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Public Perception Of Illicit Tobacco Trade
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Book Synopsis Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market by : National Research Council
Download or read book Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.
Book Synopsis Public Perception of Illicit Tobacco Trade by :
Download or read book Public Perception of Illicit Tobacco Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Strategy "Stepping up the fight against cigarette smuggling and other forms of illicit trade in tobacco products" was set out in a Policy Communication issued by the European Commission in June 2013. Member States expressed their support via the Council Conclusions adopted in December 2013. The estimated loss to the EU and national budgets from cigarette smuggling and other forms of illicit trade in tobacco products, is EUR 10 billion per year. The effect of this illegal activity is both damaging to public health and proven to finance organised crime. The tobacco black market also targets vulnerable groups in society, undermining strategies to dissuade the consumption of tobacco products. The 2013 Strategy was accompanied by an Action Plan including a targeted action on awareness raising emphasising the links between cigarette smuggling and organised crime.^Against this backdrop, this report brings together the findings of the Eurobarometer Survey on the "Public perception of illicit tobacco trade", which was conducted in the 28 Member States of the EU. The aim of the survey was to uncover and explore the attitudes and opinions of Europeans in regard to the following topics: § Perceptions of the black market in cigarettes; § Thoughts on the key revenue sources of organised crime groups; § Opinions on the main reasons for smoking illicit cigarettes; This survey was carried out by TNS Opinion & Social network in the 28 Member States of the European Union between 28 November and 7 December 2015. Some 27,672 respondents from different social and demographic groups were interviewed face-to-face at home and in their mother tongue. The survey was commissioned by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF).^The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by the Directorate-General for Communication ("Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer" Unit). The technical specifications related to the manner in which interviews were conducted by the institutes within the TNS Opinion & Social network and to the confidence intervals are annexed to this report. These annexes also include the questionnaire and the result tables.
Book Synopsis Brexit and the Control of Tobacco Illicit Trade by : Marina Foltea
Download or read book Brexit and the Control of Tobacco Illicit Trade written by Marina Foltea and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the consequences of Brexit for the control of illicit trade in tobacco products in the UK and EU. Based on the currently applicable legal framework, it examines the significance of a possible non-application of the acquis communautaire in the UK in matters relating to anti-illicit trade in tobacco legislation. It also analyses the modes of future cooperation between the UK and the EU in this area, as well as possible regulatory scenarios and their consequences. The book comprises six main sections. After the introduction (Section 1), Section 2 discusses the state of play of Brexit and possible outcomes of Article 50 of the Treaty of European Union procedure. Section 3 illustrates the data and trends of illicit tobacco trade in the UK. Section 4 describes the relevant legal (e.g. trade and fiscal measures) and enforcement frameworks in the UK and suggests possible post-Brexit scenarios in control of tobacco illicit trade. Section 5 focuses on the relevance of arrangements between governments and the tobacco industry in the control of illicit trade. Section 6 then analyses the relevance of key EU and global anti-illicit trade initiatives. Lastly, Section 7 the book offers some recommendations and conclusions on how the UK could control illicit trade in tobacco after Brexit.
Book Synopsis Combatting Illicit Trade on the EU Border by : Celina Nowak
Download or read book Combatting Illicit Trade on the EU Border written by Celina Nowak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides the first-ever comparative study on criminal policy concerning the illicit trade of tobacco, conducted among four comparatively new EU Member States (Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Romania) and two "old" EU countries (Germany and Italy). The book addresses the national legal frameworks, current criminological situation regarding illicit trade of tobacco, and the practical challenges faced by national law enforcement authorities in the countries examined. It also considers the international framework, and concludes with a horizontal report. The objective of the book is to highlight legislative and practical challenges in the fight against illegal tobacco products at the national and transnational level, and to formulate recommendations for overcoming them more effectively in Europe.--
Download or read book Illicit Trade written by OECD and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the magnitude, flows and drivers of illicit trade and the illegal economy including: narcotics, human trafficking, wildlife, sports betting, counterfeit medicines, alcohol and tobacco. The negative socio-economic impacts that these markets have in consumer countries are as worrisome as the goverance gaps that are exploited in source countries. This report examines each illicit sector in terms of the geographic sources, destinations and key trade routes, the current trend of infiltration by organized crime networks, and good practices or future policy solutions with which to combat illicit trade within the various sectors.
Book Synopsis Growing Up Tobacco Free by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Growing Up Tobacco Free written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth. We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertisingâ€"more than $10 million worth every dayâ€"have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products? These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use. Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined. With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.
Book Synopsis Understanding Current Problems and Practices in the Illicit Tobacco Trade and Their Implications for Public Health by : Allen William Andrew Gallagher
Download or read book Understanding Current Problems and Practices in the Illicit Tobacco Trade and Their Implications for Public Health written by Allen William Andrew Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Combatting Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products by : Stanisław Tosza
Download or read book Combatting Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products written by Stanisław Tosza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the enforcement aspect of tobacco control policy, and argues that the intense regulation of the tobacco market will never be successful as long as it can be circumvented by the availability of illicit tobacco products. Yet, current efforts to combat illicit tobacco trade are insufficient, suffering from several flaws and gaps at the regulatory and operational levels. The aim of this book is to provide an analysis of the legal framework and practice of enforcement with regard to illicit tobacco products. Combining criminological and legal perspectives, it presents and critically analyses the phenomenon of illicit tobacco trade, as well as the policies, legal frameworks and practices in six EU countries with regard to combatting this phenomenon, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of their approaches. Furthermore, it studies the relationship between the EU and third countries (e.g. Ukraine) in terms of how the EU can influence policy and enforcement in these countries in order to counter illicit tobacco trafficking. Not exclusively focusing on the EU, the book also includes an analysis of enforcement against illicit tobacco products in the US. The EU Member States analysed in the book (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands and Poland) reflect the range of currently available approaches. Some of them have ratified the WHO Protocol against tobacco smuggling; others have not. They belong to different legal traditions and face different challenges due to their respective border situations. While Belgium and the Netherlands are key entry ports to the EU, Poland and Latvia represent the Eastern land border of the EU, with various regional challenges. Italy has a long maritime border, where trafficking is possible from Northern Africa and from the Middle East. It also has significant experience in fighting organised crime. Lastly, Germany is the largest market in Europe and situated in the middle of these trafficking routes.
Book Synopsis International Crime and Justice by : Mangai Natarajan
Download or read book International Crime and Justice written by Mangai Natarajan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International crime and justice is an emerging field that covers international and transnational crimes that have not been the focus of mainstream criminology or criminal justice. This book examines the field from a global perspective. It provides an introduction to the nature of international and transnational crimes and the theoretical perspectives that assist in understanding the relationship between social change and the waxing and waning of the crime opportunities resulting from globalization, migration, and culture conflicts. Written by a team of world experts, it examines the central role of victim rights in the development of legal frameworks for the prevention and control of transnational and international crimes. It also discusses the challenges to delivering justice and obtaining international cooperation in efforts to deter, detect, and respond to these crimes.
Book Synopsis How to Design and Enforce Tobacco Excises? by : Patrick Petit
Download or read book How to Design and Enforce Tobacco Excises? written by Patrick Petit and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-11-04 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxing tobacco can help raise much needed revenue and save lives, but it needs to be done well. This “How-to” note provides guidance on the basics of tobacco taxation. How high should tobacco taxes be? Should we use ad valorem or specific taxes? What are the key elements of an efficient tax administration that will secure the tax base and prevent illegal trade? These are important questions that need to be addressed and this note provide a sound first step towards solid policy decisions.
Book Synopsis Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.
Book Synopsis Illegal Trade of Tobacco Products by :
Download or read book Illegal Trade of Tobacco Products written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The illicit trade of tobacco products poses major health, economic and security concerns around the world. It is estimated that one in every 10 cigarettes and tobacco products consumed globally is illicit. It is for this reason that combatting the illegal tobacco trade is the theme of the World Health Organization's (WHO) annual World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) in 2015. A key objective of the campaign will be to advocate for the ratification and implementation by governments of the Protocol to Eliminate the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products (ITP), which is a supplementary treaty to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). The Convention Secretariat of the WHO FCTC has joined the WNTD campaign with the aim of supporting implementation of Article 15 of the WHO FCTC to 'take measures to eliminate the illicit trade of tobacco products, including smuggling, illicit manufacturing and counterfeiting,' and promoting the entry into force of the ITP. So far seven parties to the WHO FCTC have ratified the ITP, and 33 more are needed for it to become international law. The overall objective of World No Tobacco Day is for WHO and its partners to highlight the health risks associated with tobacco use and advocate for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption. The tobacco epidemic is one of the world's biggest-ever public health threats, killing nearly six million people annually. The illicit tobacco trade is supported by various players ranging from petty peddlers to organized criminal networks involved in arms and human trafficking. The tobacco industry also covertly and overtly supports the illegal trade, from providing products to the market to working to block implementation of comprehensive tobacco-control measures by trying to convince governments to believe that any further legislative measures, such as pictorial health warnings or tax increases, will lead to more illicit trade. Stopping illicit trade in tobacco products is a health priority, and it is achievable. But to do so requires improvement of national and sub-national tax administration systems and international collaboration, such as ratification and implementation of the ITP. "--Page 5
Author :IARC Working Group on the Effectiveness of Tax and Price Policies for Tobacco Control Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :380 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Effectiveness of Tax and Price Policies for Tobacco Control by : IARC Working Group on the Effectiveness of Tax and Price Policies for Tobacco Control
Download or read book Effectiveness of Tax and Price Policies for Tobacco Control written by IARC Working Group on the Effectiveness of Tax and Price Policies for Tobacco Control and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of the IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention in Tobacco Control presents a critical review and evaluation of the evidence by 25 international experts from twelve countries on the economics, epidemiology, public policy and tobacco control aspects of tax and price policies. The working group draws conclusions about the effectiveness of tax and price measures to control tobacco use in the population. The Handbook covers an overview of tobacco taxation; industry pricing strategies and other industry initiatives diluting the effects of taxes on consumption; tax, price and aggregated demand for tobacco, as well as demand at the individual level in adults, young people and the economically disadvantaged; tax avoidance and tax evasion and the economic and health impacts of tobacco taxation. This body of evidence and the consensus evaluation of 18 concluding statements on the impact of interventions to increase the price of tobacco products, can assist policy makers, government officials, evaluators and researchers working in tobacco control and disease prevention, to base their decisions on the latest scientific evidence.
Book Synopsis Illicit Trade Governance Frameworks to Counter Illicit Trade by : OECD
Download or read book Illicit Trade Governance Frameworks to Counter Illicit Trade written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines governance frameworks to counter illicit trade. It looks at the adequacy and effectiveness of sanctions and penalties applicable, the steps parties engaged in illicit trade take to lower the risk of detection - for example through small shipments - and the use of free trade ...
Download or read book Smoke & Mirrors written by Rob Cunningham and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1996 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smoke and Mirrors: The Canadian tobacco war
Book Synopsis Ending the Tobacco Problem by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Ending the Tobacco Problem written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-27 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco consumption continues to be the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products - specifically cigarettes, cigarette tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, and smokeless tobacco - to protect public health and reduce tobacco use in the United States. Given the strong social component inherent to tobacco use onset, cessation, and relapse, and given the heterogeneity of those social interactions, agent-based models have the potential to be an essential tool in assessing the effects of policies to control tobacco. Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation describes the complex tobacco environment; discusses the usefulness of agent-based models to inform tobacco policy and regulation; presents an evaluation framework for policy-relevant agent-based models; examines the role and type of data needed to develop agent-based models for tobacco regulation; provides an assessment of the agent-based model developed for FDA; and offers strategies for using agent-based models to inform decision making in the future.
