Punjab 1999

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The Constitution of Pakistan

Author : Sadaf Aziz
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509919120
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Constitution of Pakistan by : Sadaf Aziz

Download or read book The Constitution of Pakistan written by Sadaf Aziz and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a contextual account of Pakistan's constitutional laws and history. It aims to describe the formal structure of government in reference to origins that are traced to the administrative centralisation and legal innovations of colonial rule. It also situates the tide of Muslim nationalism that gave rise to the nation of Pakistan within a terrain of nascent constitutionalism and its associated promises of representation. The post-colonial history of the Pakistani state is charted by reference to succeeding constitutions and the distribution of powers between the major branches of government that they augured. Where conventional histories often suggest that constitutionalism in Pakistan is to be solely understood by reference to a cycle of abidance and rupture, and in the oscillation between military and civilian rule, this volume also accounts for the many points of continuity between regime types. The contours of a broader constitutionalism come to light in the ways in which state power is wielded at different periods and in the range of contests – economic, political and cultural – through which some of this power is sought to be dispersed. Chapters on Rights, Federalism and Islam detail the contextual features of some of these contests and the normative, legal parameters through which they are provisionally settled.

Bitter to Better Harvest

Author : Chhabilendra Roul
Publisher : Northern Book Centre
ISBN 13 : 9788172111199
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Bitter to Better Harvest by : Chhabilendra Roul

Download or read book Bitter to Better Harvest written by Chhabilendra Roul and published by Northern Book Centre. This book was released on 2001 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It focuses on the first-hand experience of farmers, policy-makers, and the State, who are confronted with unwanted situation in the northern part of the country, till date regarded as food bowl of the country. - Focuses agriculture in the post-green revolution period. - Presents an integrated and holistic view of the state of affairs in agriculture. - The concerns arising out of the impact of liberalisation in general, and WTO in particular, are adequately and exclusively treated. Stimulating reading for those who are interested in the dynamics of Indian agriculture. The volume can also serve as an excellent textbook for post-graduate students in economics, development studies, regional development, agriculture, as well as agro-marketing. Those researching Indian agriculture can find the book extremely relevant. Similarly, the policy makers, planners, and administrators, particularly in the government, will also appreciate its usefulness in policy and programme inputs.

Parliamentary Debates

Author : India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Parliamentary Debates by : India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha

Download or read book Parliamentary Debates written by India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

S. Chand's (Question and Answers) Medieval History of India

Author : Aggarwal J.C.
Publisher : S. Chand Publishing
ISBN 13 : 8121918901
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (219 download)

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Book Synopsis S. Chand's (Question and Answers) Medieval History of India by : Aggarwal J.C.

Download or read book S. Chand's (Question and Answers) Medieval History of India written by Aggarwal J.C. and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medieval History of India

Strategies to Mitigate Secondary Salinization in the Indus Basin of Pakistan

Author : Aslam, M., Prathapar, S. A.
Publisher : IWMI
ISBN 13 : 9290906162
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategies to Mitigate Secondary Salinization in the Indus Basin of Pakistan by : Aslam, M., Prathapar, S. A.

Download or read book Strategies to Mitigate Secondary Salinization in the Indus Basin of Pakistan written by Aslam, M., Prathapar, S. A. and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ThisThis report discusses the nature and causes of secondary salinization, reviews strategies developed and tested within IBIS to mitigate salinization, and identifies areas requiring further investigation.

50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India

Author : discountbookstore.in
Publisher : Discountbookstore.in
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1785 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India by : discountbookstore.in

Download or read book 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India written by discountbookstore.in and published by Discountbookstore.in. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 1785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India www.discountbookstore.in 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India BY --- ASHUTOSH KUMAR MISHRA For -- Discount Book Store Published By : -- Discount Book Store Website -- http://www.discountbookstore.in/ Email – [email protected] , [email protected] Find us on Facebook --- @ https://www.facebook.com/lawtech.india Disclaimer: This document is being furnished to you for your information. You may choose to reproduce or redistribute this information for non-commercial purposes in part or in full to any other person with due acknowledgement of http://discountbookstore.in/ Discount Book Store makes every effort to use reliable and comprehensive information, but Discount Book Store does not represent that this information is accurate or complete. This data has been collated without regard to the objectives or opinions of those who may receive it. 2 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India www.discountbookstore.in Table of Contain Contains Part I Facts in Brief Arguments Highlights of Judgments For Common Man Part II Full Text of Judgments with equivalent citation 3 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India www.discountbookstore.in Table of Case Reported 1. A.D.M. Jabalpur v. Shiv Kant Shukla (The Habeas Corpus Case) 2. Ajit Singh v. State of Punjab 3. Apparel Export Promotion Council v. A.K. Chopra 4. Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab 5. BALCO Employees Union v. Union of India 6. Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India 7. Budhan Choudhary v. State of Bihar 8. Chief Forest Conservator (Wild Life) v. Nisar Khan 9. D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal 10. Daniel Latifi v. Union of India 11. Dr (Mrs.) Vijaya Manohar Arbat v. Kashirao Rajaram Sawai 12. Dr. Mahachandra Prasad Singh v. Chairman, Bihar Legislative Council 13. Dr. Pradeep Jain v. Union of India 14. Ex-Capt. Harish Uppal v. Union of India 15. Forum, Prevention of Envn. and Sound Pollution v. Union of India 4 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India www.discountbookstore.in 16. Gaurav Jain v. Union of India 17. Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. State of Bihar 18. I.C. Golak Nath v . State of Punjab 19. In re, Vinay Chandra Mishra 20. In Re: Death of Sawinder Singh Grover 21. Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India 22. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India 23. L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India 24. Laxmi Kant Pandey v. Union of India 25. M/s Modi Cements Limited v. Shri Kuchil Kumar Nandi 26. M/s Shantistar Builders v. Narayan Khimalal Totame 27. Mackinnon Mackenzie & Co. Ltd. v. Audrey D'costa 28. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India 29. Minerva Mills v. Union of India 30. Mr. X v. Hospital Z 31. Nandini Satpathy v. P.L. Dani 32. Narayan Prasad Lohia v. Nikunj Kumar Lohia 33. Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India 34. Poonam Verma v. Dr. Ashwin Patel 35. Parmanand Katara v. Union of India 36. PUCL v. Union of India 5 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India www.discountbookstore.in 37. Rai Sahib Ram Jawaya Kapur v. State of Punjab 38. Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra 39. S.P.Sampath Kumar v. Union of India 40. Sakshi v. Union of India 41. Sheela Barse v. State of Maharashtra 42. Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Miss Subhra Chakraborty 43. Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab 44. Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India 45. Standard Chartered Bank v. Directorate of Enforcement 46. State of Gujarat v. Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat 47. State of Rajasthan v. Union of India 48. Sunil Batra (II) v. Delhi Administration 49. Vincent v. Union of India 50. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan 6 50 Leading Cases of Supreme Court of India www.discountbookstore.in

Management of Agricultural Inputs

Author : Samarendra Mahapatra
Publisher : New India Publishing Agency
ISBN 13 : 9789381450642
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Management of Agricultural Inputs by : Samarendra Mahapatra

Download or read book Management of Agricultural Inputs written by Samarendra Mahapatra and published by New India Publishing Agency. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environment, problems and policies attempts to rectify the lacunae of an absence of any comprehensive book on "Management of Agricultural Inputs". This is despite the fact that three-fourth of India's population is rural whose main occupation and profession is agriculture and allied activities. In the present context of economy and situation, it is a challenge for the agriculturists/ farmers to continue with their profession. This book provides an in-depth analysis of the environment, the problems associated with agri-inputs management and marketing. The book elaborately covers market information on agri-inputs and government policies to support the farming community. This book offers an interesting reading for academicians, students, agripreneurs and agri-input manufacturers to know about the vibrant dynamics of agri-input market in India.

Unravelling Bhakra

Author :
Publisher : Sikh Students Federation
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Unravelling Bhakra by :

Download or read book Unravelling Bhakra written by and published by Sikh Students Federation. This book was released on with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Punjab Society

Author : Manmohan Singh Gill
Publisher : Concept Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9788180690389
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Punjab Society by : Manmohan Singh Gill

Download or read book Punjab Society written by Manmohan Singh Gill and published by Concept Publishing Company. This book was released on 2003 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based On The Data Gathered From Field-Work And Secondary Sources, This Book Vividly Describes The Ground Realities Of An Agrarian Society Like That Of Punjab, Which Is Rapidly Transforming Itself In Terms Of Needs, Aspirations And Socio-Economic Perceptions Of The People.

Learning Levels and Gaps in Pakistan

Author : Jishnu Das
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Learning Levels and Gaps in Pakistan by : Jishnu Das

Download or read book Learning Levels and Gaps in Pakistan written by Jishnu Das and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The authors report on a survey of primary public and private schools in rural Pakistan with a focus on student achievement as measured through test scores. Absolute learning is low compared with curricular standards and international norms. Tested at the end of the third grade, a bare majority had mastered the K-I mathematics curriculum and 31 percent could correctly form a sentence with the word "school" in the vernacular (Urdu). As in high-income countries, bivariate comparisons show that higher learning is associated with household wealth and parental literacy. In sharp contrast to high-income countries, these gaps decrease dramatically in a multivariate regression once differences between children in the same school are looked at. Consequently, the largest gaps are between schools. The gap in English test scores between government and private schools, for instance, is 12 times the gap between children from rich and poor families. To contextualize these results within a broader South Asian context, the authors use data from public schools in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Levels of learning and the structure of the educational gaps are similar in the two samples. As in Pakistan, absolute learning is low and the largest gaps are between schools: the gap between good and bad government schools, for instance, is 5 times the gap between children with literate and illiterate mothers.

The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies

Author : Pashaura Singh
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191004111
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies by : Pashaura Singh

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies written by Pashaura Singh and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies innovatively combines the ways in which scholars from fields as diverse as philosophy, psychology, religious studies, literary studies, history, sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics have integrated the study of Sikhism within a wide range of critical and postcolonial perspectives on the nature of religion, violence, gender, ethno-nationalism, and revisionist historiography. A number of essays within this collection also provide a more practical dimension, written by artists and practitioners of the tradition. The handbook is divided into eight thematic sections that explore different 'expressions' of Sikhism. Historical, literary, ideological, institutional, and artistic expressions are considered in turn, followed by discussion of Sikhs in the Diaspora, and of caste and gender in the Panth. Each section begins with an essay by a prominent scholar in the field, providing an overview of the topic. Further essays provide detail and further treat the fluid, multivocal nature of both the Sikh past and the present. The handbook concludes with a section considering future directions in Sikh Studies.

Pakistan

Author : Christophe Jaffrelot
Publisher : Zed Books
ISBN 13 : 9781842771174
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (711 download)

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Book Synopsis Pakistan by : Christophe Jaffrelot

Download or read book Pakistan written by Christophe Jaffrelot and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 2002-04 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This account of Pakistan's complicated political mosaic focuses on ethnic tensions within the country, the Mohajir movement, Pashtun and Baloch nationalisms, and the "Punjabization" of the country. Contributors also look at the country's complex position within the South Asian region, including its foreign policy, and the dialectic between domestic and foreign policy, and the role of the army. The book raises many thought-provoking questions, including the definition of Palestinian identity, the control of the state, and the deeply flawed institution of democracy.

The Security State in Pakistan

Author : Syed Raza
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351389106
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The Security State in Pakistan by : Syed Raza

Download or read book The Security State in Pakistan written by Syed Raza and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The War on Terror has been going on for over a decade and it shows no signs of winding down in near future, a war which has directly contributed to growing security regimes in frontline states. This book focuses on the legal dimensions of the War on Terror and security in Pakistan. It highlights the growth of the security state in Pakistan, and questions the growing and by-now entrenched legal security regime in the country. The book traces the roots of the present security laws in colonial and post-colonial times. One broader dimension from which the legal security regime of Pakistan is approached in this book is through highlighting specific issues concerning the legal identity of the subject such as the rights of aliens in the background of state power versus liberal constitutionalism, and the rights of terrorism suspects in the background of deploying death sentence as a tactical, psychological tool versus the absolute right to life (of every individual). By critically reflecting on the increasingly institutionalized form of the security apparatus in Pakistan, the book (indirectly) suggests the legal ways to resist the growing legal security regime and derogation from human rights. Offering a theoretically engaged and critically reflective overview of the current state of individual identity, rights and freedoms in face of a burgeoning legal regime of security in Pakistan, this study makes advances in critical legal studies and critical IR. It will be of interest to academics working in the field of security studies, South Asian Studies, particularly Pakistan, and the War on Terror.

International Bibliography of Sikh Studies

Author : Rajwant Singh Chilana
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402030444
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis International Bibliography of Sikh Studies by : Rajwant Singh Chilana

Download or read book International Bibliography of Sikh Studies written by Rajwant Singh Chilana and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Bibliography of Sikh Studies brings together all books, composite works, journal articles, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, project reports, and electronic resources produced in the field of Sikh Studies until June 2004, making it the most complete and up-to-date reference work in the field today. One of the youngest religions of the world, Sikhism has progressively attracted attention on a global scale in recent decades. An increasing number of scholars is exploring the culture, history, politics, and religion of the Sikhs. The growing interest in Sikh Studies has resulted in an avalanche of literature, which is now for the first time brought together in the International Bibliography of Sikh Studies. This monumental work lists over 10,000 English-language publications under almost 30 subheadings, each representing a subfield in Sikh Studies. The Bibliography contains sections on a wide variety of subjects, such as Sikh gurus, Sikh philosophy, Sikh politics and Sikh religion. Furthermore, the encyclopedia presents an annotated survey of all major scholarly work on Sikhism, and a selective listing of electronic and web-based resources in the field. Author and subject indices are appended for the reader’s convenience.

Botany for Degree Students: Algae

Author : Vashishta B.R./ Sinha A.K. & Singh V.P.
Publisher : S. Chand Publishing
ISBN 13 : 8121935210
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (219 download)

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Book Synopsis Botany for Degree Students: Algae by : Vashishta B.R./ Sinha A.K. & Singh V.P.

Download or read book Botany for Degree Students: Algae written by Vashishta B.R./ Sinha A.K. & Singh V.P. and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on 1960 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a part of five book series on Botany for Degree Students. The revised edition of Botany for Degree Students- Algae deals with the important system of classification of the plant kingdom, an account of thallophytes, life histories of important representatives of each class of algae and various aspects of the life cycles of algae. Coverage of latest researches in the current edition of the book make it more useful for students appearing in competitive examinations.

Police Investigation - Powers, Tactics and Techniques (Vol 1 and 2 combined) 4th Edition 2022

Author : V. Sithannan, B.Sc., B.L., M.L., CC & IS, formerly Principal, Tamil Nadu Police Academy
Publisher : Jeywin Publication
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1070 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Police Investigation - Powers, Tactics and Techniques (Vol 1 and 2 combined) 4th Edition 2022 by : V. Sithannan, B.Sc., B.L., M.L., CC & IS, formerly Principal, Tamil Nadu Police Academy

Download or read book Police Investigation - Powers, Tactics and Techniques (Vol 1 and 2 combined) 4th Edition 2022 written by V. Sithannan, B.Sc., B.L., M.L., CC & IS, formerly Principal, Tamil Nadu Police Academy and published by Jeywin Publication. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With Sithannan’s book ‘Police Investigation-Powers, Tactics and Techniques’ 4th Edition 2022, every Police Officer will be able to do a comprehensive investigation even if he/ she just follow the checklists given. The book is written in simple language, which can be easily understood by all Police Officers and will serve as a valuable tool/guide for every officer who has to investigate a crime, participate in the All India Police Duty Meet etc. This is a more exhaustive treatise than his initial one, prepared when he was working in the Police Training College and which is still used by Investigating Officers all over the state of Tamil Nadu. In his present work titled ‘Police Investigation: Powers, Tactics and Techniques’, the author has meticulously catalogued the tools available to a police officer to become a successful investigator. He has carefully listed the duties of Police Officers at various stages of the investigation and the legal and statutory supports officially available to an investigating officer. The book contains 25 chapters and 4 annexures. In all the chapters, the author describes the problems at hand in elaborate detail, supported by relevant statistical and legal data, drawn from authentic sources. The first chapter includes a discussion on the development of settled society, the origin of law in society and the emergence of military and police in developing societies. In the following chapters, the author has given an exhaustive account of the role and powers of Police in the registration of offences and taking up of the investigation. He has also discussed problems encountered by a Police Officer during the investigation, the trial till the judgement. The book dexterously deals with problems such as the jurisdiction of a Police Officer, the dying declaration of victims, the conducting of inquest, arrest, interrogation and confession of the accused, etc. Apart from Police Officers, Advocates, Law and Judicial Officers would also find this book very useful as a reference book. The reference to judgements pertaining to a host of criminal cases during the period 1965-2018 merit careful study by the guardians of Law. The checklist provided at the end of each chapter can serve as a ready-reckoner to the Police Officers at various stages of the investigation. A trainee and a veteran equally will find this book a useful aid. To cite an example, under chapter 14, “Arrest”, he has cited 37 landmark judgements. By reading these fourteen pages alone one can avert many a pitfall. While writing this book, the academic pursuit of the author is in full bloom, as he has drawn valuable and authenticated data from various enactments, official documents, court judgements and a vast domain of related literature of national and international significance. Moreover, in this scholarly work, the author does not limit himself to expressing his sentiments of fellowship to the investigating Police Officers but also is concerned more about their legitimate and authorized duties, responsibilities, jurisdiction, rights of the accused and the natural processes of the long arm of the law. That the Author’s utopian ideal of no innocent person should be punished and no offender should go unpunished can be seen to dominate the whole message of the book. For this purpose, the Author has taken extra pains to give a balanced treatment of the whole problem of crime and its investigation.

Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan

Author : David J. Spielman
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812294211
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan by : David J. Spielman

Download or read book Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan written by David J. Spielman and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2017-01-23 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, agriculture has been crucial to Pakistan's economic growth and development and remains so even today. The sector employs almost half of the country's labor force, supplies key inputs to the country's manufacturing sector, generates a significant share of export earnings, and nourishes a rapidly growing population. Further, beyond agriculture is the wider rural economy, including nonfarm economic activities such as small enterprises, transport services, village retail shops, local schools, and clinics, all of which account for an estimated 40 to 57 percent of total rural household income. Given the importance of these rural activities, the slow growth of agriculture in recent years—averaging just 2.8 percent during the period 2010-2014—should be a source of concern for Pakistan. Can the country's agricultural sector and rural economy once again play a significant role in growth and development? Can it contribute to poverty reduction? Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan: Issues, Outlooks, and Policy Priorities seeks to answer these questions by examining the performance of both agriculture and the rural economy. The authors identify several measures that can promote agricultural productivity growth as well as wider economic and social development. These include increasing the efficiency of water use in the Indus river basin irrigation system, especially in the face of climate change; reforming policies and regulations that govern markets for agricultural inputs and commodities; and improving the provision of rural public services for health, education, women's empowerment, and community development. The analyses and conclusions in Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan will be of use to policy makers, development specialists, and others concerned with Pakistan's development. Contributors: Madiha Afzal, Nuzhat Ahmad, Faryal Ahmed, Mubarik Ali, Shujat Ali, Elena Briones Alonso, Hira Channa, Stephen Davies, Paul Dorosh, Gisselle Gajate Garrido, Arthur Gueneau, Madeeha Hameed, Brian Holtemeyer, Huma Khan, Katrina Kosec, Mehrab Malek, Sohail J. Malik, Shuaib Malik, Amina Mehmood, Dawit Mekonnen, Hina Nazli, Sara Rafi, Muhammad Ahsan Rana, Abdul Wajid Rana, Danielle Resnick, Khalid Riaz, Abdul Salam, Emily Schmidt, Asma Shahzad, David J. Spielman, James Thurlow, Ahmad Waqas, Edward Whitney, Fatima Zaidi.