Quantifying Uncertainty In Real Time Performance Measurement For Highway Winter Maintenance Operations

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Quantifying Uncertainty in Real Time Performance Measurement for Highway Winter Maintenance Operations

Author : Jillian Lyon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantifying Uncertainty in Real Time Performance Measurement for Highway Winter Maintenance Operations by : Jillian Lyon

Download or read book Quantifying Uncertainty in Real Time Performance Measurement for Highway Winter Maintenance Operations written by Jillian Lyon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winter weather in Iowa is often unpredictable and can have an adverse impact on traffic flow. The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) attempts to lessen the impact of winter weather events on traffic speeds with various proactive maintenance operations. In order to assess the performance of these maintenance operations, it would be beneficial to develop a model for expected speed reduction based on weather variables and normal maintenance schedules. Such a model would allow the Iowa DOT to identify situations in which speed reductions were much greater than or less than would be expected for a given set of storm conditions, and make modifications to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The objective of this work was to predict speed changes relative to baseline speed under normal conditions, based on nominal maintenance schedules and winter weather covariates (snow type, temperature, and wind speed), as measured by roadside weather stations. This allows for an assessment of the impact of winter weather covariates on traffic speed changes, and estimation of the effect of regular maintenance passes. The researchers chose events from Adair County, Iowa and fit a linear model incorporating the covariates mentioned previously. A Bayesian analysis was conducted to estimate the values of the parameters of this model. Specifically, the analysis produces a distribution for the parameter value that represents the impact of maintenance on traffic speeds. The effect of maintenance is not a constant, but rather a value that the researchers have some uncertainty about and this distribution represents what they know about the effects of maintenance. Similarly, examinations of the distributions for the effects of winter weather covariates are possible. Plots of observed and expected traffic speed changes allow a visual assessment of the model fit. Future work involves expanding this model to incorporate many events at multiple locations. This would allow for assessment of the impact of winter weather maintenance across various situations, and eventually identify locations and times in which maintenance could be improved.

Performance Measurement for Highway Winter Maintenance Operations

Author : Lin Qiu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Measurement for Highway Winter Maintenance Operations by : Lin Qiu

Download or read book Performance Measurement for Highway Winter Maintenance Operations written by Lin Qiu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research project was to develop a method to measure the performance of a winter maintenance program with respect to the task of providing safety and mobility to the traveling public. Developing these measures required a number of steps, each of which was accomplished. First, the impact of winter weather on safety (crash rates) and mobility (average vehicle speeds) were measured by a combination of literature reviews and analysis of Iowa Department of Transportation traffic and Road Weather Information System data. Second, because not all winter storms are the same in their effects on safety and mobility, a method had to be developed to determine how much the various factors that describe a winter storm actually change safety and mobility. As part of this effort a storm severity index was developed, which ranks each winter storm on a scale between 0 (a very benign storm) and I (the worst imaginable storm). Additionally a number of methods of modeling the relationships between weather, winter maintenance actions and road surface conditions were developed and tested. The end result of this study was a performance measure based on average vehicle speed. For a given class of road, a maximum expected average speed reduction has been identified. For a given storm, this maximum expected average speed reduction is modified by the storm severity index to give a target average speed reduction. Thus, if for a given road the maximum expected average speed reduction is 20 mph, and the storm severity for a particular storm is 0.6, then the target average speed reduction for that road in that storm is 0.6 x 20 mph or 12 mph. If the average speed on that road during and after the storm is only 12 mph or less than the average speed on that road in good weather conditions, then the winter maintenance performance goal has been met.

Feasibility of Using Traffic Data for Winter Road Maintenance Performance Measurement

Author : Luchao Cao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Feasibility of Using Traffic Data for Winter Road Maintenance Performance Measurement by : Luchao Cao

Download or read book Feasibility of Using Traffic Data for Winter Road Maintenance Performance Measurement written by Luchao Cao and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winter road maintenance (WRM) operations, such as plowing, salting and sanding, are significant to maintain both safety and mobility of highways, especially in countries like Canada. Traditionally, WRM performance is measured using bare pavement regain time and snow depth/coverage, which are reported by maintenance or quality assurance personnel based on periodic visual inspection during and after snow events. However, the increasing costs associated with WRM and the lack of objectivity and repeatability of traditional performance monitoring methods have stimulated significant interest in developing alternative performance measures. This research is motivated by the need to develop an outcome based WRM performance measurement system with a specific focus on investigating the feasibility of inferring WRM performance from traffic state. The research studies the impact of winter weather and road surface conditions (RSC) on the average traffic speed of rural highways with the intention of examining the feasibility of using traffic speed from traffic sensors as an indicator of WRM performance. Detailed data on weather, RSC, and traffic over three winter seasons from 2008 to 2011 on rural highway sites in Iowa, US is used for this investigation. Three modeling techniques are applied and compared for modeling the relationship between traffic speed and various road weather and surface condition factors, including multivariate linear regression, artificial neural network (ANN), and time series analysis. Multivariate linear regression models are compared by temporal aggregation (15 minutes vs. 60 minutes), types of highways (two-lane vs. four-lane), and model types (separated vs. combined). The research also examines the feasibility of estimating/classifying RSC based on traffic speed and winter weather factors using multi-layer logistic regression classification trees. The modeling results have shown the expected effects of weather variables including precipitation, temperature and wind speed, and verified the statistically strong relationship between traffic speed and RSC. The findings suggest that speed could potentially be used as an indicator of bare pavement conditions and thus the performance of WRM operations. It is also confirmed that the time series model could be a valuable tool for predicting real-time traffic conditions based on weather forecast and planned maintenance operations, and the multi-layer logistic regression classification tree model could be applied for estimating RSC on highways based on average traffic speed and weather conditions.

Performance Measures for Snow and Ice Control Operations

Author : T. H. Maze
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Measures for Snow and Ice Control Operations by : T. H. Maze

Download or read book Performance Measures for Snow and Ice Control Operations written by T. H. Maze and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the NCHRP 06-17 project, the research team surveyed snow and ice control organizations in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia to determine the current trends in performance measurement. The team also inquired about the methods used in developing these programs in order to determine a practical, user friendly method to assist snow and ice control managers in developing a performance measurement system that uses traditional and nontraditional performance indicators and measurement issues. To achieve the project objectives, the researchers issued a survey to snow and ice control agencies throughout North America, Europe, and Asia to obtain data of the performance indicators and measures used, if any, by these agencies. The identified performance indicators and measures were then categorized, defined, and assessed for their usefulness. A process was then developed to assist snow and ice control operations managers in preparing a customer-focused, environmentally friendly performance measurement program.

Automated Winter Road Maintenance Using Road Surface Condition Measurements

Author : Gurkan Erdogan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Automated Winter Road Maintenance Using Road Surface Condition Measurements by : Gurkan Erdogan

Download or read book Automated Winter Road Maintenance Using Road Surface Condition Measurements written by Gurkan Erdogan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real-time measurement of tire-road friction coefficient is extremely valuable for winter road maintenance operations and can be used to optimize the kind and quantity of the deicing and anti-icing chemicals applied to the roadway. In this project, a wheel based tire-road friction coefficient measurement system is first developed for snowplows. Unlike a traditional Norse meter, this system is based on measurement of lateral tire forces, has minimal moving parts and does not use any actuators. Hence, it is reliable and inexpensive. A key challenge is quickly detecting changes in estimated tire-road friction coefficient while rejecting the high levels of noise in measured force signals. Novel filtering and signal processing algorithms are developed to address this challenge including a biased quadratic mean filter and an accelerometer based vibration removal filter. Detailed experimental results are presented on the performance of the friction estimation system on different types of road surfaces. Experimental results show that the biased quadratic mean filter works very effectively to eliminate the influence of noise and quickly estimate changes in friction coefficient. Further, the use of accelerometers and an intelligent algorithm enables elimination of the influence of driver steering maneuvers, thus providing a robust friction measurement system. In the second part of the project, the developed friction measurement system is used for automated control of the chemical applicator on the snowplow. An electronic interface is established with the Force America applicator to enable real-time control. A feedback control system that utilizes the developed friction measurement sensor and a pavement temperature sensor is developed and implemented on the snowplow.

Terraqué

Author : Eugène Guillevic
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782070167548
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (675 download)

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Book Synopsis Terraqué by : Eugène Guillevic

Download or read book Terraqué written by Eugène Guillevic and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gravel Roads

Author : Ken Skorseth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Gravel Roads by : Ken Skorseth

Download or read book Gravel Roads written by Ken Skorseth and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.

Sustainable Winter Road Operations

Author : Xianming Shi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119185068
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Winter Road Operations by : Xianming Shi

Download or read book Sustainable Winter Road Operations written by Xianming Shi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and only comprehensive guide to best practices in winter road operations Winter maintenance operations are essential to ensure the safety, mobility, and productivity of transportation systems, especially in cold-weather climates, and responsible agencies are continually challenged to provide a high level of service in a fiscally and environmentally responsible manner. Sustainable Winter Road Operations bridges the knowledge gaps, providing the first up-to-date, authoritative, single-source overview and guide to best practices in winter road operations that considers the triple bottom line of sustainability. With contributions from experts in the field from around the world, this book takes a holistic approach to the subject. The authors address the many negative impacts on regional economies and the environment of poorly planned and inadequate winter road operations, and they make a strong case for the myriad benefits of environmentally sustainable concepts and practices. Best practice applications of materials, processes, equipment, and associated technologies and how they can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of winter operations, optimize materials usage, and minimize cost, corrosion, and environmental impacts are all covered in depth. Provides the first up-to-date, authoritative and comprehensive overview of best practices in sustainable winter road operations currently in use around the world Covers materials, processes, equipment, and associated technologies for sustainable winter road operations Brings together contributions by an international all-star team of experts with extensive experience in designing, implementing, and managing sustainable winter road operations Designed to bring professionals involved in transportation and highway maintenance and control up to speed with current best practice Sustainable Winter Road Operations is essential reading for maintenance professionals dealing with snow and ice control operations on highways, motorways and local roads. It is a valuable source of information and guidance for decision makers, researchers, and engineers in transportation engineering involved in transportation and highway maintenance. And it is an ideal textbook for advanced-level courses in transportation engineering.

Where the Weather Meets the Road

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309166578
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Where the Weather Meets the Road by : National Research Council

Download or read book Where the Weather Meets the Road written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-31 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weather has broad and significant effects on the roadway environment. Snow, rain, fog, ice, freezing rain, and other weather conditions can impair the ability of drivers to operate their vehicles safely, significantly reduce roadway capacity, and dramatically increase travel times. Multiple roadway activities, from roadway maintenance and construction to shipping, transit, and police operations, are directly affected by inclement weather. Some road weather information is available to users currently, however a disconnect remains between current research and operations, and additional research could yield important safety and economic improvements for roadway users. Meteorology, roadway technology, and vehicle systems have evolved to the point where users could be provided with better road weather information through modern information technologies. The combination of these technologies has the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of roadway operations, road capacity, and road safety. Where the Weather Meets the Road provides a roadmap for moving these concepts to reality.

Bayesian Reinforcement Learning

Author : Mohammad Ghavamzadeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781680830880
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Reinforcement Learning by : Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Download or read book Bayesian Reinforcement Learning written by Mohammad Ghavamzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bayesian methods for machine learning have been widely investigated, yielding principled methods for incorporating prior information into inference algorithms. This monograph provides the reader with an in-depth review of the role of Bayesian methods for the reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm. The major incentives for incorporating Bayesian reasoning in RL are that it provides an elegant approach to action-selection (exploration/exploitation) as a function of the uncertainty in learning, and it provides a machinery to incorporate prior knowledge into the algorithms. Bayesian Reinforcement Learning: A Survey first discusses models and methods for Bayesian inference in the simple single-step Bandit model. It then reviews the extensive recent literature on Bayesian methods for model-based RL, where prior information can be expressed on the parameters of the Markov model. It also presents Bayesian methods for model-free RL, where priors are expressed over the value function or policy class. Bayesian Reinforcement Learning: A Survey is a comprehensive reference for students and researchers with an interest in Bayesian RL algorithms and their theoretical and empirical properties.

Roundabouts

Author : Lee August Rodegerdts
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309155118
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Roundabouts by : Lee August Rodegerdts

Download or read book Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol

Author :
Publisher : World Business Pub.
ISBN 13 : 9781569735688
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Greenhouse Gas Protocol by :

Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.

Guide for Pavement Friction

Author :
Publisher : AASHTO
ISBN 13 : 1560514280
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Guide for Pavement Friction by :

Download or read book Guide for Pavement Friction written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2008 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains guidelines and recommendations for managing and designing for friction on highway pavements. The contents of this report will be of interest to highway materials, construction, pavement management, safety, design, and research engineers, as well as others concerned with the friction and related surface characteristics of highway pavements.

Spring Meeting

Author : American Geophysical Union. Meeting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (254 download)

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Book Synopsis Spring Meeting by : American Geophysical Union. Meeting

Download or read book Spring Meeting written by American Geophysical Union. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Meetings Abstracts, January-August 2006

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1436 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (62 download)

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Download or read book Meetings Abstracts, January-August 2006 written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Research Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists by :

Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1970-06 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.