The Eicosanoids

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047002061X
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Eicosanoids by : Peter Curtis-Prior

Download or read book The Eicosanoids written by Peter Curtis-Prior and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-07-16 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference work, updated from the first edition, brings together the knowledge and expertise of contributors from around the world. It includes new topics such as prostaglandin synthetase enzyme, new synthetic eicosanoids, innovative analytical methods, the influence of cytokines in the regulation of synthesis and actions, newer eicosanoids that influence the cardiovascular system, and newly discovered roles in reproduction and interactions with nitric oxide. This book satisfies a surge of interest in prostaglandins—NSAIDS (e.g. aspirin) are the biggest selling drugs of all time, and the field has been refreshed by the advent of new types (selective COX-2 inhibitors, anti-leukotiene drugs).

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Lipoxins, and PAF

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489907270
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Lipoxins, and PAF by : J. Martyn Bailey

Download or read book Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Lipoxins, and PAF written by J. Martyn Bailey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the XIth International Washington Spring Symposium at the George Washington University, held in Washington, D.C., May 13-17, 1991

Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813360097
Total Pages : 1156 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology by : Abialbon Paul

Download or read book Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology written by Abialbon Paul and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-13 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the pharmacological relationships between the various systems in the human body. It offers a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology concerning the autonomic, central, and peripheral nervous systems. Presenting up-to-date information on chemical mediators and their significance, it highlights the therapeutic aspects of several diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrinal, and hematopoietic systems. The book also includes drug therapy for microbial and neoplastic diseases. It also comprises sections on immunopharmacology, dermatological, and ocular pharmacology providing valuable insights into these emerging and recent topics. Covering the diverse groups of drugs acting on different systems, the book reviews their actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, interactions, and subcellular mechanisms of action. It is divided into 11 parts, subdivided into several chapters that evaluate the basic pharmacological principles that govern the different types of body systems. This book is intended for academicians, researchers, and clinicians in industry and academic institutions in pharmaceutical, pharmacological sciences, pharmacy, medical sciences, physiology, neurosciences, biochemistry, molecular biology and other allied health sciences.

Biochemistry of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780898387179
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Biochemistry of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism by : William E.M. Lands

Download or read book Biochemistry of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism written by William E.M. Lands and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1985-04-30 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series that will focus on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary car­ cinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be in­ volved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family of bioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, respec­ tively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prosta­ glandin E, (POE,), prostacyclin (POI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), whereas lipoxygenase products consist of hydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di- and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lip oxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis-the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengt Samuelsson's extensive study of the metabolism of pros­ taglandins indicated that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in or in the vicinity of target tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local hormones or autocoids.

Elsevier's Integrated Physiology E-Book

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323082912
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Elsevier's Integrated Physiology E-Book by : Robert G. Carroll

Download or read book Elsevier's Integrated Physiology E-Book written by Robert G. Carroll and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-12-04 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each title in the new Integrated series focuses on the core knowledge in a specific basic science discipline, while linking that information to related concepts from other disciplines. Case-based questions at the end of each chapter enable you to gauge your mastery of the material, and a color-coded format allows you to quickly find the specific guidance you need. Bonus STUDENT CONSULT access - included with the text - allows you to conveniently access the book's content online · clip content to your handheld device · link to content in other STUDENT CONSULT titles · and more! These concise and user-friendly references provide crucial guidance for the early years of medical training, as well as for exam preparation. - Includes case-based questions at the end of each chapter - Features a colour-coded format to facilitate quick reference and promote effective retention - Offers access to STUDENT CONSULT! At www.studentconsult.com, you'll find the complete text and illustrations of the book online, fully searchable · "Integration Links" to bonus content in other STUDENT CONSULT titles · content clipping for handheld devices · an interactive community center with a wealth of additional resources · and much more!

Microcirculation

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080569935
Total Pages : 999 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Microcirculation by : Ronald F. Tuma

Download or read book Microcirculation written by Ronald F. Tuma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 999 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference is a volume in the Handbook of Physiology, co-published with The American Physiological Society. Growth in knowledge about the microcirculation has been explosive with the field becoming fragmented into numerous subdisciplines and subspecialties. This volume pulls all of the critical information into one volume. - Meticulously edited and reviewed. Benefit: Provides investigators a unique tool to explore the significance of their findings in the context of other aspects of the microcirculation. In this way, the updated edition has a direct role in helping to develop new pathways of research and scholarship - Highlights the explosive growth in knowledge about the microcirculation including the biology of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), endothelial cell signaling, angiogenesis, cell adhesion molecules, lymphocyte trafficking, ion channels and receptors, and propagated vasomotor responses. Benefit: Microcirculatory biology has become fragmented into numerous sub-disciplines and subspecialties, and these reference reintegrates the information in one volume

Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461492092
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology by : Ian R. Mackay

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology written by Ian R. Mackay and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a broad appeal to microbiologists, immunologists, and infectious disease specialists, this four volume encyclopedia covers all autoimmune, tropical, and infectious diseases. Emphasis will also be placed on genetics, physiology, metabolism, pathogenesis and applied microbiology. Under the leadership of some of the most world renowned names in the field, the encyclopedia will bring together an outstanding collection of contributions by top scientists in a variety of fields. Volumes 1-3: Diseases will be divided by the 11 main sections of the body, namely Integumentary, Skeletal, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive. For some of the autoimmune disease, more then one system will be involved but the delineation serves to broadly break down the diseases into systems. Volume 4 will cover the vaccines for said diseases and future prospects will be offered by leaders in industry and academia. Volume 4 will also be broken down into all the body systems, as in the other two volumes. For each vaccine, for each disease, and in each system the following will be included: • A list of the vaccines currently available along with a list of the companies that manufacture them • Molecular Immunology of the Vaccine • Type of Immunity involved in protection • Mode of Vaccination for each vaccine; repeated boosters and length of immunological memory • Commercial production of vaccines • Storage of vaccines • Standardization and Control of Vaccines • WHO programs and World-Wide Disease Eradication Programs based upon Vaccines.

Veterinary Anaesthesia E-Book

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702054232
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Veterinary Anaesthesia E-Book by : Kathy W. Clarke

Download or read book Veterinary Anaesthesia E-Book written by Kathy W. Clarke and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-06-28 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a fully revised new edition of this essential text covering anaesthesia and analgesia in all large and small animal species. The new edition has greatly expanded sections on anaesthesia of exotic species such as small mammals, llamas, camels and many more, and also has a new section on anaesthesia of wild animals, both large and small, and birds. The book is divided into 3 sections; the first, Principles and Procedures covers pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, monitoring, sedation and premedication and much more. The second section comprises chapters on anaesthesia in all the main species and the third section covers anaesthesia in special cases, complications and crises ! Almost 200 prints and line illustrations enhance the comprehensive text, and make the new edition of Veterinary Anaesthesia 10/e an essential purchase for all vets ! - all large and small animal species covered in one book: includes new advances in anaesthesia in horses, birds, lab animals and wild animals - glossary of USA and UK drug names: up-dated coverage of all new anaesthetic agents in Europe and the USA - first section covers principles of drug action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics - the only book to discuss anaesthesia of individual species in detail: lot of info on anaesthesia of goats, sheep and other herbivores such as camels and llamas - also covers analgesia in all species - chapter on special cases such as anaesthesia in obstetrics - chapter on anaesthetic accidents and crises ! - Presents a range of new chapters from contributors of international repute. - The evidence base has been expanded and, wherever possible, information is supported by a review of the literature. - Now in colour throughout, the all-new design includes check-list boxes to facilitate understanding/troubleshooting and increase safety. - New illustrations have been added in many chapters to clarify practical points of technique.

Prostacyclin and Its Stable Analogue, Iloprost

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Prostacyclin and Its Stable Analogue, Iloprost by : Ryszard Gryglewski

Download or read book Prostacyclin and Its Stable Analogue, Iloprost written by Ryszard Gryglewski and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years after the discovery of prostacyclin, our knowledge of its biochemical mode of action, pharmacological properties, pathophysiological significance and therapeutic applications is ever expanding. Prostacyclin is both complex and unique as demonstrated by its unusual feature of being chemically and meta bolically unstable when compared to other prostanoids and known amine or peptide mediators. Although physiologically essential, the chemical instability of prostacyclin poses a serious drawback in laboratory and clinical studies. It is one of the genuine objectives of pharmaceutical research to supply synthetic compounds which overcome the inherent drawbacks - considering investigational and therapeutic use - of endogenous compounds. Whereas metabolic instability in certain cases could be of advantage, chemical instability definitely is not. With Iloprost, a molecule has been designed which - according to all data so far available - pertains high receptor affinity, metabolic instability (clinically this equates with a fine control of Iloprost's effects) while chemical stability has been achieved. By virtue of these characteristics Iloprost can be considered as one step towards specific interaction within the arachidonic acid cascade, namely the prostacyclin receptor. The aim of the symposium was to provide a critical experimental appraisal concerning the biochemical mode of action and pharmacological properties of prostacyclin and Iloprost.

Epidemiology of Endocrine Tumors

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128232668
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Epidemiology of Endocrine Tumors by : Jahangir Moini

Download or read book Epidemiology of Endocrine Tumors written by Jahangir Moini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidemiology of Endocrine Tumors brings current data and clinical research into one source for a multidisciplinary audience. The book discusses the prevalence, incidence, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of various endocrine tumors. With clear and focused writing, it is essential reading for healthcare professionals, endocrinologists, oncologists, and public health professionals. Users will be able to bridge the knowledge gap that exists in the comprehensive coverage surrounding the epidemiology of endocrine tumors. Globally, the prevalence and incidence of endocrine tumors is high. This audience needs a treatise where they can gain a broad overview of endocrine tumors with a focus on epidemiology. - Supplies information about the epidemiology of various endocrine tumors, both benign and malignant, to endocrinologists, oncologists and related health care professionals - Focuses on the impact upon costs and patient deaths due to complications of these tumors - Describes how endocrine tumors affect various age groups and ethnicities, discussing the prevention of endocrine tumors - Presents chapters on Cancer Problem, Specific Endocrine Tumors, Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, and Treatment of Endocrine Tumors - Provides review questions with an answer key and detailed glossary

Nutritional Oncology

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080454178
Total Pages : 847 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutritional Oncology by : George L. Blackburn

Download or read book Nutritional Oncology written by George L. Blackburn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-02 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional oncology is an increasingly active interdisciplinary field where cancer is investigated as both a systemic and local disease originating with the changes in the genome and progressing through a multi-step process which may be influenced at many points in its natural history by nutritional factors that could impact the prevention of cancer, the quality of life of cancer patients, and the risk of cancer recurrence in the rapidly increasing population of cancer survivors.Since the first edition of this book was published in 1999, the idea that there is a single gene pathway or single drug will provide a cure for cancer has given way to the general view that dietary/environmental factors impact the progression of genetic and cellular changes in common forms of cancer. This broad concept can now be investigated within a basic and clinical research context for specific types of cancer. This book attempts to cover the current available knowledge in this new field of nutritional oncology written by invited experts. This book attempts to provide not only the theoretical and research basis for nutritional oncology, but will offer the medical oncologist and other members of multidisciplinary groups treating cancer patients practical information on nutrition assessment and nutritional regimens, including micronutrient and phytochemical supplementation. The editors hope that this volume will stimulate increased research, education and patient application of the principles of nutritional oncology.NEW TO THIS EDITION:* Covers hot new topics of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in cancer cell growth * Includes new chapters on metabolic networks in cancer cell growth, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics* Presents substantially revised chapters on breast cancer and nutrition, prostate cancer and nutrition, and colon cancer and nutrition* Includes new illustrations throughout the text, especially in the breast cancer chapter* Includes integrated insights into the unanswered questions and clearly defined objectives of research in nutritional oncology * Offers practical guidelines for clinicians advising malnourished cancer patients and cancer survivors on diet, nutrition, and lifestyle * Provides information on the role of bioactive substances, dietary supplements, phytochemicals and botanicals in cancer prevention and treatment

Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123977649
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease by : Ronald Ross Watson

Download or read book Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease provides valuable insights for those seeking nutritional treatment options for those suffering from liver and/or related gastrointestinal disease including Crohn's, allergies, and colitis among others. Information is presented on a variety of foods including herbs, fruits, soy and olive oil. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers in nutrition, nephrology, and gastroenterology. - Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal system, including reduction of inflammation, improved function, and nutritional efficiency - Presents a wide range of liver and gastrointestinal diseases and provides important information for additional research - Associated information can be used to understand other diseases, which share common etiological pathways

Dysmenorrhea and Menorrhagia

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319719645
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Dysmenorrhea and Menorrhagia by : Roger P. Smith

Download or read book Dysmenorrhea and Menorrhagia written by Roger P. Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-09 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dysmenorrhea is estimated to effect upwards of 70% of women during their lifetime and “heavy menstrual periods” is one of the most frequently given reasons for hysterectomy in the United States. Despite the dramatic growth of dysmenorrhea treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSADs) in the 1980s, young women continue to go undiagnosed and under treated. The diagnosis and management of heavy menstrual bleeding has even poorer general understanding because of its more complicated etiologies. With a working knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology, all clinicians should be able to establish both the diagnosis and a credible treatment plan that will result in a significant chance of clinical improvement for most patients. This book addresses the pathophysiologic underpinnings of both dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia and provides clinicians with practical approaches to establishing the diagnosis, proven tactics for successful therapeutic interventions and dealing with the challenging atypical case, and effective patient counseling. It teaches principles, including the role prostaglandins play in both conditions, as well as procedures, like surgical options and TENS, providing a balance of the practical and the esoteric. The inclusion of patient education and counseling materials additionally increases its usefulness for the busy clinician. This is an ideal guide for ob/gyn clinicians, residents, and trainees caring for patients with these common, but often misunderstood diseases.

Liver Pathophysiology

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128043210
Total Pages : 917 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Liver Pathophysiology by : Pablo Muriel

Download or read book Liver Pathophysiology written by Pablo Muriel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver Pathophysiology: Therapies and Antioxidants is a complete volume on morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and treatment of liver diseases. It uses an integral approach towards the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury, and how their deleterious effects may be abrogated by the use of antioxidants. Written by the most prominent authors in the field, this book will be of use to basic and clinical scientists and clinicians working in the biological sciences, especially those dedicated to the study and treatment of liver pathologies. - Presents the most recent advances in hepatology, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress in liver injury. - Provides in vivo and in vitro models to study human liver pathology. - Explains the beneficial effects of antioxidants on liver diseases. - Contains the most recent and modern treatments of hepatic pathologies, including, but not limited to, stem cells repopulation, gene therapy and liver transplantation.

The Endothelium

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Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041230
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Endothelium by : Michel Félétou

Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Inflammation and Natural Products

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128192194
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Inflammation and Natural Products by : Sreeraj Gopi

Download or read book Inflammation and Natural Products written by Sreeraj Gopi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.446 pagesApprox.446 pages

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes in Gastrointestinal Diseases

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642733166
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes in Gastrointestinal Diseases by : W. Domschke

Download or read book Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes in Gastrointestinal Diseases written by W. Domschke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In OCtober 1986, recognized authorities from a variety of disciplines met in Lisbon, Portugal, to review recent knowledge on eicosanoids - i. e., prostaglandins, throm boxane A , and leukotrienes - and their role in gastrointestinal diseases. 2 Briefly, in the stomach endogenous as well as exogenous prostaglandins may mediate cytoprotective actions in that they stimulate gastric mucus production, bicar bonate secretion and cellular regeneration while providing adequate mucosal blood flow. In contrast, thromboxane A2 by vasoconstriction may act as an ulcerogenic substance. Diarrheal states may be associated with prostaglandins of types E and F as they are capable to enhance intestinal water and electrolyte secretions. In chronic in flammatory bowel disease, mucosal synthesis of leukotrienes was found to be increased more markedly than that of prostaglandins suggesting that leukotrienes may have a major part in the pathogenesis of that disease. In this volume, which is an elaborated collection of the papers given on occasion of the above-mentioned symposium, the facts and problems associated with prostanoid substances are dealt with in four sections on 1. biochemistry, biology and pharmacology of eicosanoids, 2. physiologic and pathophysiologic aspects, 3. established therapeutic implications, and 4. treatment perspectives. We believe that the publication of these contributions by leading workers in the given fields provides a comprehensive and up-to-date appraisal of the role of eicosanoids in gastrointestinal diseases, and it is hoped that this volume will be of value to both basic scientists and practicing clinicians.