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Rational Design Of High Temperature Water Gas Shift Catalysts With Non Toxic Earth Abundant Elements
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Book Synopsis Rational Design of High Temperature Water-Gas Shift Catalysts with Non-Toxic Earth-Abundant Elements by : Minghui Zhu
Download or read book Rational Design of High Temperature Water-Gas Shift Catalysts with Non-Toxic Earth-Abundant Elements written by Minghui Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The copper promoted chromium-iron oxide has for decades been used as the commercial catalyst for production of H2 via the High Temperature-Water Gas Shift reaction (HT-WGS). The wide operation temperature range, high activity and robust thermostability has made this catalyst the catalyst of choice for HT-WGS. The toxic nature of hexavalent chromium has motivated extensive research to develop non-chromium HT-WGS catalysts. The lack of fundamental understanding of this HT-WGS catalyst system (catalyst structure under working conditions, reaction mechanism and copper/chromium promotion mechanism), however, have hampered the developed of Cr-free catalysts.
Book Synopsis Water Gas Shift Reaction by : Panagiotis Smirniotis
Download or read book Water Gas Shift Reaction written by Panagiotis Smirniotis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Gas Shift Reaction: Research Developments and Applications outlines the importance of hydrogen as a future fuel, along with the various hydrogen production methods. The book explains the development of catalysts for Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction at different temperatures and steam/CO ratios, and also discussing the effect of different dopants on the WGS activity of iron oxide and the promotion and inhibition roles of the dopants on the WGS activity of iron oxide are explained. In addition, the book describes extensive characterization of modified ferrite catalysts, especially with Mossbauer spectroscopy and its advantage in understanding properties of metal doped ferrite catalysts, the exact dopant location, and its effect on electron hopping capability and WGS activity of Fe redox couple. - Outlines the importance of the Water Gas Shift Reaction and its application for hydrogen production - Provides detailed information on potential catalysts, their development, and their pros and cons, giving the reader insights on how modified ferrite catalysts work at different temperatures and different steam to CO ratios - Reviews hydrogen technology, its current importance, and production methods - Presents a clear presentation of the topics with many graphics and tables - Offers basic and advanced knowledge of catalysts characterization instrumental techniques
Book Synopsis Towards Rational Design of SILP Catalysts: A Water-gas Shift Reaction Case Study by : Vinzent Strobel
Download or read book Towards Rational Design of SILP Catalysts: A Water-gas Shift Reaction Case Study written by Vinzent Strobel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New and Future Developments in Catalysis by : Ping Liu
Download or read book New and Future Developments in Catalysis written by Ping Liu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Activity and Stability of Nanostructured Gold-cerium Oxide Catalysts for the Water-gas Shift Reaction by : Qi Fu
Download or read book Activity and Stability of Nanostructured Gold-cerium Oxide Catalysts for the Water-gas Shift Reaction written by Qi Fu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced low-temperature water-gas shift (LTS) catalysts of high activity and stability are under development to produce essentially CO-free hydrogen to feed PEM fuel cells for power generation. Materials based on nanocrystalline cerium oxide (ceria) are among the most promising LTS catalysts. Understanding the structural properties relationship with the WGS activity is fundamentally important in order to rational design the catalysts.
Book Synopsis Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis by : Antoni Llobet
Download or read book Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis written by Antoni Llobet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising strategy for capturing energy from the sun by coupling light harvesting and the oxidation of water, in order to create clean hydrogen fuel. Thus a deep knowledge of the water oxidation catalysis field is essential to be able to come up with useful energy conversion devices based on sunlight and water splitting. Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis: A Key Topic for New Sustainable Energy Conversion Schemes presents a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of water oxidation catalysis in homogeneous phase, describing in detail the most important catalysts discovered today based on first and second row transition metals. A strong emphasis is placed on the description of their performance, as well as how they work from a mechanistic perspective. In addition, a theoretical description of some of the most relevant catalysts based on DFT are presented, as well as a description of related natural systems, such as the oxygen evolving system of photosystem II and the heme chlorite-dismutase. This book is a valuable resource for researchers working on water oxidation catalysis, solar energy conversion and artificial photosynthesis, as well as for chemists and materials scientists with a broad interest in new sustainable energy conversion schemes.
Book Synopsis Toward the Rational Design of Asymmetric Catalysts Using Attractive Non-Covalent Interactions and Design Elements by : Andrew James Neel
Download or read book Toward the Rational Design of Asymmetric Catalysts Using Attractive Non-Covalent Interactions and Design Elements written by Andrew James Neel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High-temperature Water-gas Shift Reaction Over Cr-free Fe-Al Catalysts Promoted with First Row Transition Metals by : Sittichai Natesakhawat
Download or read book High-temperature Water-gas Shift Reaction Over Cr-free Fe-Al Catalysts Promoted with First Row Transition Metals written by Sittichai Natesakhawat and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Temperature Water Gas Shift Catalysts by : S. Benny
Download or read book High Temperature Water Gas Shift Catalysts written by S. Benny and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high-temperature (HT) Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction has considerable technological relevance for lowering CO content during the conversion of natural gas or liquid hydrocarbons to hydrogen. Conventional HT-WGS catalysts based on oxides of iron and chromium are well established industrially. However, it is crucial to remove any impurities present such as Cr6+, S or N during the catalytic process. In particular, Cr6+ is regarded as a Class I carcinogen and its presence is restricted by EU legislation. Even though Cr6+ is reduced during the catalytic process, caution must still be taken to eliminate any further impurities. Hence, it is desirable to identify alternative promoters and develop a Cr-free HT-WGS catalyst. This thesis presents results obtained using atomistic simulation techniques to investigate the effect of Cr3+ and possible alternative dopants in three important iron oxide materials, Hematite ([alpha]-Fe2O3), Maghemite ([gamma]-Fe2O3) and Magnetite (Fe3O4). The starting point is to develop an understanding of the structural properties and distribution of Cr3+ on the bulk and surface material of hematite. The critical stage of understanding the role of Cr3+ provides the basis from which criteria for novel dopants can be assessed. Al3+ and Mn3+ are proposed as the promising candidates on the basis of this study. The research has been extended to other complex iron oxides, such as maghemite and magnetite. In summary, the role of chromium in the HT-WGS reaction has been investigated to establish criteria for effective, alternative promoter dopants. This investigation has provided a detailed insight into the atomic level behaviour of Cr3+, Mn3+, Al3+ impurities in three major iron oxide phases. The alternative dopants predicted in this study have been the subject of parallel experimental studies conducted by Johnson Matthey. The results of this study are already benefiting the design of more efficient iron-oxide catalysts for the HT-WGS reaction.
Book Synopsis Active Site Models for High Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction Over Iron Oxide Catalysts by : Rainee VanNatter
Download or read book Active Site Models for High Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction Over Iron Oxide Catalysts written by Rainee VanNatter and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum chemical calculations and microkinetic modeling were carried out to study the water gas shift reaction over iron oxide catalysts. Cluster models corresponding to potential active sites on (100), (110), and (111) surfaces of an Fe3O4 crystal were generated, and the mechanistic thermochemistry of water-gas shift studied by computational chemistry using these model surfaces. At the same time, microkinetic modelling was being used to study various proposed water gas shift mechanisms. These two sets of information were then compared to discriminate between potential reaction mechanisms and catalyst surface structures. Further studies were carried out with copper promoted catalyst clusters in an attempt to see if the clusters would predict the effect of copper on the reaction kinetics.
Book Synopsis Catalyst Handbook by : Martyn V. Twigg
Download or read book Catalyst Handbook written by Martyn V. Twigg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book bridges the gap between theory and practice. It provides fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis and the practicalities of the catalysts and processes used in producing ammonia, hydrogen and methanol via hydrocarbon steam reforming. It also covers the oxidation reactions in making formaldehyde from methanol, nitric acid from ammonia and sulphuric acid from sulphur dioxide. Designed for use in the chemical industry and by those in teaching, research and the study of industrial catalysts and catalytic processes. Students will also find this book extremely useful for obtaining practical information not available in more conventional textbooks.
Book Synopsis Design of Active, Stable, and Earth-abundant Acidic Oxygen Evolution Catalysts by : Michael Huynh (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Design of Active, Stable, and Earth-abundant Acidic Oxygen Evolution Catalysts written by Michael Huynh (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar-driven electrochemical splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen is crucial for the production of inexpensive, sustainable, and carbon-neutral fuels for future global energy requirements. Of the two half-reactions for water splitting, developing catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a challenge because orchestrating the coupled transfer of four protons and four electrons is kinetically demanding. Currently, inexpensive and active OER catalysts comprised of earth-abundant elements from cobalt and nickel oxides operate in neutral and alkaline pH. These same systems corrode under acidic conditions, which is a regime important for electrolyzers and photoelectrochemical devices as well as for fundamental mechanistic studies. In this thesis, we iteratively design an active, stable, and earth-abundant acidic oxygen evolution catalyst through multiple generations. The first version focused on an electrodeposited manganese oxide (MnOx) catalyst that is stable in acid but exhibits low OER activity. Kinetic and mechanistic analysis on deposition and oxygen evolution mechanisms show that its stability manifests from strong manganese-oxygen bonds and self-healing. The second generation system improved activity while retaining acid stability by activating MnOx through a voltage cycling protocol. Structural studies show that activation induces a lower bulk manganese oxidation state and turbostratic disorder. This catalyst architecture was redesigned in the third iteration as a mixed metal oxide where functionality is decoupled into separate metals: Co was employed as the catalytic element while Mn served as the structural component. These CoMnOx films demonstrate the facile OER kinetics of Co and the acid corrosion resistance of Mn. However, these films cannot operate at high potentials since Mn dissolves as permanganate. Thus in our final fourth generation catalyst, we replaced the structural component with lead (doped with iron), an optimization discovered by potential-pH analysis. These CoFePbOx films exhibit ~70 mV/decade Tafel slopes and long-term stability at 1 mA/cm2 in pH 2.5, operating at only 200 mV higher overpotential than iridium oxide. Overall, we demonstrate the ability to rationally modify and design an active, stable, and earth-abundant oxygen evolution catalyst.
Book Synopsis Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Environmental Materials and Their Industrial Utilization by : Enver Murad
Download or read book Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Environmental Materials and Their Industrial Utilization written by Enver Murad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Environmental Materials and their Industrial Utilization provides a description of the properties of materials formed on the earth's surface, their synthetic analogs where applicable, and the products of their modifications in the course of natural processes, such as weathering, or in industrial processing as reflected in their Mössbauer spectra. Particular emphasis is placed on the way in which these processes can be observed and elucidated through the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The first chapter covers the basic theory of the Mössbauer effect and Chapters 2 and 3 deal with the nuts and bolts of experimental Mössbauer spectroscopy. The principles of these first three chapters, illustrated with many case studies, are applied to different areas of interest in Chapters 4 through 12. The book is directed to a broad audience ranging from graduate students in environmental sciences or chemical engineering with little or no expertise in Mössbauer spectroscopy to researchers from other disciplines who are familiar with this technique but wish to learn more about possible applications to environmental materials and issues.
Book Synopsis Computational Electrochemistry by : S. Paddison
Download or read book Computational Electrochemistry written by S. Paddison and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2015-12-28 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Water Splitting by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Electrochemical Water Splitting written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aiming at the generation of hydrogen from water, electrochemical water splitting represents a promising clean technology for generating a renewable energy resource. The book reviews the fundamental aspects and describes recent research advances. Properties and characterization methods for various types of electrocatalysts are discussed, including noble metals, earth-abundant metals, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanomaterials and polymers. Keywords: Electrochemical Water Splitting, Renewable Energy Resource, Electrocatalysts, Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), Noble Metal Catalysts, Earth-Abundant Metal Catalysts, MOF Catalysts, Carbon-based Nanocatalysts, Polymer Catalysts, Transition Metal-based Electrocatalysts, Fe-based Electrocatalysts, Co-based Electrocatalysts, Ni-based Electrocatalysts, Metal Free Catalysts, Transition-Metal Chalcogenides, Prussian Blue Analogues.
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Ammonia Production by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Sustainable Ammonia Production written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents sustainable synthetic pathways and modern applications of ammonia. It focuses on the production of ammonia using various catalytic systems and its use in fuel cells, membrane, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors. The book highlights the history, investigation, and development of sustainable pathways for ammonia production, current challenges, and state-of-the-art reviews. While discussing industrial applications, it fills the gap between laboratory research and viable applications in large-scale production.
