Raf Tornado Units In Combat 1992 2019

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RAF Tornado Units in Combat 1992-2019

Author : Michael Napier
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472850254
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis RAF Tornado Units in Combat 1992-2019 by : Michael Napier

Download or read book RAF Tornado Units in Combat 1992-2019 written by Michael Napier and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-01-20 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the Gulf War of 1990, No Fly Zones (NFZ) were established over northern and southern Iraq and the Tornado GR 1 force stepped up to operations over the southern NFZ. The Tornado GR 4 took responsibility for RAF combat air operations in Afghanistan from the Harrier force in 2009, and in 2011 was involved in missions against the Gaddafi regime in Libya. The unique multirole capabilities of the aircraft enabled it to support ground operations with the Raptor reconnaissance pod, Brimstone missiles and Paveway IV laser-guided bombs until withdrawal in 2014. The Tornado GR 4 was also used for operations over Iraq and Syria against the ISIL terrorist organisation. Intensive air operations were flown between 2014 and 2019, when the Tornado GR 4 was finally withdrawn from RAF Service. This volume, written by former RAF pilot Michael Napier, provides detailed first-hand accounts of the missions undertaken by the Tornado crews during the most recent conflicts over the Middle East and the Balkans.

Harrier GR 7/9 Units in Combat

Author : Michael Napier
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472857607
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Harrier GR 7/9 Units in Combat by : Michael Napier

Download or read book Harrier GR 7/9 Units in Combat written by Michael Napier and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-11-23 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Former RAF Tornado pilot Michael Napier chronicles the action-packed history of the Harrier GR 7/9, and its missions in West Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East and Afghanistan over a 14-year period of ceaseless operations. The Harrier GR 7/9 was at the 'tip of the spear' for the RAF when it came to employing weapons against well-equipped standing armies and irregular forces in the 1990s and during the first decade of the new millennium. Assigned to the Harrier GR 7/9 Force, the aircraft undertook No Fly Zone patrols over northern Iraq, supported UN forces in the Balkans and embarked in Royal Navy carriers to bolster the RAF presence ashore in the Arabian Gulf. Harrier GR 7s also flew from HMS Illustrious over Sierra Leone in 2000 and were involved in the second Gulf War during early 2003 acting as Close Air Support for Coalition forces. Using first-hand accounts from his extensive Service contacts, supported by both official and personal photographs and 30 artwork profiles illustrating the wide range of colours worn and ordnance employed by the 'jump jet', Michael Napier provides a rare insider's look at the deployment of Harrier GR 7/9 up to its withdrawal from RAF service in 2010. Moreover, Napier also covers the numerous upgrades received by the aircraft over the years, from more powerful engines to the creation of the GR 9/9A variants in 2005.

Operation Allied Force 1999

Author : Brian D. Laslie
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472860314
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Operation Allied Force 1999 by : Brian D. Laslie

Download or read book Operation Allied Force 1999 written by Brian D. Laslie and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A focused, illustrated history and analysis of perhaps the most complete air power victory in modern times, NATO's war against Serbian forces over Kosovo. On the night of March 24, 1999, NATO forces began military action to stop Serbia's campaign of repression during the Kosovo War. Initially planned to be a 72-hour operation, it took 78 days of sustained air warfare for Operation Allied Force to cause Slobodan Milosevic to withdraw his forces. Despite such setbacks as the loss of an F-117 stealth fighter and the bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, Allied Force ended with perhaps the most complete airpower victory of modern times. However, there is a dearth of written histories on NATO's air war over Kosovo. In this book Dr Brian D. Laslie, one of the leading scholars of modern air power operations, offers a complete history of the campaign, based on a wide range of primary and secondary sources. Although predominantly a USAF effort, the campaign also featured multinational contributions as well as significant naval aviation. Using spectacular original battlescenes, maps and 3D diagrams, Dr Laslie examines the aircraft, weapons and doctrine used, the Serbian air defenses, how the Allied forces planned and launched their air campaign, and how NATO had to rapidly adapt its initial plans to achieve success.

RAF Tornado Units of Gulf War I

Author : Michael Napier
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472845102
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis RAF Tornado Units of Gulf War I by : Michael Napier

Download or read book RAF Tornado Units of Gulf War I written by Michael Napier and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the Gulf Crisis of 1990 was triggered by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the RAF responded by sending Tornado F 3 fighters to Saudi Arabia to help defend the country against further aggression. These aircraft were followed by the deployment of Tornado GR 1 strike/attack aircraft to Bahrain. Eventually three wings of Tornado GR 1s were established in Bahrain, Tabuk and Dhahran, as well as a detachment of Tornado GR 1A reconnaissance aircraft. At the start of hostilities in January 1991, the Tornado GR 1 wings carried out night-low-level attacks against Iraqi Main Operating Bases using the JP233 runway denial weapon. Meanwhile, Combat Air Patrols from the Tornado F 3 wing ensured the integrity of Saudi airspace. Once air supremacy had been established, the Tornado GR 1 force moved to medium-level operations, initially by night and later by day, to attack the Iraqi oil production and storage infrastructure. The arrival in theatre of a laser designation capability with Pave Spike/Buccaneer and TIALD/Tornado enabled precision attacks against the Iraq transport system to cut off the frontline troops from resupply and reinforcement and then to carry out a systematic destruction of the airfield facilities. Tornado GR 1A reconnaissance operations played a major role in the location of Scud missile launchers and in the planning and execution of the land offensive. Throughout the conflict, the Tornado F 3 wing at Dhahran carried out defensive counter-air operations to ensure the safety of the base areas. This volume, publishing 30 years after the conflict to free Kuwait, provides detailed first-hand accounts of the missions undertaken by the Tornado crews. It is illustrated by photographs taken by aircrew involved in the operation and includes 30 newly commissioned profile artworks and detailed nose art views of the aircraft ranged against Iraq.

Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units in Combat

Author : Tom Cooper
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782007091
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units in Combat by : Tom Cooper

Download or read book Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units in Combat written by Tom Cooper and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: So formidable an opponent did the Iraqi airforce consider the F-14 that during the Iran-Iraq war, they ordered their pilots not to engage F-14s and the presence of one in an area was usually enough to empty it of Iraqi aircraft. Officially losses where tiny; only one F-14 was lost in aerial combat (to a MiG-21), one to a control problem and one downed by a ground-to-air missile. This book looks at the F-14's Iranian combat history and includes first hand accounts from the pilots themselves. It will consider key engagements and the central figures involved, illustrating the realities, successes and failures of the Iranian air campaign.

The RAF in Cold War Germany

Author : Ian Smith Watson
Publisher : Fonthill Media
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The RAF in Cold War Germany by : Ian Smith Watson

Download or read book The RAF in Cold War Germany written by Ian Smith Watson and published by Fonthill Media. This book was released on 2022-08-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In May 1945 with the war in Europe at an end, Britain had to play her part in the occupation of the defeated Germany. The near-bankrupt country was hard-pressed to maintain such a military presence on the continent and still manage our other out commitments across the Mediterranean, Middle and Far East. As the immediate post-war years came to pass, Britain and other western powers found themselves reviewing their relationship with the key victor in the east: the USSR. A defining moment came in 1948 when the Soviet Union attempted to starve the people of West Berlin to the point of being relinquished to their fate by the Western allies. Following a sterling and stubborn effort to keep the city supplied with the minimum materials and food the Soviet exercise ended in 1949. But the parameters were now set, the Iron Curtain had descended across the continent, and the RAF were to maintain a constant vigil with nuclear-armed aircraft on station ready to respond to Soviet aggression for the next four decades while politicians tried desperately to preserve the peace.

B-24 Liberator Units of the Pacific War

Author : Robert F Dorr
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782009000
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis B-24 Liberator Units of the Pacific War by : Robert F Dorr

Download or read book B-24 Liberator Units of the Pacific War written by Robert F Dorr and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever present in the Pacific from Pearl Harbor to VJ-Day, the B-24 Liberator proved to be the staple heavy bomber of the campaign. From its ignominious beginnings in the Allied rout in the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies, this illustrated volume explores how the bomber weathered the Japanese storm with a handful of bomb groups, which played a crucial role in checking the enemy's progress firstly in New Guinea, and then actively participating in the 'island hopping' campaign through the south-west Pacific.

Tornado GR1

Author : Michael John W. Napier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781473873056
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Tornado GR1 by : Michael John W. Napier

Download or read book Tornado GR1 written by Michael John W. Napier and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Replacing the Vulcan, Buccaneer and Jaguar in the front line of the Cold War, the remarkable swing-winged Tornado GR1 provided Britains strike capability in the last years of the Cold War in the 1980s, equipping some 10 RAF squadrons. During the Gulf War, Tornado GR1 crews led Britains contribution to Coalition operations against Iraq, and in the subsequent years Tornado GR1s were involved almost continuously in operations over Iraq. In 1999 the Tornado GR1 force carried out offensive missions over Kosovo as part of NATO operations in the Balkans.The Tornado GR1s Terrain Following Radar gave the aircraft a unique capability: it was the first RAF aircraft to have the ability to operate at low-level at night and in all-weathers. The incredible flexibility of both the aircraft and its crews was demonstrated by the successful switch to medium-level operations using laser-guided weapons after the Cold War.Produced in the same style format as Javelin: An Operational History (which approaches the subject from the perspective of the RAF squadrons which operated the aircraft), Tornado GR1: An Operational History describes in detail the accomplishments and day-to-day workings of the operational RAF Tornado GR1 units in the UK, Germany, the Middle East and across the globe. The book is underpinned by research from original official documents, augmented by the personal accounts by Tornado air- and ground-crews. It is richly illustrated throughout with photographs of the aircraft.

Phantom in the Cold War

Author : David Gledhill
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1526704102
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Phantom in the Cold War by : David Gledhill

Download or read book Phantom in the Cold War written by David Gledhill and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An RAF veteran presents an in-depth study of one of the Cold War’s most effective fighter, defense, and reconnaissance planes. The McDonnell Douglas F4 Phantom was a true multi-role combat aircraft. Introduced into the Royal Air Force in 1968, it was employed in ground attack, air reconnaissance and air defense roles. Even after the arrival of the Jaguar in the early 1970s, it continued to play a significant role in air defense. In its heyday, the Phantom was Britain’s principal Cold War fighter. There were seven UK-based squadrons, two Germany-based squadrons, and a further Squadron deployed to the Falkland Islands. Phantom in the Cold War focuses on the aircraft’s role as an air defense fighter, exploring its contribution to the Second Allied Tactical Air Force at RAF Wildenrath during the Cold War. Author David Gledhill, who flew the Phantom operationally, also recounts the thrills, challenges, and consequences of operating this temperamental jet at extreme low-level over the West German countryside, preparing for a war which everyone hoped would never happen.

Tornado

Author : John Nichol
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1471180549
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (711 download)

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Book Synopsis Tornado by : John Nichol

Download or read book Tornado written by John Nichol and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Former Tornado Navigator John Nichol tells the incredible story of the RAF Tornado force during the First Gulf War in 1991; the excitement and the danger, the fear and the losses. It is an extraordinary account of courage and fortitude. ‘We were doing about 620 miles-per-hour, 200 feet above the desert, in total darkness. Everything was running on rails as we approached the target. Then all hell broke loose. I remember the missile being fired at us; I broke left and shouted, “Chaff!” ‘All I could see was a flame, like a very large firework, coming towards me. Then there was a huge white flash. I remember an enormous wind and then I was knocked unconscious. My last thoughts were that I was going to die.’ In 1990, Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighbouring Kuwait, setting in motion a chain of events that had unimaginable political, military and personal repercussions, which still reverberate around the globe today. This is the story of the aircrew at the heart of Operation Desert Storm, almost none of whom had any prior experience of armed combat. It is the story of the Tornado’s missions, of those who did not return - and of the families who watched and waited as one of the most complex conflicts in recent history unfolded live on television. It is a story of untold fear and suffering, and astounding courage in the face of hitherto unimaginable adversity.

The Royal Air Force

Author : Michael Napier
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 147282539X
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis The Royal Air Force by : Michael Napier

Download or read book The Royal Air Force written by Michael Napier and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fully illustrated history of the Royal Air Force while on operations, publishing to mark the centenary of its foundation in World War I. The world's first independent air force, the Royal Air Force celebrates its centenary in 2018. In the 100 years since the end of World War I, the service has been involved in almost continuous operations around the globe, giving the RAF the longest and most wide-ranging history of any air force in the world. But over the years this history has also become entangled with myths. The Royal Air Force: A Centenary of Operations sets the record straight, dispelling these as it uncovers – in both words and photographs – the true exploits and accomplishments of RAF personnel over the last 100 years. From its formation as an independent service in the dying days of World War I, its desperate fight against the Axis air forces in World War II, to its commitments during both the Cold War and modern times, this is the complete story of how the RAF has defended Britain for a century.

Victor Units of the Cold War

Author : Andrew Brookes
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781849083393
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Victor Units of the Cold War by : Andrew Brookes

Download or read book Victor Units of the Cold War written by Andrew Brookes and published by Osprey Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the three jet bombers that formed the RAF's V-Force in the early years of the Cold War (1946-1991), the Victor was perhaps the most technologically advanced. First flown on December 24, 1952, the Victor entered service in B 1 configuration in November 1957. Further improvements were introduced with the B 2, which was optimized for high altitude. Most B 2s were equipped to carry the Blue Steel stand-off missile, but eight were modified in the strategic reconnaissance role because the Victor 2 was then the longest-ranging aircraft in the RAF. The Victor ceased to be a low-level bomber after the nuclear mission was taken over by the Royal Navy's Polaris submarine force in the late 1960s. Thereafter, Victor 1s and 2s continued in frontline service as airborne tankers, supporting operations such as the Falklands War and the Gulf War until the last Victor flight took place on November 30, 1993.

A Cold War Fighter Pilot in Peacetime and War

Author : Derek J. Sharp
Publisher : Fonthill Media
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Cold War Fighter Pilot in Peacetime and War by : Derek J. Sharp

Download or read book A Cold War Fighter Pilot in Peacetime and War written by Derek J. Sharp and published by Fonthill Media. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: — Historically rich in detail with previously unpublished photographs — A must-have for military enthusiasts, historians, modellers and those interested in the complexities of aircraft design and manoeuvres during the Cold War — A fascinating and eye-opening memoir that will appeal to fliers and non-fliers alike on how to fly the fastest jets in the RAF This is the remarkable and true story of Squadron Leader Derek J. Sharp and his incredible adventures. Nothing perhaps was more astonishing than his survival after striking a mallard duck at 500 mph and his subsequent return to pilot in command. That he survived to the age of thirty was astonishing; that he continued unashamedly on to a ripe old age was nothing short of a miracle. Conceivably, he followed the advice written on a fridge magnet in his kitchen: ‘Never drive faster than your guardian angel can fly’. This fascinating book follows the adventures of Sharp from schoolboy to highly respected aviator. He flew fighters and nuclear bombers, finally seeing action in the first Gulf War flying defenceless transport jets close to the Iraq border. Sharp consequently survived Saddam Hussein’s Scuds and American Patriot missiles – ‘friendly fire’ aimed directly at the author. He flew Her Majesty The Queen and lived in a time long before political correctness, the breathalyser and motorcar safety checks. He achieved all that he set out to do, and more. That would undoubtedly be his epitaph…

In Cold War Skies

Author : Michael Napier
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472836898
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis In Cold War Skies by : Michael Napier

Download or read book In Cold War Skies written by Michael Napier and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the second half of the 20th century, international relations across the globe were dominated by the Cold War. From 1949 until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, US and Soviet strategic forces were deployed across the Arctic Ocean in North America and Northern Russia, while the best-equipped armed forces that the world had ever seen faced each other directly across the 'Iron Curtain' in Europe. In Cold War Skies examines the air power of the major powers both at a strategic and at a tactical level throughout the 40 years of the Cold War. In this fascinating book, acclaimed historian Michael Napier looks at each decade of the war in turn, examining the deployment of strategic offensive and defensive forces in North America and Northern Russia as well as the situation in Europe. He details the strategic forces and land-based tactical aircraft used by the air forces of the USA, USSR, NATO, Warsaw Pact countries and the European non-aligned nations. He also describes the aircraft types in the context of the units that operated them and the roles in which they were used. The text is supported by a wide range of first-hand accounts of operational flying during the Cold War, as well as numerous high-quality images.

Combat Search and Rescue in Desert Storm

Author : Donald Whitcomb
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781478362357
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Combat Search and Rescue in Desert Storm by : Donald Whitcomb

Download or read book Combat Search and Rescue in Desert Storm written by Donald Whitcomb and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After Southeast Asia, analysts and force planners came to the realization that there was a fundamental difference between search and rescue (SAR) in a permissive area and in an area that was not permissive (i.e., under enemy control). This second condition is now called combat search and rescue or CSAR. At the time of Desert Storm, the two forms of rescue were defined thusly: Search and Rescue (SAR): Use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, personnel, and equipment to locate and recover personnel in distress on land or at sea. Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR): A specialized SAR task performed by rescue-capable forces to effect recovery of distressed personnel from hostile territory during contingency operations or wartime.2 The development of this rescue capability has been well established. Dr. Robert Futrell documented our efforts in Korea in The United States Air Force in Korea, 1950-1953. His work was followed by Dr. Earl Tilford's Search and Rescue in South east Asia, which eloquently chronicled the heroic efforts of the rescue crews in that conflict who brought back literally thousands of airmen. It extensively documented what is now considered the "golden age" of rescue. This work is meant to follow in those traditions and will focus on our CSAR efforts in the Persian Gulf War of 1991, or more specifically, the period of Operation Desert Storm, 17 January to 28 February 1991. Overall, CSAR in Desert Storm appears to have been a mixed bag. Because of advances in precision weaponry, Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, countermeasures, and training, relatively few coalition aircraft were shot down. Forty-three coalition aircraft were lost in combat, most over high-threat areas. Eighty-seven coalition airmen, soldiers, sailors, and marines were isolated in enemy or neutral territory. Of that total, 48 were killed, one is still listed as missing, 24 were immediately captured, and 14 were exposed in enemy territory. Of those who survived, most landed in areas controlled by enemy troops. Of the few actually rescueable, six were not rescued for a variety of reasons, but primarily because of limitations in CENTAF's ability to locate them accurately and in a timely manner.

Tornado Over the Tigris

Author : Michael Napier
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 147384567X
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Tornado Over the Tigris by : Michael Napier

Download or read book Tornado Over the Tigris written by Michael Napier and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2015-07-31 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Royal Air Force pilot recounts his service flying Tornados over Cold War-era Germany and post-Gulf War Iraq in this thrilling military memoir. After achieving a boyhood ambition to qualify as an RAF pilot, Michael Napier was posted to RAF Bruggen in Germany where he spent five years flying Tornado GR1s at the height of the Cold War. Always exhilarating and often dangerous, Michael Napier’s Tornado flying ranged from ‘routine’ low-flying in continental Europe and the UK to air combat maneuvering in Sardinia and the ultra-realistic Red Flag exercises in the United States. From a struggling first-tourist to a respected four-ship leader, Napier became an instructor at the Tactical Weapons Unit at RAF Chivenor. He later returned to flying the Tornado at Bruggen as a Flight Commander shortly after the Gulf War, flying a number of operational sorties over Iraq, which included leading air-strikes against Iraqi air defense installations as part of major Coalition operations. With candor and vivid detail, Napier offers an insider’s look at one of the RAF’s legendary, now retired, Torando aircraft.

Vickers Wellington Units of Bomber Command

Author : Michael Napier
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472840739
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Vickers Wellington Units of Bomber Command by : Michael Napier

Download or read book Vickers Wellington Units of Bomber Command written by Michael Napier and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Vickers Wellington was one of very few aircraft types to have been in production and frontline service throughout World War II, and more than 10,000 Wellingtons were built in the period. They took part in the first RAF bombing mission of the conflict when, on 4 September 1939, 14 examples from Nos 9 and 149 Sqns undertook a daring daylight attack on the Kiel Canal. However, after suffering high losses on follow-up raids, Wellingtons were withdrawn from daytime missions and began to operate at night from May 1940. They subsequently took part in raids against the Italian port city of Genoa in July 1940, and against Berlin the following month, followed by key missions in the 'Battle of the Barges' in September and October, as the RAF targeted the Germany's invasion fleet being assembled in French Channel ports. When RAF's strike force expanded the next year following the introduction of the improved Wellington II, the 21 squadrons equipped with the Vickers aircraft, which included Polish-, Canadian- and Australian-manned units, formed the backbone of the Bomber Command night bombing force. Over the next two years Wellingtons participated in all the major operations by Bomber Command, including the daylight raid against German battleships in Brest harbour in July 1942 and the first three 'Thousand Bomber' raids in the summer of 1942. This illustrated study explores the design, development, and deployment of the Vickers-Wellington type, charting its role in World War II from its earliest missions to its use in training after its withdrawal from frontline bomber missions in 1943. The text is supported by stunning full-colour artwork.