Provocative Syntax

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Provocative Syntax

Author : Phil Branigan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262515598
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Provocative Syntax by : Phil Branigan

Download or read book Provocative Syntax written by Phil Branigan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new theory of syntactic movement within a Chomskyan framework. Chomsky showed that no description of natural language syntax would be adequate without some notion of movement operations in a syntactic derivation. It now seems likely that such movement transformations are formally simple operations, in which a single phrase is displaced from its original position within a phrase marker, but after more than fifty years of generative theorizing, the mechanics of syntactic movement are still murky and controversial. In Provocative Syntax, Phil Branigan examines the forces that drive syntactic movement and offers a new synthetic model of the basic movement operation by reassembling in a novel way isolated ideas that have been suggested elsewhere in the literature. The unifying concept is the operation of provocation, which occurs in the course of feature valuation when certain probes seek a value for their unvalued features by identifying a goal. Provocation forces the generation of a copy of the goal; the copy originates outside the original phrase marker and must then be introduced into it. In this approach, movement is not forced by the need for extra positions; extra positions are generated because movement is taking place. After presenting the central proposal and showing its implementation in the analyses of various familiar cases of syntactic movement, Branigan demonstrates the effects of provocation in a variety of inversion constructions, examines interactions between head and phrasal provocation within the "left periphery" of Germanic embedded clauses, and describes the details of chain formation and successive cyclic movement in a provocation model.

Syntax in the Treetops

Author : Shigeru Miyagawa
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262369087
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Syntax in the Treetops by : Shigeru Miyagawa

Download or read book Syntax in the Treetops written by Shigeru Miyagawa and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-05-03 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal that syntax extends to the domain of discourse in making core syntax link to the conversational context. In Syntax in the Treetops, Shigeru Miyagawa proposes that syntax extends into the domain of discourse by making linkages between core syntax and the conversational participants. Miyagawa draws on evidence for this extended syntactic structure from a wide variety of languages, including Basque, Japanese, Italian, Magahi, Newari, Romanian, and Spanish, as well as the language of children with autism. His proposal for what happens at the highest level of the tree structure used by linguists to represent the hierarchical relationships within sentences—“in the treetops”—offers a unique contribution to the new area of study sometimes known as “syntacticization of discourse.” Miyagawa’s main point is that syntax provides the basic framework that makes possible the performance of a speech act and the conveyance of meaning; although the role that syntax plays for speech acts is modest, it is critical. He proposes that the speaker-addressee layer and the Commitment Phrase (the speaker’s commitment to the addressee of the truthfulness of the proposition) occur together in the syntactic treetops. In each succeeding chapter, Miyagawa examines the working of each layer of the tree and how they interact.

A Syntax of Substance

Author : David Adger
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262312247
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis A Syntax of Substance by : David Adger

Download or read book A Syntax of Substance written by David Adger and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new approach to grammar and meaning of relational nouns is presented along with its empirical consequences. In A Syntax of Substance, David Adger proposes a new approach to phrase structure that eschews functional heads and labels structures exocentrically. His proposal simultaneously simplifies the syntactic system and restricts the range of possible structures, ruling out the ubiquitous (remnant) roll-up derivations and forcing a separation of arguments from their apparent heads. This new system has a number of empirical consequences, which Adger explores in the domain of relational nominals across different language families, including Germanic, Romance, Celtic, Polynesian, and Semitic. He shows that the relationality of such nouns as hand, edge, or mother—which seem to have as part of their meaning a relation between substances—is actually part of the syntactic representation in which they are used rather than an inherent part of their meaning. This empirical outcome follows directly from the new syntactic system, as does a novel analysis of PP complements to nouns and possessors. Given this, he argues that nouns can, in general, be thought of as simply specifications of substance, differentiating them from true predicates. A Syntax of Substance offers an innovative contribution to debates in theoretical syntax about the nature of syntactic representations and how they connect to semantic interpretation and linear order.

Concepts, Syntax, and Their Interface

Author : Tanya Reinhart
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262034131
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts, Syntax, and Their Interface by : Tanya Reinhart

Download or read book Concepts, Syntax, and Their Interface written by Tanya Reinhart and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic exposition of Reinhart's Theta System, with extensive annotations and essays that capture subsequent developments.

The Syntax of Multiple-que Sentences in Spanish

Author : Julio Villa-García
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027269106
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis The Syntax of Multiple-que Sentences in Spanish by : Julio Villa-García

Download or read book The Syntax of Multiple-que Sentences in Spanish written by Julio Villa-García and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2015-03-20 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complementizers offer a window into the architecture of the left-periphery and further our understanding of the demarcation of the boundaries between the C(omplementizer) and T(ense) domains. Using the articulated left-periphery as a laboratory and Spanish constructions featuring more than one complementizer as a point of departure, the author delivers new insights into the syntactic positions and behavior of Spanish complementizer que along the left edge. These observations have far-reaching consequences to such fundamental linguistic concepts as the derivation of left dislocations, ellipsis, and locality of movement. Of great interest to syntax graduate students and researchers in general, this volume provides a stepping stone to cracking the code on several current syntactic questions, including the widely-contested position of preverbal subjects in null-subject languages like Spanish. In addition, it offers the linguist a bountiful toolbox for the cross-linguistic investigation of a number of left-peripheral and clausal phenomena.

Situations and Syntactic Structures

Author : Gillian Catriona Ramchand
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262535033
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Situations and Syntactic Structures by : Gillian Catriona Ramchand

Download or read book Situations and Syntactic Structures written by Gillian Catriona Ramchand and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new theory of the syntax-semantics interface that relies on hierarchical orderings in language, with the English auxiliary system as its empirical ground. Research in syntax has found that there is a hierarchical ordering of projections within the verb phrase across languages (although researchers differ with respect to how fine grained they assume the hierarchy to be). In Situations and Syntactic Structures, Gillian Ramchand explores the hierarchy of the verb phrase from a semantic perspective, attempting to derive it from semantically sorted zones in the compositional semantics. The empirical ground is the auxiliary ordering found in the grammar of English. The “situation” in the title refers to the semanticists' notion of eventuality that is the central element of the ontology of the formal semantics of verbal meaning. Ramchand discusses the semantic notion of situations in relation to the hierarchical ordering evidenced in syntactic structures and tries to bridge semantic and syntactic ontologies. She proposes and formalizes a new theory of semantic zones, and presents an explicitly semantic and morphological analysis of all the auxiliary constructions of English that derive their rigid order of composition without recourse to lexical item–specific ordering statements.

Russian Case Morphology and the Syntactic Categories

Author : David Pesetsky
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026252502X
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Russian Case Morphology and the Syntactic Categories by : David Pesetsky

Download or read book Russian Case Morphology and the Syntactic Categories written by David Pesetsky and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-12-27 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal for a radical new view of case morphology, supported by a detailed investigation of some of the thorniest topics in Russian grammar. In this book, David Pesetsky argues that the peculiarities of Russian nominal phrases provide significant clues concerning the syntactic side of morphological case. Pesetsky argues against the traditional view that case categories such as nominative or genitive have a special status in the grammar of human languages. Supporting his argument with a detailed analysis of a complex array of morpho-syntactic phenomena in the Russian noun phrase (with brief excursions to other languages), he proposes instead that the case categories are just part-of-speech features copied as morphology from head to dependent as syntactic structure is built. Pesetsky presents a careful investigation of one of the thorniest topics in Russian grammar, the morpho-syntax of noun phrases with numerals (including those traditionally called the paucals). He argues that these bewilderingly complex facts can be explained if case categories are viewed simply as parts of speech, assigned as morphology. Pesetsky's analysis is notable for offering a new theoretical perspective on some of the most puzzling areas of Russian grammar, a highly original account of nominal case that significantly affects our understanding of an important property of language.

Syntactic Change in French

Author : Sam Wolfe
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198864310
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Syntactic Change in French by : Sam Wolfe

Download or read book Syntactic Change in French written by Sam Wolfe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-22 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most comprehensive and detailed formal account to date of the evolution of French syntax. It makes use of the latest formal syntactic tools and combines careful textual analysis with a detailed synthesis of the research literature to provide a novel analysis of the major syntactic developments in the history of French. The empirical scope of the volume is exceptionally broad, and includes discussion of syntactic variation and change in Latin, Old, Middle, Renaissance, and Classical French, and standard and non-standard varieties of Modern French. Following an introduction to the general trends in grammatical change from Latin to French, Sam Wolfe explores a wide range of phenomena including the left periphery, subject positions and null subjects, verb movement, object placement, negation, and the makeup of the nominal expression. The book concludes with a comparative analysis of how French has come to develop the unique typological profile it has within Romance today. The volume will thus be an indispensable tool for researchers and students in French and comparative Romance linguistics, as well as for readers interested in grammatical theory and historical linguistics more broadly.

Essays on the Representational and Derivational Nature of Grammar

Author : Joseph Aoun
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262511322
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on the Representational and Derivational Nature of Grammar by : Joseph Aoun

Download or read book Essays on the Representational and Derivational Nature of Grammar written by Joseph Aoun and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An empirical study of wh-interrogatives and relative constructions and theoretical investigation of chain formation in grammar.

Merge

Author : Barbara Citko
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262361256
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Merge by : Barbara Citko

Download or read book Merge written by Barbara Citko and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that Merge is binary but its binarity refers to syntactic positions rather than objects. In this book, Barbara Citko and Martina Gračanin-Yüksek examine the constraints on Merge--the basic structure-building operation in minimalist syntax--from a multidominant perspective. They maintain that Merge is binary, but argue that the binarity of Merge refers to syntactic positions Merge relates: what has typically been formulated as a constraint that prevents Merge from combining more than two syntactic objects is a constraint on Merge's relating more than two syntactic positions.

Cardinals

Author : Tania Ionin
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262349019
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardinals by : Tania Ionin

Download or read book Cardinals written by Tania Ionin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that complex cardinals are not extra-linguistic but built using standard syntax and standard principles of semantic composition. In Cardinals, Tania Ionin and Ora Matushansky offer a semantic and syntactic analysis of nominal expressions containing complex cardinals (for example, two hundred and thirty-five books). They show that complex cardinals are not an extra-linguistic phenomenon (as is often assumed) but built using standard syntax and standard principles of semantic composition. Complex cardinals can tell us as much about syntactic structure and semantic composition as other linguistic expressions. Ionin and Matushansky show that their analysis accounts for the internal composition of cardinal-containing constructions cross-linguistically, providing examples from more than fifteen languages. They demonstrate that their proposal is compatible with a variety of related phenomena, including modified numerals, measure nouns, and fractions. Ionin and Matushansky show that a semantic or syntactic account that captures the behavior of a simplex cardinal (such as five) does not automatically transfer to a complex cardinal (such as five thousand and forty-six) and propose a compositional analysis of complex cardinals. They consider the lexical categories of simplex cardinals and their role in the construction of complex cardinals; examine in detail the numeral systems of selected languages, including Slavic and Semitic languages; discuss linguistic constructions that contain cardinals; address extra-linguistic conventions on the construction of complex cardinals; and, drawing on data from Modern Hebrew, Basque, Russian, and Dutch, show that modified numerals and partitives are compatible with their analysis.

A Selectional Theory of Adjunct Control

Author : Idan Landau
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262542854
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis A Selectional Theory of Adjunct Control by : Idan Landau

Download or read book A Selectional Theory of Adjunct Control written by Idan Landau and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel, systematic theory of adjunct control, explaining how and why adjuncts shift between obligatory and nonobligatory control. Control in adjuncts involves a complex interaction of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, which so far has resisted systematic analysis. In this book, Idan Landau offers the first comprehensive account of adjunct control. Extending the framework developed in his earlier book, A Two-Tiered Theory of Control, Landau analyzes ten different types of adjuncts and shows that they fall into two categories: those displaying strict obligatory control (OC) and those alternating between OC and nonobligatory control (NOC). He explains how and why adjuncts shift between OC and NOC, unifying their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties. Landau shows that the split between the two types of adjuncts reflects a fundamental distinction in the semantic type of the adjunct: property (OC) or proposition (NOC), a distinction independently detectable by the adjunct's tolerance to a lexical subject. After presenting a fully compositional account of controlled adjuncts, Landau tests and confirms the specific configurational predictions for each type of adjunct. He describes the interplay between OC and NOC in terms of general principles of competition--both within the grammar and outside of it, in the pragmatics and in the processing module--shedding new light on classical puzzles in the acquisition of adjunct control by children. Along the way, he addresses a range of empirical phenomena, including implicit arguments, event control, logophoricity, and topicality.

Contiguity Theory

Author : Norvin Richards
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262528827
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Contiguity Theory by : Norvin Richards

Download or read book Contiguity Theory written by Norvin Richards and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-06-24 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that the word order of a given language is largely predictable from independently observable facts about its phonology and morphology. Languages differ in the types of overt movement they display. For example, some languages (including English) require subjects to move to a preverbal position, while others (including Italian) allow subjects to remain postverbal. In its current form, Minimalism offers no real answer to the question of why these different types of movements are distributed among languages as they are. In Contiguity Theory, Norvin Richards argues that there are universal conditions on morphology and phonology, particularly in how the prosodic structures of language can be built, and that these universal structures interact with language-specific properties of phonology and morphology. He argues that the grammar begins the construction of phonological structure earlier in the derivation than previously thought, and that the distribution of overt movement operations is largely determined by the grammar's efforts to construct this structure. Rather than appealing to diacritic features, the explanations will generally be rooted in observable phenomena. Richards posits a different kind of relation between syntax and morphology than is usually found in Minimalism. According to his Contiguity Theory, if we know, for example, what inflectional morphology is attached to the verb in a given language, and what the rules are for where stress is placed in the verb, then we will know where the verb goes in the sentence. Ultimately, the goal is to construct a theory in which a complete description of the phonology and morphology of a given language is also a description of its syntax.

Classical NEG Raising

Author : Chris Collins
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262027313
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Classical NEG Raising by : Chris Collins

Download or read book Classical NEG Raising written by Chris Collins and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Chris Collins and Pauk Postal consider examples such the one below on the interpretation where Nancy thinks that this course is not interesting: Nancy doesn't think this course is interesting. They argue such examples instantiate a kind of syntactic raising that they term Classical NEG Raising. This involves the raising of a NEG (negation) from the embedded clause to the matrix clause. Collins and Postal develop three main arguments to support their claim. First, they show that Classical NEG Raising obeys island constraints. Second, they document that a syntactic raising analysis predicts both the grammaticality and particular properties of what they term Horn clauses (named for Laurence Horn, who discovered them). Finally, they argue that the properties of certain parenthetical structures strongly support the syntactic character of Classical NEG Raising. Collins and Postal also offer a detailed analysis of the main argument in the literature against a syntactic raising analysis (which they call the Composed Quantifier Argument). They show that the facts appealed to in this argument not only fail to conflict with their approach but actually support a syntactic view. In the course of their argument, Collins and Postal touch on a variety of related topics, including the syntax of negative polarity items, the status of sequential negation, and the scope of negative quantifiers. Chris Collins is Professor of Linguistics at New York University. Paul M. Postal is the author of many books, including On Raising and Edge-Based Clausal Syntax (both published by the MIT Press) Collins and Postal are coauthors of Imposters: A Study of Pronominal Agreement (MIT Press). Book jacket.

Voice and v

Author : Julie Anne Legate
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262526603
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and v by : Julie Anne Legate

Download or read book Voice and v written by Julie Anne Legate and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of the syntactic structure of voice and v, using Acehnese (Malayo-Polynesian) as the empirical starting point. In Voice and v, Julie Anne Legate investigates the syntactic structure of voice, using Acehnese as the empirical starting point. A central claim is that voice is encoded in a functional projection, VoiceP, which is distinct from, and higher than, vP. Legate further claims that VoiceP may be associated with phi-features that semantically restrict the external argument position but do not saturate it. Through minor variations in the properties of VoiceP, Legate explains a wide range of non-canonical voice constructions, including: agent-agreeing passives, grammatical object passives, impersonals, object voice constructions, and applicative voice in causatives. Her analysis draws on data from a typologically diverse set of languages, not only Malayo-Polynesian, but also Celtic, Scandinavian, and Slavic. Voice and v provides a detailed investigation into the syntactic structure of an understudied Malayo-Polynesian language, and thereby reveals important insights for the theoretical analysis of voice and the verb phrase. Moreover, the work applies and broadens these insights to a range of related passive-like constructions crosslinguistically. Voice and v thus joins a handful of model volumes that enlist typological depth and breadth to further our development of modern linguistic theory.

A Theory of Indexical Shift

Author : Amy Rose Deal
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262359138
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis A Theory of Indexical Shift by : Amy Rose Deal

Download or read book A Theory of Indexical Shift written by Amy Rose Deal and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the semantics and syntax of indexical shift that develops a constrained typology of the phenomenon across languages. The phenomenon of indexical shift--whereby indexicals embedded in speech or attitude reports draw their meaning from an attitude event rather than the utterance context--has been reported in languages spanning five continents and at least ten language families. In this book, Amy Rose Deal offers a comprehensive overview of the semantics and syntax of indexical shift and develops a constrained typology of the phenomenon across languages--a picture of variation that is both rich enough to capture the known facts and restrictive enough to make predictions about currently unknown data points.

The Final-Over-Final Condition

Author : Michelle Sheehan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262534169
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Final-Over-Final Condition by : Michelle Sheehan

Download or read book The Final-Over-Final Condition written by Michelle Sheehan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the evidence for and the theoretical implications of a universal word order constraint, with data from a wide range of languages. This book presents evidence for a universal word order constraint, the Final-over-Final Condition (FOFC), and discusses the theoretical implications of this phenomenon. FOFC is a syntactic condition that disallows structures where a head-initial phrase is contained in a head-final phrase in the same extended projection/domain. The authors argue that FOFC is a linguistic universal, not just a strong tendency, and not a constraint on processing. They discuss the effects of the universal in various domains, including the noun phrase, the adjective phrase, the verb phrase, and the clause. The book draws on data from a wide range of languages, including Hindi, Turkish, Basque, Finnish, Afrikaans, German, Hungarian, French, English, Italian, Romanian, Arabic, Hebrew, Mandarin, Pontic Greek, Bagirmi, Dholuo, and Thai. FOFC, the authors argue, is important because it is the only known example of a word order asymmetry pertaining to the order of heads. As such, it has significant repercussions for theories connecting the narrow syntax to linear order.