in the interpretation of Kant’s moral philosophy. This volume aims to clarify whether, and in what sense, Kant is a moral realist, an antirealist, or something in-between. Based on an explication of the key metaethical terms, internationally recognized Kant scholars discuss the question of how Kant’s moral philosophy should be understood in this regard. All camps in the metaethical field have their inhabitants: Some contributors read Kant’s philosophy in terms of a more or less robust moral realism, objectivism, or idealism, and some of them take it to be a version of constructivism, constitutionism, or brute antirealism. In any case, all authors introduce and defend their terminology in a clear manner and argue thoughtfully and refreshingly for their positions. With contributions of Stefano Bacin, Jochen Bojanowski, Christoph Horn, Patrick Kain, Lara Ostaric, Fred Rauscher, Oliver Sensen, Elke Schmidt, Dieter Schönecker, and Melissa Zinkin.

Tracking Truth:Knowledge, Evidence, and Science

Author : Sherrilyn Roush
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199274734
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis Tracking Truth:Knowledge, Evidence, and Science by : Sherrilyn Roush

Download or read book Tracking Truth:Knowledge, Evidence, and Science written by Sherrilyn Roush and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2005-11-10 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracking Truth presents a unified treatment of knowledge, evidence, and epistemological realism and anti-realism about scientific theories. A wide range of knowledge-related phenomena, especially but not only in science, strongly favour the idea of tracking as the key to what makes something knowledge. A subject who tracks the truth - an idea first formulated by Robert Nozick - has the ability to follow the truth through time and changing circumstances. Epistemologistsrightly concluded that Nozick's theory was not viable, but a simple revision of that view is not only viable but superior to other current views. In this new tracking account of knowledge, in contrast to the old view, knowledge has the property of closure under known implication, and troublesome counterfactualsare replaced with well-defined conditional probability statements. Of particular interest are the new view's treatment of skepticism, reflective knowledge, lottery propositions, knowledge of logical truth, and the question why knowledge is power in the Baconian sense.Ideally, evidence indicates a hypothesis and discriminates it from other possible hypotheses. This is the idea behind a tracking view of evidence, and Sherrilyn Roush provides a defence of a confirmation theory based on the Likelihood Ratio. The accounts of knowledge and evidence she offers provide a deep and seamless explanation of why having better evidence makes one more likely to have knowledge. Roush approaches the question of epistemological realism about scientific theories through thequestion what is required for evidence, and rejects both traditional realist and traditional anti-realist positions in favour of a new position which evaluates realist claims in a piecemeal fashion according to a general standard of evidence. The results show that while anti-realists were immodest indeclaring a priori what science could not do, realists were excessively sanguine about how far our actual evidence has so far taken us.

Understanding Moral Obligation

Author : Robert Stern
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139505017
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Moral Obligation by : Robert Stern

Download or read book Understanding Moral Obligation written by Robert Stern and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many histories of modern ethics, Kant is supposed to have ushered in an anti-realist or constructivist turn by holding that unless we ourselves 'author' or lay down moral norms and values for ourselves, our autonomy as agents will be threatened. In this book, Robert Stern challenges the cogency of this 'argument from autonomy', and claims that Kant never subscribed to it. Rather, it is not value realism but the apparent obligatoriness of morality that really poses a challenge to our autonomy: how can this be accounted for without taking away our freedom? The debate the book focuses on therefore concerns whether this obligatoriness should be located in ourselves (Kant), in others (Hegel) or in God (Kierkegaard). Stern traces the historical dialectic that drove the development of these respective theories, and clearly and sympathetically considers their merits and disadvantages; he concludes by arguing that the choice between them remains open.

How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law

Author : Kenneth R. Westphal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191064114
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law by : Kenneth R. Westphal

Download or read book How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law written by Kenneth R. Westphal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kenneth R. Westphal presents an original interpretation of Hume's and Kant's moral philosophies, the differences between which are prominent in current philosophical accounts. Westphal argues that focussing on these differences, however, occludes a decisive, shared achievement: a distinctive constructivist method to identify basic moral principles and to justify their strict objectivity, without invoking moral realism nor moral anti-realism or irrealism. Their constructivism is based on Hume's key insight that 'though the laws of justice are artificial, they are not arbitrary'. Arbitrariness in basic moral principles is avoided by starting with fundamental problems of social coördination which concern outward behaviour and physiological needs; basic principles of justice are artificial because solving those problems does not require appeal to moral realism (nor to moral anti-realism). Instead, moral cognitivism is preserved by identifying sufficient justifying reasons, which can be addressed to all parties, for the minimum sufficient legitimate principles and institutions required to provide and protect basic forms of social coördination (including verbal behaviour). Hume first develops this kind of constructivism for basic property rights and for government. Kant greatly refines Hume's construction of justice within his 'metaphysical principles of justice', whilst preserving the core model of Hume's innovative constructivism. Hume's and Kant's constructivism avoids the conventionalist and relativist tendencies latent if not explicit in contemporary forms of moral constructivism.

Realism and Anti-Realism

Author : Stuart Brock
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131749427X
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Realism and Anti-Realism by : Stuart Brock

Download or read book Realism and Anti-Realism written by Stuart Brock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a bewildering variety of ways the terms "realism" and "anti-realism" have been used in philosophy and furthermore the different uses of these terms are only loosely connected with one another. Rather than give a piecemeal map of this very diverse landscape, the authors focus on what they see as the core concept: realism about a particular domain is the view that there are facts or entities distinctive of that domain, and their existence and nature is in some important sense objective and mind-independent. The authors carefully set out and explain the different realist and anti-realist positions and arguments that occur in five key domains: science, ethics, mathematics, modality and fictional objects. For each area the authors examine the various styles of argument in support of and against realism and anti-realism, show how these different positions and arguments arise in very different domains, evaluate their success within these fields, and draw general conclusions about these assorted strategies. Error theory, fictionalism, non-cognitivism, relativism and response-dependence are taken as the most important positions in opposition to the realist and these are explored in depth. Suitable for advanced level undergraduates, the book offers readers a clear introduction to a subject central to much contemporary work in metaphysics, epistemology and philosophy of language.

Kant and the Divine

Author : Christopher J. Insole
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019259494X
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Kant and the Divine by : Christopher J. Insole

Download or read book Kant and the Divine written by Christopher J. Insole and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a definitive study of the development of Kant's conception of the highest good, from his earliest work, to his dying days. Insole argues that Kant believes in God, but that Kant is not a Christian, and that this opens up an important and neglected dimension of Western Philosophy. Kant is not a Christian, because he cannot accept Christianity's traditional claims about the relationship between divine action, grace, human freedom and happiness. Christian theologians who continue to affirm these traditional claims (and many do), therefore have grounds to be suspicious of Kant as an interpreter of Christian doctrine. As well as setting out a theological critique of Kant, Insole offers a new defence of the power, beauty, and internal coherence of Kant's non-Christian philosophical religiosity, 'within the limits of reason alone', which reason itself has some divine features. This neglected strand of philosophical religiosity deserves to be engaged with by both philosophers, and theologians. The Kant revealed in this book reminds us of a perennial task of philosophy, going back to Plato, where philosophy is construed as a way of life, oriented towards happiness, achieved through a properly expansive conception of reason and happiness. When we understand this philosophical religiosity, many standard 'problems' in the interpretation of Kant can be seen in a new light, and resolved. Kant witnesses to a strand of philosophy that leans into the category of the divine, at the edges of what we can say about reason, freedom, autonomy, and happiness.

Naturalism and Realism in Kant's Ethics

Author : Frederick Rauscher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316453634
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (164 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalism and Realism in Kant's Ethics by : Frederick Rauscher

Download or read book Naturalism and Realism in Kant's Ethics written by Frederick Rauscher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive assessment of Kant's metaethics, Frederick Rauscher shows that Kant is a moral idealist rather than a moral realist and argues that Kant's ethics does not require metaphysical commitments that go beyond nature. Rauscher frames the argument in the context of Kant's non-naturalistic philosophical method and the character of practical reason as action-oriented. Reason operates entirely within nature, and apparently non-natural claims - God, free choice, and value - are shown to be heuristic and to reflect reason's ordering of nature. The book shows how Kant hesitates between a transcendental moral idealism with an empirical moral realism and a complete moral idealism. Examining every aspect of Kant's ethics, from the categorical imperative to freedom and value, this volume argues that Kant's focus on human moral agency explains morality as a part of nature. It will appeal to academic researchers and advanced students of Kant, German idealism and intellectual history.

Kant's Moral Metaphysics

Author : Benjamin J. Bruxvoort Lipscomb
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110220032
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Kant's Moral Metaphysics by : Benjamin J. Bruxvoort Lipscomb

Download or read book Kant's Moral Metaphysics written by Benjamin J. Bruxvoort Lipscomb and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent interpreters of Kant's philosophy and contemporary advocates of broadly neo-Kantian views generally minimize the importance of Kant's metaphysical beliefs. This volume re-evaluates these minimizing approaches with particular reference to Kant's moral philosophy, exploring Kantian positions on such topics as moral corruption, the relation between God and ethics, the metaphysics of human freedom, and the possibility of knowledge of God. This volume is the first to place these topics within the context of the Critical philosophy as a whole, encouraging not only a more metaphysical, but also a more holistic reading of Kant.

Anthropocentrism in Philosophy

Author : Panayot Butchvarov
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1614519471
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Anthropocentrism in Philosophy by : Panayot Butchvarov

Download or read book Anthropocentrism in Philosophy written by Panayot Butchvarov and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropocentrism in philosophy is deeply paradoxical. Ethics investigates the human good, epistemology investigates human knowledge, and antirealist metaphysics holds that the world depends on our cognitive capacities. But humans’ good and knowledge, including their language and concepts, are empirical matters, whereas philosophers do not engage in empirical research. And humans are inhabitants, not 'makers', of the world. Nevertheless, all three (ethics, epistemology, and antirealist metaphysics) can be drastically reinterpreted as making no reference to humans.

Kant on Practical Justification

Author : Mark Timmons
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199875367
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Kant on Practical Justification by : Mark Timmons

Download or read book Kant on Practical Justification written by Mark Timmons and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of new essays provides a comprehensive and structured examination of Kant's justification of norms, a crucial but neglected theme in Kantian practical philosophy. The essays engage with the view that a successful account of justification of normative claims has to be non-metaphysical and go on to pursue further implications in ethics, legal and political philosophy, and philosophy of religion.

Spinoza's Ethics

Author : Yitzhak Y. Melamed
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781107542822
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza's Ethics by : Yitzhak Y. Melamed

Download or read book Spinoza's Ethics written by Yitzhak Y. Melamed and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinoza's Ethics, published in 1677, is considered his greatest work and one of history's most influential philosophical treatises. This volume brings established scholars together with new voices to engage with the complex system of philosophy proposed by Spinoza in his masterpiece. Topics including identity, thought, free will, metaphysics, and reason are all addressed, as individual chapters investigate the key themes of the Ethics and combine to offer readers a fresh and thought-provoking view of the work as a whole. Written in a clear and accessible style, the volume sets out cutting-edge research that reflects, challenges, and promotes the most recent scholarly advances in the field of Spinoza studies, tackling old issues and bringing to light new subjects for debate.

The Normative Web

Author : Terence Cuneo
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191614815
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Normative Web by : Terence Cuneo

Download or read book The Normative Web written by Terence Cuneo and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2010-03-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antirealist views about morality claim that moral facts or truths do not exist. Do these views imply that other types of normative facts, such as epistemic ones, do not exist? The Normative Web develops a positive answer to this question. Terence Cuneo argues that the similarities between moral and epistemic facts provide excellent reason to believe that, if moral facts do not exist, then epistemic facts do not exist. But epistemic facts, it is argued, do exist: to deny their existence would commit us to an extreme version of epistemological skepticism. Therefore, Cuneo concludes, moral facts exist. And if moral facts exist, then moral realism is true. In so arguing, Cuneo provides not simply a defense of moral realism, but a positive argument for it. Moreover, this argument engages with a wide range of antirealist positions in epistemology such as error theories, expressivist views, and reductionist views of epistemic reasons. If the central argument of The Normative Web is correct, antirealist positions of these varieties come at a very high cost. Given their cost, Cuneo contends, we should find realism about both epistemic and moral facts highly attractive.

Immanuel Kant's Moral Theory

Author : Roger J. Sullivan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521369084
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Immanuel Kant's Moral Theory by : Roger J. Sullivan

Download or read book Immanuel Kant's Moral Theory written by Roger J. Sullivan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, sure to become a standard reference work, is a comprehensive, lucid, and systematic commentary on Kant's practical (or moral) philosophy. Kant is arguably the most important moral philosopher of the modern period; yet, prior to this area in a single volume. Using as nontechnical a language as possible, Professor Sullivan offers a detailed, authoritative account of Kant's moral philosophy - including his ethical theory, his philosophy of history, his political philosophy, his philosophy of religion, and his philosophy of education - and demonstrates the historical, Kantian origins of such important notions as â€~autonomy', â€~respect for persons', â€~rights', and â€~duties'. An invaluable resource, this book will be extremely useful to advanced undergraduates, graduates, and professional philosophers alike.

Immanuel Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals

Author : Dieter Schönecker
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674967364
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Immanuel Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals by : Dieter Schönecker

Download or read book Immanuel Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals written by Dieter Schönecker and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A defining work of moral philosophy, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals has been highly influential and famously difficult. Dieter Schönecker and Allen Wood make clear the ways this work forms the basis of our modern moral outlook and how moral law relates to freedom and free will within Kant’s overall philosophy.

Metaepistemology

Author : Christos Kyriacou
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319933698
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaepistemology by : Christos Kyriacou

Download or read book Metaepistemology written by Christos Kyriacou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains twelve chapters by leading and up-and-coming philosophers on metaepistemology, that is, on the nature, existence and authority of epistemic facts. One of the central divides in metaepistemology is between epistemic realists and epistemic anti-realists. Epistemic realists think that epistemic facts (such as the fact that you ought to believe what your evidence supports) exist independently of human judgements and practices, and that they have authority over our judgements and practices. Epistemic anti-realists think that, if epistemic facts exist at all, they are grounded in human judgements and practices, and gain any authority they have from our judgements and practices. This book considers both epistemic realist and anti-realist perspectives, as well as perspectives that 'transcend' the realism/anti-realism dichotomy. As such, it constitutes the 'state of the art' with regard to metaepistemology, and will shape the debate in years to come.

Kantian Ethics

Author : Robert Stern
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019872229X
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Kantian Ethics by : Robert Stern

Download or read book Kantian Ethics written by Robert Stern and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a selection of Robert Stern's work on the theme of Kantian ethics. It begins by focusing on the relation between Kant's account of obligation and his view of autonomy, arguing that this leaves room for Kant to be a realist about value. Stern then considers where this places Kant in relation to the question of moral scepticism, and in relation to the principle of 'ought implies can', and examines this principle in its own right. The papers then move beyond Kant himself to his wider influence and to critics of his work, including Hegel, the British Idealists, and the Danish philosopher and theologian K. E. Logstrup, while also offering a comparison with William James's arguments for freedom. The collection concludes with a consideration of a broadly Kantian critique of divine command ethics offered by Stephen Darwall, arguing that the critique does not succeed. General themes considered in this volume therefore include value, perfectionism, agency, autonomy, moral motivation, moral scepticism, and obligation, as well as the historical place of Kant's ethics and its influence on thinkers up to the present day.

Ends and Principles in Kant’s Moral Thought

Author : John E. Atwell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400943458
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Ends and Principles in Kant’s Moral Thought by : John E. Atwell

Download or read book Ends and Principles in Kant’s Moral Thought written by John E. Atwell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) stands among the greatest thinkers of the Western world. There is hardly an area of thought, at least of philosophical thought, to which he did not make significant and lasting contributions. Particularly noteworthy are his writings on the foundations and limits of human knowledge, the bidimensional nature of perceptual or "natural" objects (including human beings), the basic principles and ends of morality, the character of a just society and of a world at peace, the movement and direction of human history, the nature of beauty, the end or purpose of all creation, the proper education of young people, the true conception of religion, and on and on. Though Kant was a life-long resident of Konigsberg, Prussia - child, student, tutor, and then professor of philosophy (and other subjects) - his thought ranged over nearly all the world and even beyond. Reports reveal that he (a bachelor) was an amiable man, highly respected by his students and colleagues, and even loved by his several close friends. He was apparently a man of integrity, both in his personal relations and in his pursuit of knowledge and truth. Despite his somewhat pessimistic attitude toward the moral progress of mankind - judging from past history and contemporary events - he never wavered from a deep-seated faith in the goodness of the human heart, in man's "splendid disposition toward the good.