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Quantification Of Soluble Organic Fraction Measurement Variation In Diesel Particulate Matter Emissions
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Book Synopsis Quantification of Soluble Organic Fraction Measurement Variation in Diesel Particulate Matter Emissions by : John Wesley Hardin
Download or read book Quantification of Soluble Organic Fraction Measurement Variation in Diesel Particulate Matter Emissions written by John Wesley Hardin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Particulate Matter Emission in Diesel Engine Operated with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel by : Nur Fauziah Jaharudin
Download or read book Analysis of Particulate Matter Emission in Diesel Engine Operated with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel written by Nur Fauziah Jaharudin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engines which is an attractive power unit used widely in many fields are among the main contributors to air pollutions for the large amount of emissions, especially particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). PM is one of the major pollutants emitted by diesel engine which have adverse effects on human health. Accordingly, many research have been done to find alternative fuels that are clean and efficient. In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel has been used as an alternative source for diesel engine which produces lower PM than diesel fuel. The emission of PM and gaseous emission (carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO) and NOx) has been collected from single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with diesel and WCO biodiesel blends (B5, B10 B20 and B100) at five different engine speed (1200 rpm, 1500 rpm, 1800 rpm, 2100 rpm and 2400 rpm) with constant load of 20 Nm. The comparison between diesel and WCO biodiesel blends has been made in terms of PM characterization which is PM mass concentration, its component ( soluble organic fraction (SOF) and soot) and its influence on PM formation, PM morphology and PM size distribution. In addition, combustion characteristic which is in-cylinder pressure of the engine as well as exhaust temperature also has been observed. The results show PM emission of B100 is lower than diesel fuel with variation of 5.56% to 21.82 % . This is due to oxygen content contained in B100. As for SOF concentration, blended fuels B10, B20, and B100 have higher SOF value (3.23 % to 82.36 % ) compared to diesel fuel at moderate and high engine speed. Meanwhile, soot concentration for blended fuels B10, B20 and B100 is lower (10 % to 62.50 %. ) compared to diesel fuel Observation on PM morphology shows that the images is chain-like agglomeration which is extremely small non uniform nanostructure. As for the PM size distribution, the trend were similar for diesel and WCO biodiesel blends. The size distribution of diesel fuel and WCO biodiesel blends were shifted to the larger size as the engine speed is increase d. Simultaneously, the size distribution is shifted to the smaller PM diameter as blending ratio of WCO biodiesel in the fuel blend is increase. The observation of in-cylinder pressure shows uncertain trend with the WCO biodiesel ratio in the fuel blend while decreasing with the increasing engine speed due to the prolong ignition delay period. At the same time, WCO biodiesel blends gives higher value of exhaust temperature which is 1.49 % compared to diesel fuel and it increases as the engine speed increase. In terms of gaseous emission, increasing engine speed increased the CO, CO2, NOx and NO emission while decrease the O2emission. The effect of WCO biodiesel blends on the gaseous emission shows uncertain trend while PM-NOx trade off observation showsB100 simultaneously decrease both NOx and PM emission at the same time. This study shows that the PM and gaseous emission as well as combustion characteristic of the WCO biodiesel are comparable with diesel fuel thus WCO biodiesel has potential as an alternative fuel to be used in diesel in the future.
Book Synopsis Size and Composition Quantification of Particulate Matter Emissions from Motor Vehicles by : Michael Arthur Robert
Download or read book Size and Composition Quantification of Particulate Matter Emissions from Motor Vehicles written by Michael Arthur Robert and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Characterization of the Soluble Organic Fraction of Diesel Particulate Matter by : Eric F. Funkenbusch
Download or read book The Characterization of the Soluble Organic Fraction of Diesel Particulate Matter written by Eric F. Funkenbusch and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Urban Mobile Source Aerosol Using Optical Properties Measured by CRDT/N by : Monica Elizabeth Wright
Download or read book An Investigation of Urban Mobile Source Aerosol Using Optical Properties Measured by CRDT/N written by Monica Elizabeth Wright and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobile source emissions are a major contributor to global and local air pollution. Governments and regulatory agencies have been increasing the stringency of regulations in the transportation sector for the last ten years to help curb transportation sector air pollution. The need for regulations has been emphasized by scientific research on the impacts from ambient pollution, especially research on the effect of particulate matter on human health. The particulate emissions from diesel vehicles, diesel particulate matter (DPM) is considered a known or probable carcinogen in various countries and increased exposure to DPM is linked to increased cardiovascular health problems in humans. The toxicity of vehicle emissions and diesel particulate emissions in particular, in conjunction with an increased awareness of potential petroleum fuel shortages, international conflict over petroleum fuel sources and climate change science, have all contributed to the increase of biodiesel use as an additive to or replacement for petroleum fuel. The goal of this research is to determine how this increased use of biodiesel in the particular emission testing setup impacts urban air quality. To determine if biodiesel use contributes to a health or climate benefit, both the size range and general composition were investigated using a comprehensive comparison of the particulate component of the emissions in real time. The emissions from various biodiesel and diesel mixtures from a common diesel passenger vehicle were measured with a cavity ring-down transmissometer (CRDT) coupled with a condensation particle counter, a SMPS, a nephelometer, NOx, CO, CO2, and O3 measurements. From these data, key emission factors for several biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures were developed. This approach reduces sampling artifacts and allows for the determination of optical properties, particle number concentration, and size distributions, along with several important gas phase species' concentrations. Findings indicate that biodiesel additions to diesel fuel do not necessarily have an air quality benefit for particulate emissions in this emission testing scenario. The often cited linear decrease in particulate emissions with increasing biodiesel content was not observed. Mixtures with half diesel and half biodiesel tended to have the highest particulate emissions in all size ranges. Mixtures with more than 50% biodiesel had slightly lower calculated mass for light absorbing carbon, but this reduction in mass is most likely a result of a shift in the size of the emission particles to a smaller size range, not a reduction in the total number of particles. Evaluation of the extensive optical properties from this experimental set-up indicates that biodiesel additions to diesel fuel has an impact on emission particle extinction in both visible and near-IR wavelengths. The B99 mixture had the smallest emission factor for extinction at 532 nm and at 1064 nm. For the extinction at 532 nm, the trend was not linear and the emission factor peaked at the B50 mixture. Results from intensive properties indicate that emissions from B5 and B25 mixtures have Ångström exponents close to 1, typical for black carbon emissions. The mixtures with a larger fraction of biodiesel have Ångström exponent values closer to 2, indicating more absorbing organic matter and/or smaller particle size in the emissions. Additional experimental testing should be completed to determine the application of these results and emission factors to other diesel vehicles or types of diesel and biodiesel fuel mixtures.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Diesel Particulate Matter on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Waste Plastic Fuel by : Mohd Radzi Mohd Rasol
Download or read book Analysis of Diesel Particulate Matter on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Waste Plastic Fuel written by Mohd Radzi Mohd Rasol and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study deals with the size diameter and concentration distribution of particulate matter (PM) using single cylinder engine diesel using waste plastic disposal fuel. The experiment was devided by two. First experiment is to determine fuel characteristic and the second experiment to analyzed the size diameter and distribution of PM. The characteristic fuel is for determine affect to size diameter and concentration distribution for both fuel. For the experiment size diameter and concentration distribution of PM both fuel be test in 5 different speed which is 1200 rpm,1500 rpm, 1800 rpm, 2100 rpm and 2400 rpm. From the experiment, the result be determine is concentration of PM, dry soot(DS), soluble organic fraction (SOF) and size diameter. All the result can obtained by the calculation and analysis. The end of this analyis show the waste plastic disposal fuel is better than diesel in term produce of gas emission . where the result show waste plastic disposal fuel produce less PM ,NOx, NO, CO2, CO and O. While result for distribution of size diamete.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of a Diesel Particulate Analyzer Measuring the Organic Fraction in the Emissions from In-use Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles by : Anthony Tagliaferro
Download or read book An Evaluation of a Diesel Particulate Analyzer Measuring the Organic Fraction in the Emissions from In-use Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles written by Anthony Tagliaferro and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309037263 Total Pages :703 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health by : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Book Synopsis Composition and Formation Mechanism of Diesel Particulate Matter Associated with Various Factors from a Non-road Diesel Generator by : Fuyan Liang
Download or read book Composition and Formation Mechanism of Diesel Particulate Matter Associated with Various Factors from a Non-road Diesel Generator written by Fuyan Liang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engines emit large quantities of fine particles to the atmosphere, on which numerous organic compounds are absorbed, such as PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and sulfur-containing PAHs. It is well established that exposure to PAHs and their derivatives may represent a high risk for human health. Considering its organic fractions and inhalable properties, diesel particulate matter (DPM) is considered a probable human carcinogen. The concerns of DPM health effects have simulated studies on DPM chemical composition and its formation mechanisms. This dissertation presents the results of an experimental investigation into the composition and formation mechanism of DPM at various engine operating conditions and fuel sulfur contents. The influence of sampling methods also was examined. High volume dilution sampling and ultrasonic assisted extraction methods were developed for collection and extraction of DPM. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selective ion chromatogram (SIC), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM), and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC/AED) were applied for determination of numerous hydrocarbons and organosulfur species in diesel emissions. The results of the comparisons between DPM extracts, diesel fuel, and engine oil indicate that diesel fuel, engine oil, and combustion process were the three major sources of alkanes, organic acids, and PAHs and alkylated PAHs in DPM, respectively. As expected, the distribution of organic compounds between gas and particle phase diesel emissions was directly correlated with their vapor pressures. Adsorption of gas phase organics onto diesel particles was the predominant mechanism controlling the formation of diesel aerosols. This research revealed strong effects from engine operation conditions and sampling methods on the organic composition and formation mechanism of DPM, as well as the compound distribution. Higher engine loads caused the increase in DPM emission rate, its elemental carbon fraction, and the heavier components, which were pyrogenic species, formed during combustion processes, and may present greater health risks. The comparison between the results for dilution method and stack sampling method demonstrated that the dilution process significantly increased the organic fraction of DPM through the condensation of gas-phase organics. The research outcomes provide important knowledge for understanding DPM nature and formation mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 11th International Mine Ventilation Congress by : Xintan Chang
Download or read book Proceedings of the 11th International Mine Ventilation Congress written by Xintan Chang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of the 11th International Mine Ventilation Congress (11th IMVC), is focused on mine ventilation, health and safety and Earth science. The IMVC has become the most influential international mine ventilation event in the world, and has long been a popular forum for ventilation researchers, practitioners, academics, equipment manufacturers and suppliers, consultants and government officials around the globe to explore research results, exchange best practices, and to launch new products for a better and safer industry. It also serves as a useful platform to attract and train future ventilation professionals and mine planning engineers, as well as for mining companies to discover better practices to provide better ventilation planning.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Diesel Particulate Matter Emissions with a Modified Multi-tube Type Mini-dilution Tunnel by : Eric S. Miller
Download or read book Measurement of Diesel Particulate Matter Emissions with a Modified Multi-tube Type Mini-dilution Tunnel written by Eric S. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emissions Measurement & Testing 2004 by :
Download or read book Emissions Measurement & Testing 2004 written by and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanical Science and Engineering IV by : Yan Dong Wang
Download or read book Mechanical Science and Engineering IV written by Yan Dong Wang and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 4th International Conference on Mechanical Science and Technology (ICMSE 2014), January 2-4, 2014, Sanya, Hainan Island, China. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). The 198 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Dynamics of Mechanical Systems: Models and Analysis; Chapter 2: Machineries and Equipments for Industrial Systems, Energy and Power Engineering, Automation and Control; Chapter 3: Information Technologies Application for Manufacture, Data Processing and Computational Methods; Chapter 4: Safety Engineering and Assessment of Reliability; Chapter 5: Material Engineering and Processing; Chapter 6: Micro/Nano Technologies and Materials, Quantum Physics Applications; Chapter 7: Biomaterials and Applied Biotechnologies; Chapter 8: Environmental Engineering and Waste Recycling; Chapter 9: Research, Design and Providing of Manufacturing Systems, Engineering Management
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantifying the Contribution of Lubrication Oil to Particulate Emissions from a Diesel Engine by :
Download or read book Quantifying the Contribution of Lubrication Oil to Particulate Emissions from a Diesel Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contribution of lubrication oil to particulate matter (PM) emissions from a Cummins B5.9 Diesel engine was measured using accelerator mass spectrometry to trace carbon isotope concentrations. The engine operated at fixed medium load (285 N-m (210 ft.lbs.) 1600 m) used 100% biodiesel fuel (B100) with a contemporary carbon-14 (14C) concentration of 103 amol 14C/ mg C. The C concentration of the exhaust C02 and PM were 102 and 99 amol 14C/mg C, respectively. The decrease in I4C content in the PM is due to the consumption of lubrication oil which is 14C-free. Approximately 4% of the carbon in PM came from lubrication oil under these operating conditions. The slight depression in CO2 isotope content could be attributed to ambient CO2 levels and measurement uncertainty.
Book Synopsis Effect of Engine Operating Conditions on the Size and Morphology of Diesel Particulate Emissions by : Adam Neer
Download or read book Effect of Engine Operating Conditions on the Size and Morphology of Diesel Particulate Emissions written by Adam Neer and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The size, morphology and volume fraction of sub-micron particulate matter emitted from a compression ignition (diesel) engine was investigated using thermophoretic sampling experiments followed by direct visual characterizations under transmission electron microscopy"--Abstract, leaf iii.
