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Propionate Metabolism As It Relates To The Low Fat Milk Syndrome In The Dairy Cow
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Book Synopsis Propionate Metabolism as it Relates to the Low-fat Milk Syndrome in the Dairy Cow by : Jeffrey Allen Williams
Download or read book Propionate Metabolism as it Relates to the Low-fat Milk Syndrome in the Dairy Cow written by Jeffrey Allen Williams and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metabolic Diseases of Ruminants, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice by : Thomas Herdt
Download or read book Metabolic Diseases of Ruminants, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice written by Thomas Herdt and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-07-28 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A current, comprehensive issue on metabolic diseases for the food animal practitioner. Topics include obesity and insulin resistance in dairy cows, ketosis therapy, use of serum NEFA and BHBA concentrations in herd-level assessment, mineral nutrition in transition diets, protein, fat, and energy in dairy transition diets, prophylactic calcium therapy in peripartum dairy cows, metabolic regulators of feed intake, assessing and managing body condition score for the prevention of metabolic disease, and more!
Book Synopsis Effects of Propionate on Feeding Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Masahito Oba
Download or read book Effects of Propionate on Feeding Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Masahito Oba and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Designing Foods by : National Research Council
Download or read book Designing Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Book Synopsis Low Milk Fat Syndrome in Swedish Dairy Cows by : Anders Engvall
Download or read book Low Milk Fat Syndrome in Swedish Dairy Cows written by Anders Engvall and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Role of Propionate and Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation on Hepatic Metabolism and Feeding Behavior in Dairy Cows by : Katherine Marie Kennedy
Download or read book Role of Propionate and Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation on Hepatic Metabolism and Feeding Behavior in Dairy Cows written by Katherine Marie Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The negative energy balance of dairy cows in the postpartum period is exacerbated by a suppression in appetite. Metabolic diseases resulting from negative energy balance can decrease milk production, health and fertility, increasing risk of culling. Research suggests that feeding behavior is linked to the oxidation of fuels in the liver and that an increase in oxidation of fuels causes satiety. Propionate derived from the fermentation of starch in the rumen is a major glucose precursor in dairy cows but can also cause hypophagia. Because propionate is anaplerotic, it stimulates the oxidation of fuels in the liver, likely causing the hypophagic effects. In order to determine the role of anaplerotic metabolites and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation on hepatic metabolism and feeding behavior in dairy cows, 6 studies were conducted. First, using 8 dairy cows in a duplicated 4x4 Latin square design, the effect of feed status (before or after access to feed) on the hepatic extraction and metabolism of propionate over 20 min was determined. The results indicated that hepatic extraction and metabolism of propionate is very rapid, and that metabolite concentrations were greater after compared with before feeding. Additionally, potential bottlenecks of propionate metabolism were identified. Secondly, a study using hepatic explants incubated in [13C3]sodium propionate was conducted to test the effects of 3 different concentrations of propionate (1, 2 or 4 mM) on propionate metabolism over 60 min. An increased concentration of propionate in the range from 1 - 4 mM resulted in the conversion of propionate to acetyl CoA, likely through pyruvate, and that the acetyl CoA was incorporated into the TCA cycle for oxidation. Additionally, metabolism of [13C3]propionate occurred rapidly with significant increases of 13C enrichment detected within 0.5 min for many metabolites. Furthermore, uncoupling the electron transport chain should affect the metabolism of propionate and the feeding behavior of dairy cows as a result of inefficient oxidation of fuels. The effects of two uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, 2,4-dinitrophenol methyl ether (DNPME) and sodium salicylate (SAL), on feeding behavior in dairy cows were determined in 2 experiments. Treatment with DNPME and SAL decreased eating rate in dairy cows over the first 4 h following access to feed. Additionally, DNPME increased meal length over the first 4 h following access to feed. Lastly, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of DNPME and SAL on metabolism and oxidation of propionate over 60 min using hepatic explants from 8 dairy cows. Neither DNPME nor SAL increased oxidation. The DNPME treatment did not alter metabolism of propionate except for an increase of propionate converted to succinyl CoA, however, SAL decreased glucose synthesis from propionate. From this research, we conclude that hepatic metabolism of propionate occurs rapidly and is likely having effects on feeding behavior within minutes as well. As such, the importance of short-term metabolism in regard to feeding behavior and dry matter intake should be considered in future research. Understanding the mechanisms for metabolic control of feed intake will lead to development of novel nutritional or pharmacological approaches to increase energy intake, health, and milk yield of dairy cows; thus, improving nutrient utilization and sustainability of the dairy industry.
Book Synopsis The Biosynthesis of Milk-fat in the Intact Dairy Cow by : Terence Arthur Rogers
Download or read book The Biosynthesis of Milk-fat in the Intact Dairy Cow written by Terence Arthur Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dietary Factors that Induce Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows Consuming Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles by : Hugo Alonso Ramirez Ramirez
Download or read book Dietary Factors that Induce Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows Consuming Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles written by Hugo Alonso Ramirez Ramirez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has shown that dairy diets may contain up to 30% corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS, interestingly, field experiences commonly report that milk fat depression (MFD), a disorder characterized by a sharp reduction in milk fat concentration and yield without affecting other productive traits, when feeding DDGS. The research described herein focused on the effects of feeding DDGS on MFD in dairy cows. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of feeding high levels of corn oil and starch in diets containing 20% DDGS. The inclusion of corn oil or starch did not affect milk production but resulted in MFD; the combination of these two factors had additive negative effects that exacerbated the MFD response. Ruminal pH was similar across treatments. The results showed a shift in the ratio of acetate to propionate and suggest altered metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids that resulted in diet-induced MFD. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of feeding reduced-fat DDGS (RFDDGS) as an alternative to lessen the risk of MFD and determine its effects on bacterial community structure. Milk yield was not affected by treatment. Feeding a control diet and RFDDG and resulted in greater concentration and yield of fat compared with DDGS. Proportions of Firmicutes decreased 9 h postfeeding and increased to the initial level by 23 h, conversely Bacteroidetes increased 9 h postfeeding. These results indicate that diurnal variation in bacterial community composition as well as diet-induced structural changes may affect animal performance. Experiment 3 examined the effects of feeding short and long particles of grass hay in combination with corn oil on milk production and composition. The smaller particle size reduced rumination time and increased ruminal rate of passage. There were no effects on dry matter intake and milk production. Milk composition was negatively affected in cows consuming fine particles in combination with corn oil as they exhibited MFD; this response was partially reversed by long particles. These results underscore the importance of providing dairy cows with adequate physically effective fiber in diets formulated to contain high levels of oil.
Book Synopsis Metabolic Modifiers by : National Research Council
Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Book Synopsis Ruminant Physiology by : Pierre Cronjé
Download or read book Ruminant Physiology written by Pierre Cronjé and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ISRP) is the premier forum for presentation and discussion of advances in knowledge of the physiology of ruminant animals. This book brings together edited versions of the keynote review papers presented at the symposium.
Book Synopsis Experiments with Dairy Cows by : Frederick Bloomfield Linfield
Download or read book Experiments with Dairy Cows written by Frederick Bloomfield Linfield and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition by : W. Haresign
Download or read book Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition written by W. Haresign and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1981 is a collection of papers that discusses the effects of dietary fat on milk composition, relating it to the biochemistry of fat synthesis in the mammary gland. The influence of concentrates on milk composition as well as the pattern and level of concentrate feeding on milk output are also covered. The book describes the need for better utilization of grass and grass products in dairy production, the mineral and trace element requirements of pigs; the importance of anion-cation balance in poultry diets and its effects on performance levels; and the selenium and cobalt requirements of ruminants. The problems of medicinal residues in animal products and the toxicological effects of aflatoxin residues in animal products are also considered. People involved in agriculture, dairy production and animal nutrition will find the book useful.
Book Synopsis INRA feeding system for ruminants by : INRA
Download or read book INRA feeding system for ruminants written by INRA and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Book Synopsis Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 2: Lipids by : Patrick F. Fox
Download or read book Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 2: Lipids written by Patrick F. Fox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-25 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Dairy Chemistry series was first published in four volumes in the 1980s (under the title Developments in Dairy Chemistry) and revised in three volumes in the 1990s. The series is the leading reference on dairy chemistry, providing in-depth coverage of milk proteins, lipids, lactose, water and minor constituents. Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 2: Lipids, Third Edition, is unique in the literature on milk lipids, a broad field that encompasses a diverse range of topics, including synthesis of fatty acids and acylglycerols, compounds associated with the milk fat fraction, analytical aspects, behavior of lipids during processing and their effect on product characteristics, product defects arising from lipolysis and oxidation of lipids, as well as nutritional significance of milk lipids. Most topics included in the second edition are retained in the current edition, which has been updated and considerably expanded. New chapters cover the following subjects: Biosynthesis and nutritional significance of conjugated linoleic acid, which has assumed major significance during the past decade; Formation and biological significance of oxysterols; The milk fat globule membrane as a source of nutritionally and technologically significant products; Physical, chemical and enzymatic modification of milk fat; Significance of fat in dairy products: creams, cheese, ice cream, milk powders and infant formulae; Analytical methods: chromatographic, spectroscopic, ultrasound and physical methods. This authoritative work summarizes current knowledge on milk lipids and suggests areas for further work. It will be very valuable to dairy scientists, chemists and others working in dairy research or in the dairy industry.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309317029 Total Pages :22 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.
Book Synopsis Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow by : Philip C. Garnsworthy
Download or read book Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow written by Philip C. Garnsworthy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow is the proceedings of the 46th University of Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science. Said symposium was concerned with the significant advances in the field of nutrition and lactation in the dairy cow. The book is divided in five parts. Part I deals with the principles behind nutrition and lactation of cows. Part II discusses the cow's nutrient interactions; responses to nutrients that yield protein and energy; and the influence of nutrient balance and milk yields. Part III tackles the efficiency of energy utilization in cows and its relation to milk production. Part IV talks about food intake of cows and the factors that affect it, while Part V deals with the different feeding systems for cows. The text is recommended for those involved in raising cows and dairy production, especially those who would like to know more and make studies about the relationship of nutrition and lactation of cows.
