Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880–1945

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Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801891434
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880–1945 by : Lars Heide

Download or read book Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880–1945 written by Lars Heide and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when Internet use is closely tracked and social networking sites supply data for targeted advertising, Lars Heide presents the first academic study of the invention that fueled today’s information revolution: the punched card. Early punched cards helped to process the United States census in 1890. They soon proved useful in calculating invoices and issuing pay slips. As demand for more sophisticated systems and reading machines increased in both the United States and Europe, punched cards served ever-larger data-processing purposes. Insurance companies, public utilities, businesses, and governments all used them to keep detailed records of their customers, competitors, employees, citizens, and enemies. The United States used punched-card registers in the late 1930s to pay roughly 21 million Americans their Social Security pensions, Vichy France used similar technologies in an attempt to mobilize an army against the occupying German forces, and the Germans in 1941 developed several punched-card registers to make the war effort—and surveillance of minorities—more effective. Heide’s analysis of these three major punched-card systems, as well as the impact of the invention on Great Britain, illustrates how different cultures collected personal and financial data and how they adapted to new technologies. This comparative study will interest students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including the history of technology, computer science, business history, and management and organizational studies.

Building IBM

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262307685
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Building IBM by : Emerson W. Pugh

Download or read book Building IBM written by Emerson W. Pugh and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-01-23 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No company of the twentieth century achieved greater success and engendered more admiration, respect, envy, fear, and hatred than IBM. Building IBM tells the story of that company—how it was formed, how it grew, and how it shaped and dominated the information processing industry. Emerson Pugh presents substantial new material about the company in the period before 1945 as well as a new interpretation of the postwar era.Granted unrestricted access to IBM's archival records and with no constraints on the way he chose to treat the information they contained, Pugh dispels many widely held myths about IBM and its leaders and provides new insights on the origins and development of the computer industry.Pugh begins the story with Herman Hollerith's invention of punched-card machines used for tabulating the U.S. Census of 1890, showing how Hollerith's inventions and the business he established provided the primary basis for IBM. He tells why Hollerith merged his company in 1911 with two other companies to create the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which changed its name in 1924 to International Business Machines. Thomas J. Watson, who was hired in 1914 to manage the merged companies, exhibited remarkable technological insight and leadership—in addition to his widely heralded salesmanship—to build Hollerith's business into a virtual monopoly of the rapidly growing punched-card equipment business. The fascinating inside story of the transfer of authority from the senior Watson to his older son, Thomas J. Watson Jr., and the company's rapid domination of the computer industry occupy the latter half of the book. In two final chapters, Pugh examines conditions and events of the 1970s and 1980s and identifies the underlying causes of the severe probems IBM experienced in the 1990s.

Punched Card Equipment

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Punched Card Equipment by : Joseph Levy

Download or read book Punched Card Equipment written by Joseph Levy and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Development of Punch Card Tabulation in the Bureau of the Census, 1890-1940

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Punch Card Tabulation in the Bureau of the Census, 1890-1940 by : Leon Edgar Truesdell

Download or read book The Development of Punch Card Tabulation in the Bureau of the Census, 1890-1940 written by Leon Edgar Truesdell and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880–1945

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Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801898722
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880–1945 by : Lars Heide

Download or read book Punched-Card Systems and the Early Information Explosion, 1880–1945 written by Lars Heide and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when Internet use is closely tracked and social networking sites supply data for targeted advertising, Lars Heide presents the first academic study of the invention that fueled today’s information revolution: the punched card. Early punched cards helped to process the United States census in 1890. They soon proved useful in calculating invoices and issuing pay slips. As demand for more sophisticated systems and reading machines increased in both the United States and Europe, punched cards served ever-larger data-processing purposes. Insurance companies, public utilities, businesses, and governments all used them to keep detailed records of their customers, competitors, employees, citizens, and enemies. The United States used punched-card registers in the late 1930s to pay roughly 21 million Americans their Social Security pensions, Vichy France used similar technologies in an attempt to mobilize an army against the occupying German forces, and the Germans in 1941 developed several punched-card registers to make the war effort—and surveillance of minorities—more effective. Heide’s analysis of these three major punched-card systems, as well as the impact of the invention on Great Britain, illustrates how different cultures collected personal and financial data and how they adapted to new technologies. This comparative study will interest students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including the history of technology, computer science, business history, and management and organizational studies.

IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262161237
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems by : Emerson W. Pugh

Download or read book IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems written by Emerson W. Pugh and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No product offering has had greater impact on the computer industry than the IBM System/360. This book describes the creation of this remarkable system and the developments it spawned, including its successor, System/370.

Punched Cards, Their Applications to Science and Industry

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Punched Cards, Their Applications to Science and Industry by : Robert S. Casey

Download or read book Punched Cards, Their Applications to Science and Industry written by Robert S. Casey and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Brief History of Computing

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 144712359X
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis A Brief History of Computing by : Gerard O'Regan

Download or read book A Brief History of Computing written by Gerard O'Regan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively and fascinating text traces the key developments in computation – from 3000 B.C. to the present day – in an easy-to-follow and concise manner. Topics and features: ideal for self-study, offering many pedagogical features such as chapter-opening key topics, chapter introductions and summaries, exercises, and a glossary; presents detailed information on major figures in computing, such as Boole, Babbage, Shannon, Turing, Zuse and Von Neumann; reviews the history of software engineering and of programming languages, including syntax and semantics; discusses the progress of artificial intelligence, with extension to such key disciplines as philosophy, psychology, linguistics, neural networks and cybernetics; examines the impact on society of the introduction of the personal computer, the World Wide Web, and the development of mobile phone technology; follows the evolution of a number of major technology companies, including IBM, Microsoft and Apple.

IBM and the Holocaust

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780914153702
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (537 download)

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Book Synopsis IBM and the Holocaust by : Edwin Black

Download or read book IBM and the Holocaust written by Edwin Black and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Punched Cards, Their Applications to Science and Industry

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Punched Cards, Their Applications to Science and Industry by : Robert S. Casey

Download or read book Punched Cards, Their Applications to Science and Industry written by Robert S. Casey and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Early British Computers

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Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780719008108
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Early British Computers by : Simon Hugh Lavington

Download or read book Early British Computers written by Simon Hugh Lavington and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The IBM Century

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Publisher : IEEE Computer Society Press
ISBN 13 : 9780769546117
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis The IBM Century by : Jeffrey R. Yost

Download or read book The IBM Century written by Jeffrey R. Yost and published by IEEE Computer Society Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than a century ago Herman Hollerith pioneered punch card tabulation technology. In 1911 his enterprise became the centerpiece of a new corporation (renamed in the 1920s), International Business Machines (IBM). Over the past century IBM has transformed how we record, calculate, and process information -- forever changing business, science, engineering, government, and leisure. Far more than any other firm, IBM created the IT revolution. This unique volume brings together fascinating memoirs of key IBM engineers and managers of the past 100 years -- from Walter Jones, who started as a sales engineer in 1912 and rose through the ranks for three decades, to Cuthbert Hurd, James Birkenstock, Bob Evans, John Backus, Watts Humphrey, and others who led IBM to supremacy in digital computing and software. It details punch card tabulation, IBM's entrance into computing, and the transformative IBM hardware (IBM 650, IBM 1401, System/360) and software (FORTRAN, SABRE, IMS) that changed the world. The IBM Century contains an IBM timeline, the most comprehensive IBM annotated bibliography to date, and a new introductory essay that characterizes IBM's 100-year history and contextualizes each of the memoirs.

Print Punch. Artefacts from the Punch Card Computing Era

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781916412132
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Print Punch. Artefacts from the Punch Card Computing Era by :

Download or read book Print Punch. Artefacts from the Punch Card Computing Era written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data used to be physical. In an era when 1s and 0s seem to hover above our heads, 'Print Punch' returns to the heyday of the punch card?to a time when you could touch (and punch) data. The aesthetics of this early move towards automation represent a unique moment in our history, when we designed for machines instead of human beings. Rigorous constraints, inherent in punch card technology, unwittingly birthed a coherent design language: rhythm in grids, punched absences and presences, and the patterns in them dancing to their own machine logic. Now obsolete, punch cards were the primary method of data storage and processing from the 1890s until the late 1970s; spanning almost a century of ubiquitous utility, the artefacts of that era sit between these pages to be examined anew.0Featuring over 200 punch cards, 150 archival images and essays by Steven E Jones, Sandra Rendgen and John L Walters.

A History of Modern Computing, second edition

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262532037
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Modern Computing, second edition by : Paul E. Ceruzzi

Download or read book A History of Modern Computing, second edition written by Paul E. Ceruzzi and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-04-08 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the first digital computer to the dot-com crash—a story of individuals, institutions, and the forces that led to a series of dramatic transformations. This engaging history covers modern computing from the development of the first electronic digital computer through the dot-com crash. The author concentrates on five key moments of transition: the transformation of the computer in the late 1940s from a specialized scientific instrument to a commercial product; the emergence of small systems in the late 1960s; the beginning of personal computing in the 1970s; the spread of networking after 1985; and, in a chapter written for this edition, the period 1995-2001. The new material focuses on the Microsoft antitrust suit, the rise and fall of the dot-coms, and the advent of open source software, particularly Linux. Within the chronological narrative, the book traces several overlapping threads: the evolution of the computer's internal design; the effect of economic trends and the Cold War; the long-term role of IBM as a player and as a target for upstart entrepreneurs; the growth of software from a hidden element to a major character in the story of computing; and the recurring issue of the place of information and computing in a democratic society. The focus is on the United States (though Europe and Japan enter the story at crucial points), on computing per se rather than on applications such as artificial intelligence, and on systems that were sold commercially and installed in quantities.

Humble Pi

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0593084691
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Humble Pi by : Matt Parker

Download or read book Humble Pi written by Matt Parker and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER AN ADAM SAVAGE BOOK CLUB PICK The book-length answer to anyone who ever put their hand up in math class and asked, “When am I ever going to use this in the real world?” “Fun, informative, and relentlessly entertaining, Humble Pi is a charming and very readable guide to some of humanity's all-time greatest miscalculations—that also gives you permission to feel a little better about some of your own mistakes.” —Ryan North, author of How to Invent Everything Our whole world is built on math, from the code running a website to the equations enabling the design of skyscrapers and bridges. Most of the time this math works quietly behind the scenes . . . until it doesn’t. All sorts of seemingly innocuous mathematical mistakes can have significant consequences. Math is easy to ignore until a misplaced decimal point upends the stock market, a unit conversion error causes a plane to crash, or someone divides by zero and stalls a battleship in the middle of the ocean. Exploring and explaining a litany of glitches, near misses, and mathematical mishaps involving the internet, big data, elections, street signs, lotteries, the Roman Empire, and an Olympic team, Matt Parker uncovers the bizarre ways math trips us up, and what this reveals about its essential place in our world. Getting it wrong has never been more fun.

Hollerith punched card code

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Hollerith punched card code by : United States. National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Hollerith punched card code written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Computing Before Computers

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Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Computing Before Computers by : William Aspray

Download or read book Computing Before Computers written by William Aspray and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1990 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: