rationalized-epistemology

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Rationalized Epistemology

Author : Albert A. Johnstone
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791407882
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationalized Epistemology by : Albert A. Johnstone

Download or read book Rationalized Epistemology written by Albert A. Johnstone and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1991-10-18 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines skeptical problems originally raised by Descartes and Hume and currently discussed in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and epistemology. It answers the basic skeptical questions concerning the existence of what is now unperceived, the reality of what is perceived, and the existence of an external world. Johnstone shows how the recently proposed solutions to these skeptical problems pragmatic, coherentist, linguistic, and new-Kantian do not and cannot work, and how only a return to foundational investigation on the terrain of the radical skeptic is adequate to the task. His analyses make for a valuable summary of every significant argument brought against skepticism. In the course of his investigation, Johnstone probes a number of topical issues: knowledge, rationality, the nature of meaning, nonverbal thinking, the bodily nature of the thinking self, parasitism, the role of the tactile-kinesthetic body in feeling and belief, and the necessary role of free will in epistemology.

Unsettled Thoughts

Author : Julia Staffel
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198833717
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Unsettled Thoughts by : Julia Staffel

Download or read book Unsettled Thoughts written by Julia Staffel and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-01-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should thinkers cope with uncertainty? What makes their degrees of belief rational, and how should they reason about uncertain matters? In epistemology, recent research has attempted to answer these questions by developing formal models of ideally rational credences. However, we know from psychological research that perfect rationality is unattainable for human thinkers--and so this raises the question of how rational ideals can apply to human thinkers. A popular reply is that the more a thinker's imperfectly rational credences approximate compliance with norms of ideal rationality, the better. But what exactly does this mean? Why is it better to be less irrational, if we can't ever be completely rational? And what does being closer to ideally rational amount to? If ideal models of rationality are supposed to help us understand the rationality of human, imperfect thinkers, we need answers to these questions. Unsettled Thoughts breaks new ground in the study of rationality in providing these answers: we can explain why it's better to be less irrational, because less irrational degrees of belief are generally more accurate and better at guiding our actions. Moreover, the way in which approximating ideal rationality is beneficial can be made formally precise by using a variety of distance measures that track the benefits of being more rational.

Rational Acceptance and Purpose

Author : David S. Clarke
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780847676002
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Rational Acceptance and Purpose by : David S. Clarke

Download or read book Rational Acceptance and Purpose written by David S. Clarke and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1989 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rational Belief

Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190221836
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Rational Belief by : Robert Audi

Download or read book Rational Belief written by Robert Audi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belief : its structure, content, and relation to the will -- Dispositional beliefs and dispositions to believe -- Doxastic voluntarism and the ethics of belief -- Belief : a study in form, content, and justification -- Normativity and virtue in epistemology -- Moral perception and moral knowledge -- Reliability as a virtue -- Knowledge, justification, and the normativity of epistemology -- Epistemological internalism and grounds of justification and knowledge -- An internalist theory of normative grounds -- Theoretical rationality : its sources, structure, and scope -- Doxastic innocence : phenomenal conservatism and epistemological common sense -- Skepticism about the a priori : self-evidence, defeasibility, and cogito propositions -- Social epistemology -- The place of testimony in the fabric of knowledge and justification -- Testimony as a social foundation of knowledge -- The ethics of belief and the morality of disagreement : intellectual responsibility and rational disagreement.

Working without a Net

Author : Richard Foley
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019536029X
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Working without a Net by : Richard Foley

Download or read book Working without a Net written by Richard Foley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992-12-17 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new book, Foley defends an epistemology that takes seriously the perspectives of individual thinkers. He argues that having rational opinions is a matter of meeting our own internal standards rather than standards that are somehow imposed upon us from the outside. It is a matter of making ourselves invulnerable to intellectual self-criticism. Foley also shows how the theory of rational belief is part of a general theory of rationality. He thus avoids treating the rationality of belief as a fundamentally different kind of phenomenon from the rationality of decision or action. His approach generates promising suggestions about a wide range of issues--e.g., the distinction between epistemic and non-epistemic reasons for belief; the question of what aspects of the Cartesian project are still worth doing; the significance of simplicity and other theoretical virtues; the relevance of skeptical hypotheses; the difference between a theory of rational belief and a theory of knowledge; the difference between a theory of rational belief and a theory of rational degrees of belief; and the limits of idealization in epistemology.

Extended Rationality

Author : A. Coliva
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137501898
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Extended Rationality by : A. Coliva

Download or read book Extended Rationality written by A. Coliva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extended Rationality provides a novel account of the structure of epistemic justification. Its central claim builds upon Wittgenstein's idea that epistemic justifications hinge on some basic assumptions and that epistemic rationality extends to these very hinges. It exploits these ideas to address problems such as scepticism and relativism.

Feminist Interpretations of W. V. Quine

Author : Jack Nelson
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 9780271047096
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Feminist Interpretations of W. V. Quine by : Jack Nelson

Download or read book Feminist Interpretations of W. V. Quine written by Jack Nelson and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the preeminent philosophers of the twentieth century, W. V. Quine (1908&–2000) made groundbreaking contributions to the philosophy of science, mathematical logic, and the philosophy of language. This collection of essays examines Quine's views, particularly his holism and naturalism, for their value (and their limitations) to feminist theorizing today. Some contributors to this volume see Quine as severely challenging basic tenets of the logico-empiricist tradition in the philosophy of science&—the analytic/synthetic distinction, verificationism, foundationalism&—and accept various of his positions as potential resources for feminist critique. Other contributors regard Quine as an unrepentant empiricist and, unlike feminists who seek to use or extend his arguments, they interpret his positions as far less radical and more problematic. In particular, critics and advocates of Quine's arguments that the philosophy of science should be &"naturalized&"&—understood and pursued as an enterprise continuous with the sciences proper&—disagree deeply about whether such a naturalized philosophy is &"philosophy enough.&" Central issues at stake in these disagreements reflect current questions of special interest to feminists and also bridge the analytic and postmodern traditions. They include questions about whether and how the philosophy of science, as a form of practice, is or can be normative as well as questions concerning the implications of Quine's philosophy of language for the transparency and stability of meaning. In representing feminist philosophy centrally engaged with the analytic tradition, this volume is important not only for what it contributes to the understanding of Quine and naturalized epistemology but also for what it accomplishes in working against restrictive conceptions of the place of feminism within the discipline. Aside from the editors, the contributors are Kathryn Pyne Addelson, Louise M. Antony, Richmond Campbell, Lorraine Code, Jane Duran, Maureen Linker, Phyllis Rooney, and Paul A. Roth.

Rational Understanding

Author : Miloud Belkoniene
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000884031
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Rational Understanding by : Miloud Belkoniene

Download or read book Rational Understanding written by Miloud Belkoniene and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-03-30 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a novel account of the connections between justification, understanding and knowledge. It lays the foundation for a more systematic and interconnected treatment of these central notions in epistemology. The author’s key move is to show first that a specific conception of doxastic justification constitutes our best point of entry into questions pertaining to a subject’s ability to secure understanding of reality. Second, that the traditional order of analysis when it comes to the connection between understanding and knowledge should be reversed: knowledge itself is best conceived of in terms of a specific type of understanding. Rational Understanding will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology and philosophy of science.

Belief, Action and Rationality over Time

Author : Chrisoula Andreou
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315444704
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Belief, Action and Rationality over Time by : Chrisoula Andreou

Download or read book Belief, Action and Rationality over Time written by Chrisoula Andreou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Action theorists and formal epistemologists often pursue parallel inquiries regarding rationality, with the former focused on practical rationality, and the latter focused on theoretical rationality. In both fields, there is currently a strong interest in exploring rationality in relation to time. This exploration raises questions about the rationality of certain patterns over time. For example, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of intention; similarly, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of belief. While the action-theoretic and epistemic questions raised are closely related, advances in one field are not always processed by the other. This volume brings together contributions by scholars in action theory and formal epistemology working on questions regarding rationality and time so that researchers in these overlapping fields can profit from each other’s insights. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy.

The Rational Mind

Author : Scott Sturgeon
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198845790
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rational Mind by : Scott Sturgeon

Download or read book The Rational Mind written by Scott Sturgeon and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-01-19 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scott Sturgeon presents an original account of mental states and their dynamics. He develops a detailed story of coarse- and fine-grained mental states, a novel perspective on how they fit together, an engaging theory of the rational transitions between them, and a fresh view of how formal methods can advance our understanding in this area. In doing so, he addresses a deep four-way divide in literature on epistemic rationality. Formal epistemology is done in specialized languages--often seeming a lot more like mathematics than Plato--and so can alienate philosophers who are drawn to more traditional work on thought experiments in epistemic rationality. Conversely, informal epistemology appears to be a lot more like Plato than mathematics and, as such, it tends to deter philosophers drawn to formal models of the phenomena. Similarly, the epistemology of coarse-grained states boils down everything to a discussion of rational belief--making the area appear a lot more like foundations of knowledge than anything useful for the theory rational decision, such as decision-making under uncertainty. The Rational Mind unifies work in all of these areas for the first time.

Sources of Knowledge

Author : Andrea Kern
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067497400X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Sources of Knowledge by : Andrea Kern

Download or read book Sources of Knowledge written by Andrea Kern and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can human beings, who are liable to error, possess knowledge, since the grounds on which we believe do not rule out that we are wrong? Andrea Kern argues that we can disarm this skeptical doubt by conceiving knowledge as an act of a rational capacity. In this book, she develops a metaphysics of the mind as existing through knowledge of itself.

Without Good Reason

Author : Edward Stein
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 019158472X
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Without Good Reason by : Edward Stein

Download or read book Without Good Reason written by Edward Stein and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1996-01-11 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are humans rational? Various experiments performed over the last several decades have been interpreted as showing that humans are irrational—we make significant and consistent errors in logical reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, similarity judgements, and risk-assessment, to name a few areas. But can these experiments establish human irrationality, or is it a conceptual truth that humans must be rational, as various philosophers have argued? In this book, Edward Stein offers a clear critical account of this debate about rationality in philosophy and cognitive science. He discusses concepts of rationality—the pictures of rationality that the debate centres on—and assesses the empirical evidence used to argue that humans are irrational. He concludes that the question of human rationality must be answered not conceptually but empirically, using the full resources of an advanced cognitive science. Furthermore, he extends this conclusion to argue that empirical considerations are also relevant to the theory of knowledge—in other words, that epistemology should be naturalized.

The Rationality of Perception

Author : Susanna Siegel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198797087
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rationality of Perception by : Susanna Siegel

Download or read book The Rationality of Perception written by Susanna Siegel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an important division in the human mind between perception and reasoning. We reason from information that we have already, but perception is a means of taking in new information. Susanna Siegel argues that these two aspects of the mind become deeply intertwined when beliefs, fears, desires, or prejudice influence what we perceive.

Schooling Islam

Author : Robert W. Hefner
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400837456
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Schooling Islam by : Robert W. Hefner

Download or read book Schooling Islam written by Robert W. Hefner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Taliban seized Kabul in 1996, the public has grappled with the relationship between Islamic education and radical Islam. Media reports tend to paint madrasas--religious schools dedicated to Islamic learning--as medieval institutions opposed to all that is Western and as breeding grounds for terrorists. Others have claimed that without reforms, Islam and the West are doomed to a clash of civilizations. Robert Hefner and Muhammad Qasim Zaman bring together eleven internationally renowned scholars to examine the varieties of modern Muslim education and their implications for national and global politics. The contributors provide new insights into Muslim culture and politics in countries as different as Morocco, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. They demonstrate that Islamic education is neither timelessly traditional nor medieval, but rather complex, evolving, and diverse in its institutions and practices. They reveal that a struggle for hearts and minds in Muslim lands started long before the Western media discovered madrasas, and that Islamic schools remain on its front line. Schooling Islam is the most comprehensive work available in any language on madrasas and Islamic education.

Religious Education in a Global-Local World

Author : Jenny Berglund
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319322893
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Religious Education in a Global-Local World by : Jenny Berglund

Download or read book Religious Education in a Global-Local World written by Jenny Berglund and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines Religious Education (RE) in over ten countries, including Australia, Indonesia, Mali, Russia, UK, Ireland, USA, and Canada. Investigating RE from a global and multi-interdisciplinary perspective, it presents research on the diverse past, present, and possible future forms of RE. In doing so, it enhances public and professional understanding of the complex issues and debates surrounding RE in the wider world. The volume emphasizes a student-centred approach, viewing any kind of ‘RE’, or its absence, as a formative lived experience for pupils. It stresses a bottom-up, sociological and ethnographic/anthropological research-based approach to the study of RE, rather than the ‘top down’ approaches which often start from prescriptive legal, ideological or religious standpoints. The twelve chapters in this volume regard RE as an entity that has multiple and contested meanings and interpretations that are constantly negotiated. For some, ‘RE’ means religious nurturing, either tailored to parental views or meant to inculcate a uniform religiosity. For others, RE means learning about the many religious and non-religious world-views and secular ethics that exist, not promoting one religion or another. Some seek to avoid the ambiguous term ‘religious education’, replacing it with terms such as ‘education about religions and beliefs’ or ‘the religious dimension of intercultural education’.

The Theory of Epistemic Rationality

Author : Richard Foley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Theory of Epistemic Rationality by : Richard Foley

Download or read book The Theory of Epistemic Rationality written by Richard Foley and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author gives a novel and provocative account of the nature of epistemic rationality.

The Philosophy of Science: N-Z, Index

Author : Sahotra Sarkar
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780415977104
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (771 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Science: N-Z, Index by : Sahotra Sarkar

Download or read book The Philosophy of Science: N-Z, Index written by Sahotra Sarkar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2006 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth reference to the field that combines scientific knowledge with philosophical inquiry, this encyclopedia brings together a team of leading scholars to provide nearly 150 entries on the essential concepts in the philosophy of science. The areas covered include biology, chemistry, epistemology and metaphysics, physics, psychology and mind, the social sciences, and key figures in the combined studies of science and philosophy. (Midwest).