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Author : Eric L. Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (56 download)
Download or read book Quantification and Optimization of Off-road Bicycle Suspension Performance written by Eric L. Wang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Morris R. Levy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (456 download)
Download or read book Kinetic and Vibration Analysis of Off-road Bicycle Suspension Systems written by Morris R. Levy and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the present project was to quantify and compare differences in impact performance and damping effectiveness among various off-road bicycle suspension systems. Two experiments were conducted to compare suspensions. Fork impact performance was tested by measuring peak antero-posterior braking forces and impulses during impact with bumps of 6- and 10-cm height for five mountain bike suspension systems. These results were compared to a rigid fork condition. Comparisons among suspension systems showed small but significant differences in performance. While only marginal differences in peak force were found for the suspension conditions, more substantial differences in braking impulse were observed. Air-Oil design forks had the lowest braking impulse for the range of speeds and impact characteristics of this experiment. In another setting, an analysis of acceleration signals over a range of frequencies on two surface conditions (gravel and trail) was conducted to assess the damping effectiveness of the five suspension systems. The mountain bike was equipped with accelerometers mounted at the axle and frame. A spectral analysis of the signal was performed for each signal to provide a measure of fork effectiveness. Results showed that accelerations ranged from -33 to +40 g at the axle and from -13 to +13 g at the frame, while spectral analyses of the acceleration signals revealed two distinct frequency regions from 0 to 100 Hz and from 300 to 400 Hz. The various suspension systems were all effective in attenuating vibration over the first region. Vibration amplitudes at the frame were considerably less than at the axle for the suspension conditions while similar axle-frame vibrations were observed with the rigid fork. Lower frequency vibration amplitudes were typically greater on the trail than on gravel. In the frequency region between 300-400 Hz, the signal was attenuated at the frame for all conditions including the rigid fork. The quantification and comparison process of the various suspension forks using impulse provided an objective marker for performance, and allowed differentiation between various suspension conditions. Moreover, the effectiveness analysis through the use of accelerometers provided insight into the range of frequencies dampened by a suspension. The lower frequency range dampening suggested that effectiveness of a suspension fork can be quantified even though the experiment did not conclusively differentiate between the forks.
Author : Stanley Arthur Needle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (54 download)
Download or read book The Design and Evaluation of an Adjustable Suspension Off-road Bicycle written by Stanley Arthur Needle and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hamid Taghavifar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331942520X
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Off-road Vehicle Dynamics written by Hamid Taghavifar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the analysis of off-road vehicle dynamics from kinetics and kinematics perspectives and the performance of vehicle traversing over rough and irregular terrain. The authors consider the wheel performance, soil-tire interactions and their interface, tractive performance of the vehicle, ride comfort, stability over maneuvering, transient and steady state conditions of the vehicle traversing, modeling the aforementioned aspects and optimization from energetic and vehicle mobility perspectives. This book brings novel figures for the transient dynamics and original wheel terrain dynamics at on-the-go condition.
Author : Ben Lahcene Zohir
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)
Download or read book Optimization and Control of Semi-active Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles written by Ben Lahcene Zohir and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates the dynamic response of three semi-active control policies as analyzed on a several off-road models. Two-axle 7DOF, three-axle 9DOF and four-axle 11DOF full vehicle system was developed to evaluate skyhook, groundhook, and hybrid controls. As well as exploring the relative benefits of each of these controllers, the performance of each semi-active controller was compared to the performance of conventional passive system. Each control policy is evaluated for its control performance under three different base excitations: step, bump and random. Corresponding to the bump and random inputs, peak-to-peak, RMS and frequency responses are considered for each control policy along with passive system. Specifically, sprung mass (heavy, pitch and roll acceleration), suspension and tire deflection. A comparison between different suspension systems were examined using half vehicle model and step input used to generate the time domain values of settling time and PTP acceleration for hybrid control policy and compared to fully active and passive systems using two-axle half vehicle model. Furthermore, Due to the importance of ride comfort for off-road vehicles, minimizing the peak-to-peak of the vertical, pitch and roll acceleration and reducing the settling time would lead to better ride comfort. In solving this problem, the step input was used for the optimization of a two-axle full vehicle's semi-active suspension system parameters with respect to ride comfort and handling. Genetic algorithm optimization technique is developed and used. Step input also used to generate the time domain and frequency domain responses of the four-axle full vehicle model. Reponses of sprung mass, suspension and tired deflection are obtained. Results of this study show that semi-active control offers benefits beyond those of conventional passive system. Further, traditional skyhook control is shown to be better in improving the vehicle body acceleration PTP, RMS and PSD responses. The groundhook control is shown to be better in controlling the tire deflection. Hybrid as a combination of both control policies skyhook and groundhook, shows to be better compromise in improving ride comfort and handling of the vehicle compared to passive system in all cases. Result shows also, that GA has consistently found near-optimal solutions within specified parameters ranges for several independent runs. Ride comfort improved without reducing the handling of the vehicle.
Author : Davis S. De Lorenzo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (56 download)
Download or read book Quantification of Structural Loading During Off-road Cycling written by Davis S. De Lorenzo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Herve Wilczynski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Modelling and Analysis of Surface Induced Loads in Off-road Bicycles Over Rough Terrain written by Herve Wilczynski and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bernard C. LeSage
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Optimization of Vehicle Suspension Systems in Off-road Travel written by Bernard C. LeSage and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Matthew Cartmell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis written by Matthew Cartmell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trend towards the integration of modeling, analysis and design tools, which began in the 1990s, is now well underway, and it is becoming increasingly evident that formerly disparate engineering functions, such as stress analysis, fracture mechanics, elasticity and vibration analysis, will continue to move closer together, as seamlessly integrated computational design tools evolve. The series of Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis conferences has always reflected this alliance, with its tradition of encouraging specialist contributions to the development and enhanced application of powerful numerical methods; in conjunction with seminal papers on new techniques in experimental mechanics.
Author : Adrian Louis Kuo-Tian Wong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (835 download)
Download or read book Novel Semi-active Suspension with Tunable Stiffness and Damping Characteristics written by Adrian Louis Kuo-Tian Wong and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past several decades there have been many attempts to improve suspension performance due to its importance within vehicle dynamics. The suspension system main functions are to connect the chassis to the ground, and to isolate the chassis from the ground. To improve upon these two functions, large amounts of effort are focused on two elements that form the building blocks of the suspension system, stiffness and damping. With the advent of new technologies, such as variable dampers, and powerful microprocessors and sensors, suspension performance can be enhanced beyond the traditional capabilities of a passive suspension system. Recently, Yin et al. [1, 2] have developed a novel dual chamber pneumatic spring that can provide tunable stiffness characteristics, which is rare compared to the sea of tunable dampers. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a controller to take advantage of the novel pneumatic spring's functionality with a tunable damper to improve vehicle dynamic performance. Since the pneumatic spring is a slow-acting element (i.e. low bandwidth), the typical control logic for semi-active suspension systems are not practical for this framework. Most semi-active controllers assume the use of fast-acting (i.e. high bandwidth) variable dampers within the suspension design. In this case, a lookup table controller is used to manage the stiffness and damping properties for a wide range of operating conditions. To determine the optimum stiffness and damping properties, optimization is employed. Four objective functions are used to quantify vehicle performance; ride comfort, rattle space (i.e. suspension deflection), handling (i.e. tire deflection), and undamped sprung mass natural frequency. The goal is to minimize the first three objectives, while maximizing the latter to avoid motion sickness starting from 1Hz and downward. However, these goals cannot be attained simultaneously, necessitating compromises between them. Using the optimization strength of genetic algorithms, a Pareto optima set can be generated to determine the compromises between objective functions that have been normalized. Using a trade-off study, the stiffness and damping properties can be selected from the Pareto optima set for suitability within an operating condition of the control logic. When implementing the lookup table controller, a practical method is employed to recognize the road profile as there is no direct method to determine road profile. To determine the road profile for the lookup table controller, the unsprung mass RMS acceleration and suspension state are utilized. To alleviate the inherent flip-flopping drawback of lookup table controllers, a temporal deadband is employed to eliminate the flip-flopping of the lookup table controller. Results from the semi-active suspension with tunable stiffness and damping show that vehicle performance, depending on road roughness and vehicle speed, can improve up to 18% over passive suspension systems. Since the controller does not constantly adjust the damping properties, cost and reliability may increase over traditional semi-active suspension systems. The flip-flopping drawback of lookup table controllers has been reduced through the use of a temporal deadband, however further enhancement is required to eliminate flip-flopping within the control logic. Looking forward, the novel semi-active suspension has great potential to improve vehicle dynamic performance especially for heavy vehicles that have large sprung mass variation, but to increase robustness the following should be considered: better road profile recognition, the elimination of flip-flopping between suspension states, and using state equations model of the pneumatic spring within the vehicle model for optimization and evaluation.
Author : Michael John Thoresson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book Efficient Gradient-based Optimisation of Suspension Characteristics for an Off-road Vehicle written by Michael John Thoresson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient optimisation of vehicle suspension systems is of increasing interest for vehicle manufacturers. The main aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology for efficiently optimising an off-road vehicle's suspension for both ride comfort and handling, using gradient based optimisation. Good ride comfort of a vehicle traditionally requires a soft suspension setup, while good handling requires a hard suspension setup. The suspension system being optimised is a semi-active suspension system that has the ability to switch between a ride comfort and a handling setting. This optimisation is performed using the gradient-based optimisation algorithm Dynamic-Q. In order to perform the optimisation, the vehicle had to be accurately modelled in a multi-body dynamics package. This model, although very accurate, exhibited a high degree of non-linearity, resulting in a computationally expensive model that exhibited severe numerical noise. In order to perform handling optimisation, a novel closed loop driver model was developed that made use of the Magic Formula to describe the gain parameter for the single point driver model's steering gain. This non-linear gain allowed the successful implementation of a single point preview driver model for the closed loop double lane change manoeuvre, close to the vehicle's handling limit. Due to the high levels of numerical noise present in the simulation model's objective and constraint functions, the use of central finite differencing for the determination of gradient information was investigated, and found to improve the optimisation convergence history. The full simulation model, however, had to be used for the determination of this gradient information, making the optimisation process prohibitively expensive, when many design variables are considered. The use of carefully chosen simplified two-dimensional non-linear models were investigated for the determination of this gradient information. It was found that this substantially reduced the total number of expensive full simulation evaluations required, thereby speeding up the optimisation time. It was, however, found that as more design variables were considered, some variables exhibited a lower level of sensitivity than the other design variables resulting in the optimisation algorithm terminating at sub-optimal points in the design space. A novel automatic scaling procedure is proposed for scaling the design variables when Dynamic-Q is used. This scaling methodology attempts to make the n-dimensional design space more spherical in nature, ensuring the better performance of Dynamic-Q, which makes spherical approximations of the optimisation problem at each iteration step. The results of this study indicate that gradient-based mathematical optimisation methods may indeed be successfully integrated with a multibody dynamics analysis computer program for the optimisation of a vehicle's suspension system. Methods for avoiding the negative effects of numerical noise in the optimisation process have been proposed and successfully implemented, resulting in an improved methodology for gradient-based optimisation of vehicle suspension systems.
Author : Mark C. Davie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (711 download)
Download or read book Mountain Bike Suspension Systems and Their Effect on Rider Performance Quantified Through Mechanical, Psychological and Physiological Responses written by Mark C. Davie and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael John Thoresson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (556 download)
Download or read book Mathematical Optimisation of the Suspension System of an Off-road Vehicle for Ride Comfort and Handling written by Michael John Thoresson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rodrigo R. Bini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
ISBN 13 : 3319055399
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Biomechanics of Cycling written by Rodrigo R. Bini and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-30 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bicycles have been a common device to enhance physical fitness level in gyms and training centers along with solid use in competitive sport. For that reason, biomechanics of cycling has grown as a research field with many publications addressing different perspective of the interaction between the cyclist and his bicycle. The most common end point of research on biomechanics of cycling is optimization of performance and reduction of injury risk. One goal of this book is to meet the growing need for a comprehensive presentation of contemporary knowledge on biomechanics of cycling which will positively influence the activity of cycling in a global fashion. In order to accomplish this purpose, ten chapters are presented with focus on varying methods for biomechanical analysis of cycling motion. The introduction section provides an overview of the main methods for assessment of cycling motion, including motion analysis, pedal force measurements, muscle activation, anthropometry and joint kinetics. These methods are discussed in depth in individual chapters followed by chapters on characteristics of bicycles and potential perspectives to improve their configuration in order to improve performance of cyclists and reduce their overuse injury risk. Moreover, a preliminary method to train technique in cyclists is shown. A final chapter provides authors perspective on the upcoming technology that should be effective in helping training of cyclists.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the ... Bioengineering Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wade H. Shafer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461303931
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
