Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Reaction Mechanisms Of Binary And Ternary Multilayer Thin Films Wihin The Quaternary Copper Indium Gallium Selenium System
Download Reaction Mechanisms Of Binary And Ternary Multilayer Thin Films Wihin The Quaternary Copper Indium Gallium Selenium System full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Reaction Mechanisms Of Binary And Ternary Multilayer Thin Films Wihin The Quaternary Copper Indium Gallium Selenium System ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Reaction Mechanisms of Binary and Ternary Multilayer Thin Films Wihin the Quaternary Copper, Indium, Gallium, Selenium System by : Hannah Jean Moore
Download or read book Reaction Mechanisms of Binary and Ternary Multilayer Thin Films Wihin the Quaternary Copper, Indium, Gallium, Selenium System written by Hannah Jean Moore and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Copper(indium, Gallium)selenide Film Formation from Selenization of Mixed Metal/metal-selenide Precursors by : Rui Kamada
Download or read book Copper(indium, Gallium)selenide Film Formation from Selenization of Mixed Metal/metal-selenide Precursors written by Rui Kamada and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 film fabrication by the selenization of the mixed metal/metal-selenide precursors was investigated. For the precursor preparation, the combination of electro deposition, annealing, co-evaporation and pre-selenization methods were employed with sequential sputtering as a control. The precursor structures studied were CuSe/Ga/In, Cu 2-x Se/Ga/In, (Ga, In)-Se/Cu and metallic Cu-Ga/In as a control. Cu 2-x Se/Ga/In precursors were prepared from both electro deposition and co-evaporation. These precursors were selenized in H 2 Se at at 450°C for 5, 15, and 90min. The structures of the precursors and reacted films were examined in terms of the crystalline phases, compositions and morphologies by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, symmetric and asymmetric X-ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The similar selenization reaction rates were obtained for the precursors with copper selenide/Ga/In structures as that for the control precursor while that for the (Ga, In)-Se/Cu seems to be slower than the control. Ga accumulation at the backside of the selenized film was universally observed for the precursors including the control Cu-Ga/In precursor, with the exception of one precursor with the structure of CuSe/Ga/In made from electro deposition. For the CuSe/Ga/In precursor, a hill-like Ga profile with the maximum Ga concentration at the middle of the film was obtained. In addition, increased Ga composition at the front side of the selenized film was obtained for the Cu 2-x Se/Ga/In precursor made from electro deposition compared to the control. The device performance of the solar cells made of these selenized films were also investigated and related to the film properties. The comparable conversion efficiencies were obtained from the three precursors with copper selenide/Ga/In structures as the control. The long wavelength edge of external quantum efficiency curve indicates larger bandgap than the control for the films made from the two precursors including the CuSe/Ga/In and Cu 2-x Se/Ga/In, both started with electron deposition. The enhanced Ga incorporation into Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 structure corresponds to the larger bandgap for these precursors.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Investigation of Copper/indium Multilayer Thin Film Reactions by : Kirk Arthur Lindahl
Download or read book Quantitative Investigation of Copper/indium Multilayer Thin Film Reactions written by Kirk Arthur Lindahl and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Sulfur Alloying in Defects and Transitions in Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Disulfide Thin Films by : Adam Fraser Halverson
Download or read book The Role of Sulfur Alloying in Defects and Transitions in Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Disulfide Thin Films written by Adam Fraser Halverson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films by : Theodor Schneller
Download or read book Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films written by Theodor Schneller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first text to cover all aspects of solution processed functional oxide thin-films. Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) comprises all solution based thin- film deposition techniques, which involve chemical reactions of precursors during the formation of the oxide films, i. e. sol-gel type routes, metallo-organic decomposition routes, hybrid routes, etc. While the development of sol-gel type processes for optical coatings on glass by silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide dates from the mid-20th century, the first CSD derived electronic oxide thin films, such as lead zirconate titanate, were prepared in the 1980’s. Since then CSD has emerged as a highly flexible and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of a very wide variety of functional oxide thin films. Application areas include, for example, integrated dielectric capacitors, ferroelectric random access memories, pyroelectric infrared detectors, piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems, antireflective coatings, optical filters, conducting-, transparent conducting-, and superconducting layers, luminescent coatings, gas sensors, thin film solid-oxide fuel cells, and photoelectrocatalytic solar cells. In the appendix detailed “cooking recipes” for selected material systems are offered.
Book Synopsis Applied Science & Technology Index by :
Download or read book Applied Science & Technology Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants by : Perrin Walker
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
Book Synopsis Electrochemistry of Metal Chalcogenides by : Mirtat Bouroushian
Download or read book Electrochemistry of Metal Chalcogenides written by Mirtat Bouroushian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-23 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author provides a unified account of the electrochemical material science of metal chalcogenide (MCh) compounds and alloys with regard to their synthesis, processing and applications. Starting with the chemical fundamentals of the chalcogens and their major compounds, the initial part of the book includes a systematic description of the MCh solids on the basis of the Periodic Table in terms of their structures and key properties. This is followed by a general discussion on the electrochemistry of chalcogen species, and the principles underlying the electrochemical formation of inorganic compounds/alloys. The core of the book offers an insight into available experimental results and inferences regarding the electrochemical preparation and microstructural control of conventional and novel MCh structures. It also aims to survey their photoelectrochemistry, both from a material-oriented point of view and as connected to specific processes such as photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. Finally, the book illustrates the relevance of MCh materials to various applications of electrochemical interest such as (electro)catalysis in fuel cells, energy storage with intercalation electrodes, and ion sensing.
Book Synopsis Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films by : Fabian I. Ezema
Download or read book Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films written by Fabian I. Ezema and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book guides beginners in the areas of thin film preparation, characterization, and device making, while providing insight into these areas for experts. As chemically deposited metal oxides are currently gaining attention in development of devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, etc., the book illustrates how the chemical deposition route is emerging as a relatively inexpensive, simple, and convenient solution for large area deposition. The advancement in the nanostructured materials for the development of devices is fully discussed.
Book Synopsis Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by : Zhebo Chen
Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting written by Zhebo Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines many of the techniques involved in materials development and characterization for photoelectrochemical (PEC) – for example, proper metrics for describing material performance, how to assemble testing cells and prepare materials for assessment of their properties, and how to perform the experimental measurements needed to achieve reliable results towards better scientific understanding. For each technique, proper procedure, benefits, limitations, and data interpretation are discussed. Consolidating this information in a short, accessible, and easy to read reference guide will allow researchers to more rapidly immerse themselves into PEC research and also better compare their results against those of other researchers to better advance materials development. This book serves as a “how-to” guide for researchers engaged in or interested in engaging in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. PEC water splitting is a rapidly growing field of research in which the goal is to develop materials which can absorb the energy from sunlight to drive electrochemical hydrogen production from the splitting of water. The substantial complexity in the scientific understanding and experimental protocols needed to sufficiently pursue accurate and reliable materials development means that a large need exists to consolidate and standardize the most common methods utilized by researchers in this field.
Book Synopsis 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) by : IEEE Staff
Download or read book 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: scientific and engineering technical conference covering all aspects of photovoltaics materials, devices, systems and reliability
Book Synopsis Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium by : A.K. Suri
Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.
Book Synopsis Photovoltaic Materials by : Bube Richard H
Download or read book Photovoltaic Materials written by Bube Richard H and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-05-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and development of photovoltaic solar cells is playing an ever larger practical role in energy supply and ecological conservation all over the world. Many materials science problems are encountered in understanding existing solar cells and the development of more efficient, less costly, and more stable cells. This important and timely book provides a historical overview, but concentrates primarily on exciting developments in the last decade. It describes the properties of the materials that play an important role in photovoltaic applications, the solar cell structures in which they are used, and the experimental and theoretical developments that have led to the most promising contenders./a
Book Synopsis Thin Film Solar Cells by : Jef Poortmans
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Author :Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642222757 Total Pages :588 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (422 download)
Book Synopsis Physics and Technology of Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells by : Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark
Download or read book Physics and Technology of Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells written by Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s solar cell multi-GW market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer technology, however new cell concepts are entering the market. One very promising solar cell design to answer these needs is the silicon hetero-junction solar cell, of which the emitter and back surface field are basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of amorphous silicon. In this design, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) constitutes both „emitter“ and „base-contact/back surface field“ on both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base (c-Si) where the electrons and holes are photogenerated; at the same time, a-Si:H passivates the c-Si surface. Recently, cell efficiencies above 23% have been demonstrated for such solar cells. In this book, the editors present an overview of the state-of-the-art in physics and technology of amorphous-crystalline heterostructure silicon solar cells. The heterojunction concept is introduced, processes and resulting properties of the materials used in the cell and their heterointerfaces are discussed and characterization techniques and simulation tools are presented.
