Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception

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Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241208772
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception by :

Download or read book Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1998 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the strength and significance of evidence linking use of combined oral contraceptives to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Recommendations and conclusions reflect the consensus reached by a group of scientists, including researchers directly involved in several recent large-scale investigations of cardiovascular disease and hormone contraception. The experts also considered evidence that other factors, such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, age, and family history, might influence the risk of cardiovascular disease in users of combined oral contraceptives. In view of major recent changes in the hormonal content of these contraceptives and the prescribing patterns of providers, the assessment concentrates on data collected after 1980. The experts also aimed to determine whether the risk of disease is influenced by the estrogen or progestogen content of different preparations. To facilitate the comparison and interpretation of study results, the report opens with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the different epidemiological approaches used to assess the safety of steroid contraceptives. Also discussed is the important distinction between the use of relative risk to examine epidemiological associations and the use of absolute risk to examine clinical importance. Against this background, the main part of the report examines the strength of evidence linking steroid contraceptives to an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Studies of combined oral contraceptives and progestogen-only contraceptives are considered separately for each disease. An effort is also made to determine whether conclusions, based on studies conducted in industrialized countries, are also valid for women living in the developing world. The assessment of findings from epidemiological studies is complemented by a review of possible biological explanations for the effects of combined oral contraceptives on cardiovascular functions. On the basis of all available evidence, the report concludes that mortality rates from cardiovascular disease are extremely low among women of reproductive age and that the added risk of using steroid contraceptives is also very low in users who do not smoke or have other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A final section places these risks in perspective and offers balanced advice useful to providers of family planning when helping women to make informed choices about the use of hormonal contraceptives.

Clinical Chronopharmacology

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Chronopharmacology by : Alain Reinberg

Download or read book Clinical Chronopharmacology written by Alain Reinberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-07 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Periodical and predictable changes in biological susceptibility and response to a large variety of chemical agents, including drugs and food, have been documented since the early 1970s. This book provides a survey of clinically-documented research in chronopharmacology.

An Introduction to Differential Manifolds

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319207350
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Differential Manifolds by : Jacques Lafontaine

Download or read book An Introduction to Differential Manifolds written by Jacques Lafontaine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to differential manifolds. It gives solid preliminaries for more advanced topics: Riemannian manifolds, differential topology, Lie theory. It presupposes little background: the reader is only expected to master basic differential calculus, and a little point-set topology. The book covers the main topics of differential geometry: manifolds, tangent space, vector fields, differential forms, Lie groups, and a few more sophisticated topics such as de Rham cohomology, degree theory and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for surfaces. Its ambition is to give solid foundations. In particular, the introduction of “abstract” notions such as manifolds or differential forms is motivated via questions and examples from mathematics or theoretical physics. More than 150 exercises, some of them easy and classical, some others more sophisticated, will help the beginner as well as the more expert reader. Solutions are provided for most of them. The book should be of interest to various readers: undergraduate and graduate students for a first contact to differential manifolds, mathematicians from other fields and physicists who wish to acquire some feeling about this beautiful theory. The original French text Introduction aux variétés différentielles has been a best-seller in its category in France for many years. Jacques Lafontaine was successively assistant Professor at Paris Diderot University and Professor at the University of Montpellier, where he is presently emeritus. His main research interests are Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, including some aspects of mathematical relativity. Besides his personal research articles, he was involved in several textbooks and research monographs.

Biological Rhythm Research

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Rhythm Research by : A. Sollberger

Download or read book Biological Rhythm Research written by A. Sollberger and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Minimum Competence in Scientific English

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782706104084
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Minimum Competence in Scientific English by : Susan Blattès

Download or read book Minimum Competence in Scientific English written by Susan Blattès and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le présent ouvrage répond à un objectif précis : être un outil efficace pour ceux qui sont confrontés à des textes en anglais scientifique. Minimum Competence in Scientific English suppose, pour ses utilisateurs, des prérequis de niveau baccalauréat. Il peut être utilisé en autoformation. Les étudiants scientifiques sont évidemment les premiers concernés, mais l'expérience a démontré que les chercheurs, les ingénieurs, les enseignants, les managers, confrontés aux subtilités de l'anglais scientifique écrit, étaient demandeurs de tels ouvrages.

Endocrine Rhythms

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Endocrine Rhythms by : Dorothy T. Krieger

Download or read book Endocrine Rhythms written by Dorothy T. Krieger and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of physiology

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of physiology by : William Ferguson Hamilton

Download or read book Handbook of physiology written by William Ferguson Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: