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Real Scene Contextual Cueing
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Book Synopsis Real-scene Contextual Cueing by : Allison L. Thomas Scrivner-Limbaugh
Download or read book Real-scene Contextual Cueing written by Allison L. Thomas Scrivner-Limbaugh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation was designed to study the impact of stable and unstable landmarks on repeated visual search tasks involving real-scene displays relative to no background displays in a contextual cueing procedure. Contextual cueing, a repeated visual search task, involves implicit learning through associative relationships between a set of distractors and a target location (Chun and Jiang, 1998). Stable landmarks, defined as unmoving, reliable landmarks were items like benches, road signs, and a large fountain. Unstable items, defined as capable of movement and therefore unreliable landmarks, consisted of a cat, people, and other animals. Typically contextual cueing tasks involve repeated exposures to a set of displays over several blocks in the learning phase. In a test phase, participants encounter unseen displays with random target locations. The current study involved two experiments. Experiment 1 contained real-scene displays where participants searched similar park scenes for a predetermined target amongst stable and unstable distractors. In the test phase, the stable distractors were removed in one condition, and in another, only the unstable distractors were removed. Experiment 2 was identical, although there were no real-scene backgrounds. It was predicted that participants would respond faster to the stable condition, where stable landmarks would help to predict the location of the target. The general hypothesis was that inherent stable objects such water fountains, benches, and road signs would be more informative about the location of other objects in a scene than would relative unstable objects that could move to different locations or completely out of the scene on their own such as animals or people. Overall, there was a difference in the degree to which stable and unstable objects influence performance to repeated relative to novel displays. In fact, this difference was observed for stable vs unstable objects encountered in real world scenes and those presented against a solid background. As such, the difference in the processing of stable vs unstable objects in real world scenes was reflected in a greater cost when unstable objects were removed during the test phase relative to when stable objects were removed. Overall the results indicate that participants struggle with repeated search tasks within real scenes.
Book Synopsis Contextual Cueing in Moving Scenes by : Adam Trent Robinson
Download or read book Contextual Cueing in Moving Scenes written by Adam Trent Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a number of different processes involved while performing a visual search task. One likely process involves learning spatial regularities in our surroundings. Contextual cueing reflects a form of associative learning between a target location and its surrounding environmental context through repeated exposure to consistent spatial orientation. Research on the phenomenon as it applies to a real world search has been limited by several choices in research methodology. The current study addresses this problem by incorporating dynamic, multicolored, and complex videos that allow for more accurate conclusions about the realistic applications of contextual cueing effects to be drawn. Participants (N =62) completed a search task while viewing videos taken from a virtual environment. Videos were either experienced once or multiple times throughout the experiment. Results showed that participants were able to locate a target object within the repeated videos faster than in novel videos. It appears that target-context associations can be formed under dynamic conditions using realistic stimuli. Implications for wayfinding, along with underlying cognitive processes, are discussed.
Book Synopsis Elements of Scene Perception by : Monica S. Castelhano
Download or read book Elements of Scene Perception written by Monica S. Castelhano and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual cognitive processes have traditionally been examined with simplified stimuli, but generalization of these processes to the real-world is not always straightforward. Using images, computer-generated images, and virtual environments, researchers have examined processing of visual information in the real-world. Although referred to as scene perception, this research field encompasses many aspects of scene processing. Beyond the perception of visual features, scene processing is fundamentally influenced and constrained by semantic information as well as spatial layout and spatial associations with objects. In this review, we will present recent advances in how scene processing occurs within a few seconds of exposure, how scene information is retained in the long-term, and how different tasks affect attention in scene processing. By considering the characteristics of real-world scenes, as well as different time windows of processing, we can develop a fuller appreciation for the research that falls under the wider umbrella of scene processing.
Download or read book Visual Memory written by Steven J. Luck and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2008-09-10 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision and memory are two of the most intensively studied topics in psychology and neuroscience. This book provides a state-of-the-art account of visual memory systems. Each chapter is written by an internationally renowned researcher, who has made seminal contributions to the topic.
Download or read book Cognitive Vision written by Markus Vincze and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weareverypleasedtopresenttheproceedingsofthe4thInternationalCognitive Vision Workshop,held as part of the 6th InternationalConference on Computer Vision Systems on Santorini,Greeceduring May12–15,2008.The aim of ICVW 2008 was to document the progress of the relatively young ?eld of cognitive computer vision, bringing together researchers working and interested in this ?eld and giving them a platform to discuss the results of the di?erent European cognitive vision projects as well as international projects in this area. Original research papers were solicited in all aspects of cognitive vision, targeting the following areas in particular: – Memory: The coupling between visual perception, tasks, knowledge and the visualsystemrequiresmemory.Issuesthatareofspecialimportanceforin- grating memory into vision systems include: how to manage representations with limited resources;modelfor attention;integrationofinformationacross representations and time. – Learning and Adaptation: A system whose goal is that of interacting with the real world must be capable of learning from experience and adapting to unexpected changes. Also, there is a need for integration of multiple - sual features to enable generation of stable hypotheses, and for methods for combination of cues in the presence of uncertainty. – Categorization: Research has in particular focused on recall of speci?c - ject instances, events and actions. Whereas recently some progress has been achieved in systems that allow limited recognition of object classes, events and scenes across visual appearance, new methods are needed to enable abstractions and e?ective categorization across variations in color, surface markings, geometry, temporal scenes, context and tasks.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements by : Simon Liversedge
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements written by Simon Liversedge and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, there has been an explosion of eye movement research in cognitive science and neuroscience. The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements provides the first comprehensive review of the entire field of eye movement research. This book is the definitive reference work in this field.
Book Synopsis The Visual World in Memory by : James R. Brockmole
Download or read book The Visual World in Memory written by James R. Brockmole and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008-10-07 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines how well we remember what we see. Research in human memory for visual material varies tremendously across the time scales, stimuli, and scenarios of interest. Because of these distinct pursuits, research in the field of 'visual memory' is in practice rather compartmentalized and as such is disseminated across a range of literatures. The Visual World in Memory pulls together this disparate field with a series of chapters, each written by a leading expert, that concisely present the state-of-the-science in all the areas of research. The result is a single source of information that bridges the divides that separate the field as a whole. Each chapter reviews and analyzes current theories and controversies regarding such issues as visual and spatial working memory, memory for visual features, conjunctions, objects, and locations, memory for faces, memory for real-world scenes, memory for visual events, the role of visual memory in motor planning and action, the relationship between visual memory, reference frames, and navigation, and visual imagery. The rigorous discussion and analysis included in each chapter will appeal to established researchers and vision scientists whilst the breadth of the book will make it an ideal companion for students learning about memory.
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Learning and Motivation by :
Download or read book The Psychology of Learning and Motivation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-11 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychology of Learning and Motivation series publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. - Volume 57 of the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation series - An essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive science - Relevant to both applied concerns and basic research
Book Synopsis Eye Movements by : Roger PG van Gompel
Download or read book Eye Movements written by Roger PG van Gompel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-27 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eye-movement recording has become the method of choice in a wide variety of disciplines investigating how the mind and brain work. This volume brings together recent, high-quality eye-movement research from many different disciplines and, in doing so, presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in eye-movement research. Sections include the history of eye-movement research, physiological and clinical studies of eye movements, transsaccadic integration, computational modelling of eye movements, reading, spoken language processing, attention and scene perception, and eye-movements in natural environments. - Includes recent research from a variety of disciplines - Divided into sections based on topic areas, with an overview chapter beginning each section - Through the study of eye movements we can learn about the human mind, and eye movement recording has become the method of choice in many disciplines
Book Synopsis Exploring Implicit Cognition: Learning, Memory, and Social Cognitive Processes by : Jin, Zheng
Download or read book Exploring Implicit Cognition: Learning, Memory, and Social Cognitive Processes written by Jin, Zheng and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While widely studied, the capacity of the human mind remains largely unexplored. As such, researchers are continually seeking ways to understand the brain, its function, and its impact on human behavior. Exploring Implicit Cognition: Learning, Memory, and Social Cognitive Processes explores research surrounding the ways in which an individuals unconscious is able to influence and impact that persons behavior without their awareness. Focusing on topics pertaining to social cognition and the unconscious process, this title is ideal for use by students, researchers, psychologists, and academicians interested in the latest insights into implicit cognition.
Book Synopsis Eye Movements and Visual Cognition by : Raymond M. Klein
Download or read book Eye Movements and Visual Cognition written by Raymond M. Klein and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a volume based on the “Eye Movements and Visual Cognition” Special Issue published in the journal Vision by MDPI and edited by Raymond Klein and Simon Liversedge. The eBook comprises 19 high-quality chapters that are original and topical works by leading academic figures in the field of human vision and visual cognition. In putting together the book, we aimed to provide an informative body of work to stimulate and foster useful intellectual exchange between individuals working on basic theoretical issues as well as on more applied aspects of vision and cognitive science. From the outset, we sought papers that provide concise and astute reviews of topics within this broad field. The present volume includes reviews that are narrative (critiquing and summarizing research on a topic), tutorial (with a focus on methods and findings), empirical (e.g., meta-analytic), and theoretically synthetic. The eBook also features chapters with new empirical content that resolves an undecided issue stemming from an evaluation of the literature. Finally, where possible, we also selected papers that bridge theoretical and applied issues and provide insight into behavior and its neural substrate. All chapters were subject to peer review and went through several rounds of revision prior to acceptance.
Book Synopsis Approaches and Assumptions in Human Neuroscience by : Michael X. Cohen
Download or read book Approaches and Assumptions in Human Neuroscience written by Michael X. Cohen and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human brain is arguably the most complex system we know of. Over the past few decades, scientists have developed several methods and theories for studying the functional organization of the brain, and how cognitive/perceptual/emotional processes might arise from the brain's electro-chemical-computational dynamics. These methods facilitated and inspired large literatures on brain-behavior links, and yet there remains a seemingly endless chasm between our simple impoverished models and the unfathomable complexity of the human brain. The purpose of this Research Topic is to ask the question: Are we thinking about thinking about the brain in the right way? In most scientific publications, researchers describe a broad and established theoretical framework and briefly describe new experimental results consistent with that framework. Here, we encourage authors to express ideas that might be radical, controversial, or different from established theories or methodological approaches. Supportive data are highly encouraged. The aim is to spark discussions about the validity and usefulness of current methodological/theoretical approaches in human cognitive neuroscience, with the goal of inspiring new approaches and ways of thinking. Neuroscience is a massive field with myriad methodological and theoretical approaches; we focus this Research Topic on approaches most commonly used in human neuroscience.
Book Synopsis Eye Movement Analysis for Context Inference and Cognitive-awareness by : Andreas Bulling
Download or read book Eye Movement Analysis for Context Inference and Cognitive-awareness written by Andreas Bulling and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2010 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory by : Timothy Hodgson
Download or read book Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory written by Timothy Hodgson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a broad range of current research topics addressing the function of visuospatial attention and working memory. It discusses a variety of perspectives ranging from evolutionary and genetic underpinnings to neural substrates/computational processes and the connection between attention and working memory. Contributions address the topic at the molecular, system and evolutionary scales and will be of interest to a range of audiences from animal behaviour specialists, experimental psychologists to clinicians in the field of psychiatry and neurology.
Book Synopsis Spatial Learning and Attention Guidance by : Stefan Pollmann
Download or read book Spatial Learning and Attention Guidance written by Stefan Pollmann and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at the latest research techniques to study the interaction of visual spatial learning and attention guidance with behavioral, psychophysiological, and imaging methods. Part One (behavioral methods) focuses on different paradigms of visual search like visual foraging and contextual cueing, and also methods like feature distribution analysis and search in virtual reality. Part Two (psychophysiological methods) integrates innovative uses of classical potential changes like the CDA and N2pc, with multivariate analysis methods and multi-method designs. Part Three (functional imaging) covers lesion-behavior mapping, retinotopic and grid cell mapping methods for human fMRI, as well as functional registration by hyperalignment and simultaneous eye-tracking and fMRI. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Spatial Learning and Attention Guidance is a valuable resource for all researchers and scientists who are interested in learning more about the relationship between attention and memory.
Book Synopsis Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages by : Patrick Rebuschat
Download or read book Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages written by Patrick Rebuschat and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implicit learning is a fundamental feature of human cognition. Many essential skills, including language comprehension and production, intuitive decision making, and social interaction, are largely dependent on implicit (unconscious) knowledge. Given its relevance, it is not surprising that the study of implicit learning plays a central role in the cognitive sciences. The present volume brings together eminent researchers from a variety of fields (e.g., cognitive psychology, linguistics, education, cognitive neuroscience, developmental psychology) in order to assess the progress made in the study of implicit and explicit learning, to critically evaluate key concepts and methodologies, and to determine future directions to take in this interdisciplinary enterprise. The eighteen chapters in this volume are written in an accessible and engaging fashion; together, they provide the reader with a comprehensive snapshot of the exciting current work on the implicit and explicit learning of languages.
Book Synopsis How Attention Works by : Stefan Van Der Stigchel
Download or read book How Attention Works written by Stefan Van Der Stigchel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we filter out what is irrelevant so we can focus on what we need to know. We are surrounded by a world rich with visual information, but we pay attention to very little of it, filtering out what is irrelevant so we can focus on what we think we need to know. Advertisers, web designers, and other “attention architects” try hard to get our attention, promoting products with videos on huge outdoor screens, adding flashing banners to websites, and developing computer programs with blinking icons that tempt us to click. Often they succeed in distracting us from what we are supposed to be doing. In How Attention Works, Stefan Van der Stigchel explains the process of attention and what the implications are for our everyday lives. The visual attention system is efficient, Van der Stigchel writes, because it doesn't waste energy processing every scrap of visual data it receives; it gathers only relevant information. We focus on one snippet of information and assume that everything else is stable and consistent with past experience; that's why most people miss even the most glaring continuity errors in films. If an object doesn't meet our expectations, chances are we won't see it. Van der Stigchel makes his case with examples from real life, explaining, among other things, the limitations of color perception (and why fire trucks shouldn't be red); the importance of location (security guards and radiologists, for example, have to know where to look); the attention-getting properties of faces and spiders; what we can learn from someone else's eye movements; why we see what we expect to see (magicians take advantage of this); and visual neglect and unattended information.
