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Quantifiers
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Book Synopsis Fuzzy Quantifiers by : Ingo Glöckner
Download or read book Fuzzy Quantifiers written by Ingo Glöckner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-08-11 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a linguistic perspective, it is quanti?cation which makes all the di?- ence between “having no dollars” and “having a lot of dollars”. And it is the meaning of the quanti?er “most” which eventually decides if “Most Ame- cans voted Kerry” or “Most Americans voted Bush” (as it stands). Natural language(NL)quanti?erslike“all”,“almostall”,“many”etc. serveanimp- tant purpose because they permit us to speak about properties of collections, as opposed to describing speci?c individuals only; in technical terms, qu- ti?ers are a ‘second-order’ construct. Thus the quantifying statement “Most Americans voted Bush” asserts that the set of voters of George W. Bush c- prisesthemajorityofAmericans,while“Bushsneezes”onlytellsussomething about a speci?c individual. By describing collections rather than individuals, quanti?ers extend the expressive power of natural languages far beyond that of propositional logic and make them a universal communication medium. Hence language heavily depends on quantifying constructions. These often involve fuzzy concepts like “tall”, and they frequently refer to fuzzy quantities in agreement like “about ten”, “almost all”, “many” etc. In order to exploit this expressive power and make fuzzy quanti?cation available to technical applications, a number of proposals have been made how to model fuzzy quanti?ers in the framework of fuzzy set theory. These approaches usually reduce fuzzy quanti?cation to a comparison of scalar or fuzzy cardinalities [197, 132].
Book Synopsis Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language by : Edward Keenan
Download or read book Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language written by Edward Keenan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a strikingly diverse range of languages from 12 linguistic families, this handbook is based on responses to a questionnaire constructed by the editors. Focusing on the formation, distribution and semantic interpretation of quantificational expressions, the book explores 17 languages including German, Italian, Russian, Mandarin Chinese, Malagasy, Hebrew, Pima, Basque, and more. The language data sets enable detailed crosslinguistic comparison of numerous features. These include semantic classes of quantifiers (generalized existential, generalized universal, proportional, partitive), syntactically complex quantifiers (intensive modification, Boolean compounding, exception phrases) and several others such as quantifier scope ambiguities, quantifier float, and binary quantifiers. Its theory-independent content extends earlier work by Matthewson (2008) and Bach et al. (1995), making this handbook suitable for linguists, semanticians, philosophers of language and logicians alike.
Book Synopsis Quantifiers, Quantifiers, and Quantifiers: Themes in Logic, Metaphysics, and Language by : Alessandro Torza
Download or read book Quantifiers, Quantifiers, and Quantifiers: Themes in Logic, Metaphysics, and Language written by Alessandro Torza and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a wide range of topics that fall under the 'philosophy of quantifiers', a philosophy that spans across multiple areas such as logic, metaphysics, epistemology and even the history of philosophy. It discusses the import of quantifier variance in the model theory of mathematics. It advances an argument for the uniqueness of quantifier meaning in terms of Evert Beth’s notion of implicit definition and clarifies the oldest explicit formulation of quantifier variance: the one proposed by Rudolf Carnap. The volume further examines what it means that a quantifier can have multiple meanings and addresses how existential vagueness can induce vagueness in our modal notions. Finally, the book explores the role played by quantifiers with respect to various kinds of semantic paradoxes, the logicality issue, ontological commitment, and the behavior of quantifiers in intensional contexts.
Book Synopsis Generalized Quantifiers and Computation by : Jouko Väänänen
Download or read book Generalized Quantifiers and Computation written by Jouko Väänänen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises revised full versions of lectures given during the 9th European Summer School in Logic, Languages, and Information, ESSLLI'97, held in Aix-en-Provence, France, in August 1997. The six lectures presented introduce the reader to the state of the art in the area of generalized quantifiers and computation. Besides an introductory survey by the volume editor various aspects of generalized quantifiers are studied in depth.
Book Synopsis Quantifiers in Action by : Antonio Badia
Download or read book Quantifiers in Action written by Antonio Badia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-03 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The database industry is a multi-billion, world-wide, all-encompassing part of the software world. Quantifiers in Action: Generalized Quantification in Query, Logical and Natural Languages introduces a query language called GQs—Generalized Quantification in Query. Most query languages are simply versions of First Order Logic (FOL). GQs are an extension of the idea of quantifier in FOL. GQs are a perfect example of a practical theory within databases. This book provides a brief background in logic and introduces the concept of GQs, and then develops a query language based on GQs. Using Query Language with Generalized Quantifiers, the reader explores the efficient implementation of the concept, always a primary consideration in databases. This professional book also includes several extensions for use with documents employing question and answer techniques. Designed for practitioners and researchers within the database management field; also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.
Book Synopsis Generalized Quantifiers by : Peter Gärdenfors
Download or read book Generalized Quantifiers written by Peter Gärdenfors and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some fifteen years ago, research on generalized quantifiers was con sidered to be a branch of mathematical logic, mainly carried out by mathematicians. Since then an increasing number of linguists and philosophers have become interested in exploring the relevance of general quantifiers for natural language as shown by the bibliography compiled for this volume. To a large extent, the new research has been inspired by Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper's path-breaking article "Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language" from 1981. A concrete sign of this development was the workshop on this topic at Lund University, May 9-11, 1985, which was organized by Robin Cooper, Elisabet Engdahl, and the present editor. All except two of the papers in this volume derive from that workshop. Jon Barwise's paper in the volume is different from the one he presented in connection with the workshop. Mats Rooth's contribution has been added because of its close relationship with the rest of the papers. The articles have been revised for publication here and the authors have commented on each other's contributions in order to integrate the collection. The organizers of the workshop gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of Linguistics, the Department of Philosophy and the Faculty of Humanities at Lund University, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (through the Wallenberg Foundation), the Swedish Institute, and the Letterstedt Foundation.
Book Synopsis Quantifiers and Cognition: Logical and Computational Perspectives by : Jakub Szymanik
Download or read book Quantifiers and Cognition: Logical and Computational Perspectives written by Jakub Szymanik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume on the semantic complexity of natural language explores the question why some sentences are more difficult than others. While doing so, it lays the groundwork for extending semantic theory with computational and cognitive aspects by combining linguistics and logic with computations and cognition. Quantifier expressions occur whenever we describe the world and communicate about it. Generalized quantifier theory is therefore one of the basic tools of linguistics today, studying the possible meanings and the inferential power of quantifier expressions by logical means. The classic version was developed in the 1980s, at the interface of linguistics, mathematics and philosophy. Before this volume, advances in "classic" generalized quantifier theory mainly focused on logical questions and their applications to linguistics, this volume adds a computational component, the third pillar of language use and logical activity. This book is essential reading for researchers in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science, logic, AI, and computer science.
Book Synopsis Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation by : Michal Krynicki
Download or read book Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation written by Michal Krynicki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation is the first concentrated effort to give a systematic presentation of the main research results on the subject, since the modern concept was formulated in the late '50s and early '60s. The majority of the papers are in the nature of a handbook. All of them are self-contained, at various levels of difficulty. The Introduction surveys the main ideas and problems encountered in the logical investigation of quantifiers. The Prologue, written by Per Lindström, presents the early history of the concept of generalised quantifiers. The volume then continues with a series of papers surveying various research areas, particularly those that are of current interest. Together they provide introductions to the subject from the points of view of mathematics, linguistics, and theoretical computer science. The present volume has been prepared in parallel with Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation, Volume Two. Contributions, which contains a collection of research papers on the subject in areas that are too fresh to be summarised. The two volumes are complementary. For logicians, mathematicians, philosophers, linguists and computer scientists. Suitable as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate specialised courses in logic.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language: Volume II by : Denis Paperno
Download or read book Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language: Volume II written by Denis Paperno and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents the structure, distribution and semantic interpretation of quantificational expressions in languages from diverse language families and typological profiles. The current volume pays special attention to underrepresented languages of different status and endangerment level. Languages covered include American and Russian Sign Languages, and sixteen spoken languages from Africa, Australia, Papua, the Americas, and different parts of Asia. The articles respond to a questionnaire the editors constructed to enable detailed crosslinguistic comparison of numerous features. They offer comparable information on semantic classes of quantifiers (generalized existential, generalized universal, proportional, partitive), syntactically complex quantifiers (intensive modification, Boolean compounds, exception phrases, etc.), and several more specific issues such as quantifier scope ambiguities, floating quantifiers, and binary (type 2) quantifiers. The book is intended for semanticists, logicians interested in quantification in natural language, and general linguists as articles are meant to be descriptive and theory independent. The book continues and expands the coverage of the Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language (2012) by the same editors, and extends the earlier work in Matthewson (2008), Gil et al. (2013) and Bach et al (1995).
Book Synopsis Quantifiers in Language and Logic by : Stanley Peters
Download or read book Quantifiers in Language and Logic written by Stanley Peters and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-04-27 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantification is a topic which brings together linguistics, logic, and philosophy. Quantifiers are the essential tools with which, in language or logic, we refer to quantity of things or amount of stuff. In English they include such expressions as no, some, all, both, many. Peters and Westerstahl present the definitive interdisciplinary exploration of how they work - their syntax, semantics, and inferential role.
Book Synopsis Binominal Quantifiers in Spanish by : Katrien Dora Verveckken
Download or read book Binominal Quantifiers in Spanish written by Katrien Dora Verveckken and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantification is central to human experience (cf. Aristotle’s Organon): the most basic aspects of human life and reasoning involve quantity assessment. This study sheds lights on a highly frequent way to express quantification in Spanish, viz. the binominal quantifier (e.g. un aluviónN1 de llamadasN2 ‘a flood of calls’) which assesses the quantity of N2 in terms of N1. This volume offers a corpus-based, cognitive-functional analysis of binominal quantifiers (BQ) in Spanish. The first part is dedicated to the development of BQs and starts from the assumption that BQs are cross-linguistically involved in grammaticalization. This monograph frames the history of BQs in Spanish in terms of constructional levels of change and highlights the complex interplay between analogical thinking and conceptual persistence. The second part motivates both the ample variation in the paradigm of quantifying nouns and their combinatorial pattern by the very same mechanism of conceptually-driven analogy. The study thus yields an innovative functional model of BQs in Spanish, in synchrony and in diachrony, with major implications for reference grammars and theory building.
Book Synopsis Semantics: Generalized quantifiers and scope by : Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach
Download or read book Semantics: Generalized quantifiers and scope written by Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language by : Alice ter Meulen
Download or read book Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language written by Alice ter Meulen and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantifier Scope in German by : Jürgen Pafel
Download or read book Quantifier Scope in German written by Jürgen Pafel and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive account of quantifier scope in German. The author investigates scope behavior of ordinary quantifiers and negative, adverbial, interrogative, relative and particle quantifiers. The areas which are dealt with include: relative scope in simple sentences, absolute and relative scope in complex sentences, noun-phrase internal scope, and scope behavior of indefinite noun phrases. A theory of explicit and implicit quantification is proposed and a uniform process of scope determination is sketched which encompasses the scope of explicit as well as implicit quantifiers. Quantifier scope is a challenge to linguistic theory as it is a phenomenon which is determined by the interplay of diverse syntactic and semantic factors, which interact in a weighted and cumulative way. The factors' interplay is part of the syntax/semantics-interface, i.e., the constraints relating syntax and semantics, which are considered to be relatively autonomous, parallel levels connected by an interface of correspondence constraints.
Book Synopsis Quantifiers, Propositions and Identity by : Robert Goldblatt
Download or read book Quantifiers, Propositions and Identity written by Robert Goldblatt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develops new semantical characterisations of many logical systems with quantification that are incomplete under the traditional Kripkean possible worlds interpretation. This book is for mathematical or philosophical logicians, computer scientists and linguists, including academic researchers, teachers and advanced students.
Book Synopsis Quantifier Variance and Realism by : Eli Hirsch
Download or read book Quantifier Variance and Realism written by Eli Hirsch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eli Hirsch has contributed steadily to metaphysics since his ground-breaking (and much cited) work on identity through time. This volume collects Hirsch's essays from the last decade (with the exception of one article from 1978) on ontology and metametaphysics which are very much tied to these debates.
Download or read book Fuzzy Databases written by Jose Galindo and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book includes an introduction to fuzzy logic, fuzzy databases and an overview of the state of the art in fuzzy modeling in databases"--Provided by publisher.
