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Racism In Brazil Inequality In Educational Opportunities And Social Mobility
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Book Synopsis Racism in Brazil: Inequality in Educational Opportunities and Social Mobility by : Neil Turner
Download or read book Racism in Brazil: Inequality in Educational Opportunities and Social Mobility written by Neil Turner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Politische Soziologie, Majoritäten, Minoritäten, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the debate on race relations in Brazil. The main focus of this work is to examine inequality of opportunities between whites and nonwhites and how class and racial discrimination impacts outcomes for social advancement. Although many scholars, intellectuals and authors have contributed to an analysis of this debate, race relations in Brazil remains a very confounding and provocative issue. The rapid and tremendous growth that Brazil is currently experiencing has brought increased stratification between races and classes and a recurrence of the public debate on this complex issue. This paper will trace the history of this debate, the myth of racial democracy, the Afro-Brazilian militant movement and provide a brief overview of the existing quantitative research on Brazilian race relations.
Book Synopsis Blackness and Social Mobility in Brazil by : Doreen Joy Gordon
Download or read book Blackness and Social Mobility in Brazil written by Doreen Joy Gordon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the emergence of the black middle classes in urban Brazil, after 30 years of black mobilization and against the backdrop of deep economic, cultural, and political transformations taking place in recent decades within the country. One of the consequences of such transformations is said to be the restructuring of gender, race, and class relations. Utilizing qualitative research techniques such as ethnography, interviews, life histories, and focus groups among Afro-descendant families in the Northeast region of the country, the book explores contemporary race, class, and gender inequalities and their impact on daily lived experience. It reveals the dynamics underlying upward mobility, the diverse modes and experiences of social ascent into the middle classes, and the everyday negotiations involved in establishing one's status in the socio-racial hierarchy, which are not captured by other, more "macro" lenses. While some of these patterns are not peculiar to black people, this book argues that "race" shaped the contours and possibilities of social mobility in particular ways. This book is critical reading for specialists in the fields of inequality and race, class, and gender relations.
Book Synopsis Educational Stratification, Race, and Socioeconomic Development in Brazil by : Danielle Cireno Fernandes
Download or read book Educational Stratification, Race, and Socioeconomic Development in Brazil written by Danielle Cireno Fernandes and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Race in Contemporary Brazil by : Rebecca L. Reichmann
Download or read book Race in Contemporary Brazil written by Rebecca L. Reichmann and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of writings comes from Brazilian researchers on issues of race in their country. They include race and colour classification systems; access to education, employment and health; and inequalities in the judiciary and politics.
Book Synopsis Effects of Racial Discrimination on High School Performance and College Admission in Brazil by : Rúbia Da Rocha Valente
Download or read book Effects of Racial Discrimination on High School Performance and College Admission in Brazil written by Rúbia Da Rocha Valente and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research uses national survey data from the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (National Secondary Education Exam - ENEM) in Brazil to explore the impact of racial discrimination on high school students between 2004 and 2008. The analysis shows that being a victim of racism can reduce a student's ENEM scores, as well as diminish the perceived quality of their education. These results suggest that racial discrimination in the school environment can be detrimental to the learning experience and to educational attainment. In addition, the study analyzes the characteristics of students admitted to the University of Sáo Paulo (USP) and finds a great racial disparity in acceptance rates. Those accepted at the University of Sáo Paulo are more likely to be white, to come from high income families, to come from private high schools, to enroll incursinho (prep course) and to have a mother with high educational attainment. Thus, the study concludes that higher education in Brazil is synonymous with elitism and that the lack of accessibility by the general population is an impediment to social mobility, especially to Afro-descendants. This work provides a valuable contribution to both race relation studies and educational attainment research in Brazil and it paves the way for future research on the recent implementation of affirmative action policies in federal Brazilian universities.
Book Synopsis Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil by : Rosana Heringer
Download or read book Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil written by Rosana Heringer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil has undertaken affirmative action in its universities on an unprecedented scale. An expert group of international scholars puts the new policies in historical, political, and legal context; evaluates their outcomes for students and universities; and demonstrates that the policies have been successful in addressing racial inequality.
Book Synopsis The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education by : P. Stevens
Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education written by P. Stevens and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-22 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference work provides the first systematic review to date of how sociologists have studied the relationship between race/ethnicity and educational inequality over the last thirty years in eighteen different national contexts.
Book Synopsis Beyond Racism by : Charles V. Hamilton
Download or read book Beyond Racism written by Charles V. Hamilton and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores issues of race, racism, and strategies to improve the status of people of African descent in Brazil, South Africa and the USA. The authors provide in-depth information about each country, together with analyses of cross-cutting themes and trends.
Book Synopsis Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction? by : Luis Bértola
Download or read book Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction? written by Luis Bértola and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-25 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book brings together a range of ideas and theories to arrive at a deeper understanding of inequality in Latin America and its complex realities. To so, it addresses questions such as: What are the origins of inequality in Latin America? How can we create societies that are more equal in terms of income distribution, gender equality and opportunities? How can we remedy the social divide that is making Latin America one of the most unequal regions on earth? What are the roles played by market forces, institutions and ideology in terms of inequality? In this book, a group of global experts gathered by the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), show readers how various types of inequality, such as economical, educational, racial and gender inequality have been practiced in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico and many others through the centuries. Presenting new ideas, new evidence, and new methods, the book subsequently analyzes how to move forward with second-generation reforms that lay the foundations for more egalitarian societies. As such, it offers a valuable and insightful guide for development economists, historians and Latin American specialists alike, as well as students, educators, policymakers and all citizens with an interest in development, inequality and the Latin American region.
Book Synopsis Confronting Affirmative Action in Brazil by : Vânia Penha-Lopes
Download or read book Confronting Affirmative Action in Brazil written by Vânia Penha-Lopes and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using affirmative action to decrease racial inequality is the latest chapter of a long tradition of comparing Brazil and the United States with regard to race. Confronting Affirmative Action in Brazil: University Quota Students and the Quest for Racial Justice is timely for both countries as they struggle with racial justice in higher education. This book responds to the United States’ dismantling of affirmative action programs and a belief that they have run their course. Data show that, while affirmative action policies have contributed to a significant increase in the representation of non-Whites in the U.S. middle class, other segments of the population have yet to take full advantage of such policies. In Brazil, this book engaged with the need to understand the first results of a public policy expected to promote major social change, as it represents the first time that country admitted the existence of racial inequality in its core and took measures toward combating it despite any subsequent controversy or dissent.
Book Synopsis Race and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Brazil by : Carlos Alfredo Hasenbalg
Download or read book Race and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Brazil written by Carlos Alfredo Hasenbalg and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Race in Another America by : Edward E. Telles
Download or read book Race in Another America written by Edward E. Telles and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-25 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most comprehensive and up-to-date book on the increasingly important and controversial subject of race relations in Brazil. North American scholars of race relations frequently turn to Brazil for comparisons, since its history has many key similarities to that of the United States. Brazilians have commonly compared themselves with North Americans, and have traditionally argued that race relations in Brazil are far more harmonious because the country encourages race mixture rather than formal or informal segregation. More recently, however, scholars have challenged this national myth, seeking to show that race relations are characterized by exclusion, not inclusion, and that fair-skinned Brazilians continue to be privileged and hold a disproportionate share of wealth and power. In this sociological and demographic study, Edward Telles seeks to understand the reality of race in Brazil and how well it squares with these traditional and revisionist views of race relations. He shows that both schools have it partly right--that there is far more miscegenation in Brazil than in the United States--but that exclusion remains a serious problem. He blends his demographic analysis with ethnographic fieldwork, history, and political theory to try to "understand" the enigma of Brazilian race relations--how inclusiveness can coexist with exclusiveness. The book also seeks to understand some of the political pathologies of buying too readily into unexamined ideas about race relations. In the end, Telles contends, the traditional myth that Brazil had harmonious race relations compared with the United States encouraged the government to do almost nothing to address its shortcomings.
Book Synopsis Afro-Latin American Studies by : Alejandro de la Fuente
Download or read book Afro-Latin American Studies written by Alejandro de la Fuente and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alejandro de la Fuente and George Reid Andrews offer the first systematic, book-length survey of humanities and social science scholarship on the exciting field of Afro-Latin American studies. Organized by topic, these essays synthesize and present the current state of knowledge on a broad variety of topics, including Afro-Latin American music, religions, literature, art history, political thought, social movements, legal history, environmental history, and ideologies of racial inclusion. This volume connects the region's long history of slavery to the major political, social, cultural, and economic developments of the last two centuries. Written by leading scholars in each of those topics, the volume provides an introduction to the field of Afro-Latin American studies that is not available from any other source and reflects the disciplinary and thematic richness of this emerging field.
Download or read book Pigmentocracies written by Edward Telles and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-10-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pigmentocracies--the fruit of the multiyear Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America (PERLA)--is a richly revealing analysis of contemporary attitudes toward ethnicity and race in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, four of Latin America's most populous nations. Based on extensive, original sociological and anthropological data generated by PERLA, this landmark study analyzes ethnoracial classification, inequality, and discrimination, as well as public opinion about Afro-descended and indigenous social movements and policies that foster greater social inclusiveness, all set within an ethnoracial history of each country. A once-in-a-generation examination of contemporary ethnicity, this book promises to contribute in significant ways to policymaking and public opinion in Latin America. Edward Telles, PERLA's principal investigator, explains that profound historical and political forces, including multiculturalism, have helped to shape the formation of ethnic identities and the nature of social relations within and across nations. One of Pigmentocracies's many important conclusions is that unequal social and economic status is at least as much a function of skin color as of ethnoracial identification. Investigators also found high rates of discrimination by color and ethnicity widely reported by both targets and witnesses. Still, substantial support across countries was found for multicultural-affirmative policies--a notable result given that in much of modern Latin America race and ethnicity have been downplayed or ignored as key factors despite their importance for earlier nation-building.
Book Synopsis Racism in a Racial Democracy by : France Winddance Twine
Download or read book Racism in a Racial Democracy written by France Winddance Twine and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Racism in a Racial Democracy, France Winddance Twine asks why Brazilians, particularly Afro-Brazilians, continue to have faith in Brazil's "racial democracy" in the face of pervasive racism in all spheres of Brazilian life. Through a detailed ethnography, Twine provides a cultural analysis of the everyday discursive and material practices that sustain and naturalize white supremacy. This is the first ethnographic study of racism in southeastern Brazil to place the practices of upwardly mobile Afro-Brazilians at the center of analysis. Based on extensive field research and more than fifty life histories with Afro- and Euro-Brazilians, this book analyzes how Brazilians conceptualize and respond to racial disparities. Twine illuminates the obstacles Brazilian activists face when attempting to generate grassroots support for an antiracist movement among the majority of working class Brazilians. Anyone interested in racism and antiracism in Latin America will find this book compelling.
Book Synopsis The Position of Blacks in Brazilian Society by : Anani Dzidzienyo
Download or read book The Position of Blacks in Brazilian Society written by Anani Dzidzienyo and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Inequalities in Education and Their Impact on Student Achievement and Earnings in Brazil by : Izabel Costa da Fonseca
Download or read book Structural Inequalities in Education and Their Impact on Student Achievement and Earnings in Brazil written by Izabel Costa da Fonseca and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to schooling, both at the K-12 and higher education levels, has been dramatically expanded in Brazil since the late 1990s. Part of the disadvantaged population that had been previously excluded from the educational system, such as black students, those coming from low-income backgrounds, and those who need to work while studying, are much more likely now to attend secondary school and, to a lesser extent, higher education institutions. However, access to more years of education is not the same as access to the same quality of education, nor is it a guarantee of equal life opportunities for lower social class youth. The three articles in my dissertation analyze factors in the educational system that could define the educational and economic outcomes for some students — those coming from lower socioeconomic backgrounds — differently from the outcomes of their counterparts from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. My research examines how structural factors in the Brazilian educational system may act to maintain inequality even as the system incorporates increasing numbers of low socioeconomic young people into schools and higher education institutions. I do not focus on social mobility directly, but rather more indirectly by examining some of the "mechanisms" of school and higher education systems that could influence social and economic mobility for lower social class males and females in the Brazilian context. In my first paper, I analyze the trends in parental education achievement inequalities in Brazilian K-12 schools in the period 1995 to 2015 — a period of great lower and upper secondary enrollment expansion, and I estimate the role that parental education school segregation among Brazilian states and across time plays in this increase in achievement inequality. My second paper continues to investigate how educational structural factors can contribute to academic inequality in Brazilian schools, by looking at how opportunity to learn (OTL), as measured by teacher reports of the proportion of the curriculum completed, influences the learning outcomes of children studying at K-12 public schools in two recent years, 2007 and 2015. I use a cross-subject empirical strategy, fitting student fixed effects models that analyze whether a student's performance in Portuguese and mathematics relative to the mean performance at one's school is associated with differences in the curriculum covered by teachers in Portuguese and mathematics. Also, I investigate whether the associations between curriculum covered and student achievement vary according to students' sex and socioeconomic background. I In my third paper, I analyze how the structure of the higher educational system in Brazil affects lower income male and female students' earnings and occupational opportunities. My analyses estimates the impact of attending a more selective (as measured by average entrance test score) or higher cost institution on students' earnings. I do the analysis across a selected number of fields of study and across the entire range of institutions attended by students in each field. To identify the effect of institutional selectivity on earnings, I use propensity score matching for students attending proximate selectivity quintiles of higher education institutions within each field of study. My results show that there are fields in which students who attended the most selective (highest quintile) institution compared to students with similar SES and entry test scores who attended a second quintile institution have significantly higher earnings in the labor force. However, the effects are much more consistent across fields at the bottom of the institutional selectivity spectrum. Students who attended fourth quintile institutions are more likely to earn significantly higher earnings than students who could have done so but instead attended a bottom quintile institution. These results have important implications for public sector subsidies for low-income students attending private higher education institutions (essentially all the bottom 40% selective of higher education institutions are private in Brazil).
