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Author : B. Chehroudi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Raman Scattering Measurements in the Initial Region of Sub- and Supercritical Jets written by B. Chehroudi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Raman Scattering Measurement in the Initial Region of Sub- and Supercritical Jets written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high-pressure chamber is used to investigate and further enhance our knowledge and physical understanding on effects of thermodynamical subcritical-to-supercritical transition of ambient condition on cryogenic liquid injection using two-dimensional scattering. Pure liquid N2 is injected into N2. The injector is a 508-micron diameter straight hole having a long length-to-diameter ratio of 100. The optical setup uses a pulsed Nd:Yag laser frequency-doubled to 532 nm. Difficulties arise with optical breakdown of the N2 molecules in drops and ligaments by local focusing of the laser beam dominating the Raman signal particularly at sub- and near-critical regions. The severity of this problem is reduced by stretching the laser pulse width using a double-loop design with mirrors and beam splitters. Careful and painstaking alignment is needed to take advantage of this pulse-stretcher design. Two-dimensional images are taken near the injector and results interpreted in terms of density plots. At subcritical ambient conditions a small number of images are needed for averaging and strong Raman signal is obtained.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit: 2000-3350 - 2000-3399 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nasser Ashgriz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441972641
Total Pages : 922 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Atomization and Sprays written by Nasser Ashgriz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-18 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomization and sprays are used in a wide range of industries: mechanical, chemical, aerospace, and civil engineering; material science and metallurgy; food; pharmaceutical, forestry, environmental protection; medicine; agriculture; meteorology and others. Some specific applications are spray combustion in furnaces, gas turbines and rockets, spray drying and cooling, air conditioning, powdered metallurgy, spray painting and coating, inhalation therapy, and many others. The Handbook of Atomization and Sprays will bring together the fundamental and applied material from all fields into one comprehensive source. Subject areas included in the reference are droplets, theoretical models and numerical simulations, phase Doppler particle analysis, applications, devices and more.
Author : Cheng-Yuan Pai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Raman Scattering Measurements in an Opposed Jet Flame written by Cheng-Yuan Pai and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter K. Allex
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Density Measurements Using Raman Scattering Photometry in Supercritical Water written by Peter K. Allex and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Benjamin Nathan Cohen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)
Download or read book Multiscalar Line Measurements in Nonisobaric High-pressure Underexpanded Supersonic Jets Using Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy written by Benjamin Nathan Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work describes the development of a Raman spectroscopy system for measuring aerothermochemistry in high-speed jets and flames. A transmissive grating spectrometer was newly developed for capturing pure rotational Raman and rotationalvibrational Raman with a single CCD camera. Previous state-of-the-art experiments applied line imagining in known flowfields of constant pressure. The system described herein is designed to provide local measurement of pressure, with full thermochemistry, along a line. In every point, temperature will be measured by examining the Boltzmann decay of the rotational spectrum, while molar fraction will be measured from the vibrational Raman spectrum. The temperature and concentrations will then be combined to obtain partial pressure measurements via the equation of state. This work examines the phenomenology of rotational and vibrational Raman scattering and proposes algorithms that can be used for data extraction.
Author : Young Man An
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (229 download)
Download or read book Raman Scattering Study of Supercritical Bi-component Mixtures Injected Into a Subcritical Environment written by Young Man An and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Heath Heinrich Reising
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Application of Spontaneous Raman Scattering for Measurements of Thermal Non-equilibrium in High-speed Mixing and Combustion written by Heath Heinrich Reising and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixing-induced vibrational non-equilibrium is studied in the turbulent shear layer between a high-speed jet and a surrounding hot-air coflow. The vibrational and rotational temperatures of N2 and O2 are determined by fitting measured spontaneous Raman scattering spectra to a model that allows for different equilibrium distributions of the vibrational and rotational states. The mixing of the jet fluid with the coflow gases occurs over microsecond time scales, which is sufficiently fast to induce vibrational non-equilibrium in the mixture of hot and cold gases. I measured the non-equilibrium on the hot side of the shear layer, but not on the cold side where the vibrational population in the first hot band is negligible. The effect of fluctuating temperatures on the time-averaged Raman measurement was quantified using single-shot Rayleigh thermometry. The Raman scattering results were found to be insensitive to fluctuations except where the flame is present intermittently. It was also found that the measured non-equilibrium increases in the shear layer when N2 is removed from the jet fluid, indicating that the measurements average two competing processes that occur simultaneously at a molecular scale: vibrationally hot N2 cooled by the fast jet fluid and vibrationally cold jet fluid heated by a hot coflow. An interesting inference is that the averaging effect is always present, regardless of the measurement resolution. No measurable vibrational non-equilibrium is found in the O2 molecules in the same non-reacting regions. This difference between species temperatures violates the two-temperature assumption often used in the modeling of high-temperature non-equilibrium flow. A new technique was developed to obtain spontaneous Raman scattering temperature measurements from a single laser pulse. This technique required the construction of a multiple-pass cell to obtain adequate scattered signal. Additionally, the pulse was stretched temporally with a system of partial reflectors and time-flight-delay ring cavities in order to reduce the peak power of the 1 J laser pulses. These measurements were found to be in agreement with the previous time-average results and allowed for measurement to be made near the fluctuating base of a lifted flame – a region where time-averaged measurements do not give meaningful results.
Author : Alexander C Bayeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)
Download or read book Rotational and Vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Thermochemistry Measurements in Supersonic Flames written by Alexander C Bayeh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High speed chemically reacting flows are important in a variety of aerospace applications, namely ramjets, scramjets, afterburners, and rocket exhausts. To study flame extinction under similar high Mach number conditions, we need access to thermochemistry measurements in supersonic environments. In the current work a two-stage miniaturized combustor has been designed that can produce open supersonic methane-air flames amenable to laser diagnostics. The first stage is a vitiation burner, and was inspired by well-known principles of jet combustors. We explored the salient parameters of operation experimentally, and verified flame holding computationally using a well-stirred reactor model. The second stage of the burner generates an external supersonic flame, operating in premixed and partially premixed modes. The very high Mach numbers present in the supersonic flames should provide a useful test bed for the examination of flame suppression and extinction using laser diagnostics. We also present the development of new line imaging diagnostics for thermochemistry measurements in high speed flows. A novel combination of vibrational and rotational Raman scattering is used to measure major species densities (O2, N2, CH4, H2O,CO2, CO, & H2) and temperature. Temperature is determined by the rotational Raman technique by comparing measured rotational spectra to simulated spectra based on the measured chemical composition. Pressure is calculated from density and temperature measurements through the ideal gas law. The independent assessment of density and temperature allows for measurements in environments where the pressure is not known a priori. In the present study we applied the diagnostics to laboratory scale supersonic air and vitiation jets, and examine the feasibility of such measurements in reacting supersonic flames. Results of full thermochemistry were obtained for the air and vitiation jets that reveal the expected structure of an under-expanded jet. Centerline traces of density, temperature, and pressure of the air jet agree well with computations, while measurements of chemical composition for the vitiation flow also agree well with predicted equilibrium values. Finally, we apply the new diagnostics to the exhaust of the developed burner, and show the first ever results for density, temperature, and pressure, as well as chemical composition in a supersonic flame. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151043
Author : John Walter Parish
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Temporal and Spatial Correlation Measurements of Rayleigh and Rotational Raman Scattering in Axisymmetric Jets Using a Two-pulsed-laser Technique written by John Walter Parish and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George A. Pubanz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (151 download)
Download or read book Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy in Supersonic Jets written by George A. Pubanz and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The techniques of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) and inverse Raman spectroscopy (IRS) are used to examine carbon dioxide aggregation in a supersonic jet expansion. To promote the formation of small clusters, a BMW injector valve is modified to permit its use as a pulsed nozzle at very cold temperatures. This results in a substantial enhancement in the concentration of small aggregates and permits an analysis of relative spectral intensities as a function of initial temperature, pressure and composition. CARS probing of CO2 in jets reveals several new peaks in the region of the Fermi doublet, v1 and 2v2, which appear only in the cold, highly condensing conditions of the expansion. This study focuses upon several peaks which are red shifted from the 1285.5 cm−1, vi monomer peak. The dependence of the relative peak intensities upon initial temperature and CO2 concentration along with the relative shift from the monomer has enabled assignment of peaks at 1281.3 cm−1, 1278.7 cm−1 and 1275.3 cm−1 to the dimer, trimer and higher polymers respectively. The dimer structure has been the subject of much controversy and the present results are enlightening in this regard. The CARS dimer peak is shifted -4.1 cm−1 from the monomer resonance and comparison with a published infrared spectrum, showing a dimer band with a -0.7 cm−1 shift, shows that the dimer adheres to the rule of mutual exclusion and must therefore, have a structure with a center of symmetry. Earlier experimental and theoretical studies gave conflicting evidence for one of two structures, a T-shaped configuration with C2v symmetry and an offset parallel structure with C2h symmetry. Since only the C2h form has a center of symmetry, it is concluded that the most stable arrangement for the dimer of CO2 is the nonpolar, offset parallel structure. The Fermi doublet of CO2 is also used to characterize the performance of a new high resolution IRS spectrometer assembled as part of this thesis work. A pulse amplified, actively stabilized ring dye laser provides the Stokes beam for IRS studies while the probe beam is a chopped single-mode Ar ion laser. Almost completely resolved static and jet spectra of the v1 Q branch of CO2 are reported and an instrumental resolution of 0.0033 cm−1 is determined.
Author : L. L. Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Laser Raman Scattering Measurements of Differential Diffusion in Non-reacting and Reacting Laminar and Turbulent Jet Flows written by L. L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1302 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book AIAA Journal written by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
