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Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150°C: Ch. 12-16 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150[degrees]C Volume 2: Chapters 12-16 and Appendices A-K. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/hiDzjwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150[degrees]C Volume 2: Chapters 12-16 and Appendices A-K. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Composition Variation Study (CVS) is being performed within the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Vitrification Technology Development (PVTD) project in support of a future high-level nuclear waste vitrification plant at the Hanford site in Washington. From 1989 to 1994, over 120 nonradioactive glasses were melted and properties measured in five statistically-designed experimental phases. Glass composition is represented by the 10 components SiO[sub 2], B[sub 2]O[sub 3], ZrO[sub 2], Na[sub 2]O, Li[sub 2]O, CaO, MgO, and Others (all remaining components). The properties measured include viscosity ([eta]), electrical conductivity ([epsilon]), glass transition temperature (T[sub g]), thermal expansion of solid glass ([alpha][sub s]) and molten glass ([alpha][sub m]), crystallinity (quenched and canister centerline cooled glasses), liquidus temperature (T[sub L]), durability based on normalized elemental releases from the Materials Characterization Center-1 28-day dissolution test (MCC-1, r[sub mi]) and the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT, r[sub pi]), and solution pHs from MCC-1 and PCT. Amorphous phase separation was also evaluated. Empirical first- and second-order mixture models were fit using the CVS data to relate the various properties to glass composition. Equations for calculating the uncertainty associated with property values predicted by the models were also developed. The models were validated using both internal and external data. Other modeling approaches (e.g., non-bridging oxygen, free energy of hydration, phase-equilibria T[sub L]) were investigated for specific properties. A preliminary Qualified Composition Region was developed to identify glass compositions with high confidence of being processable in a melter and meeting waste form acceptance criteria.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150°C Volume 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Composition Variation Study (CVS) is being performed within the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Vitrification Technology Development (PVTD) project in support of a future high-level nuclear waste vitrification plant at the Hanford site in Washington. From 1989 to 1994, over 120 nonradioactive glasses were melted and properties measured in five statistically-designed experimental phases. Glass composition is represented by the 10 components SiO2, B2O3, ZrO2, Na2O, Li2O, CaO, MgO, and Others (all remaining components). The properties measured include viscosity ([eta]), electrical conductivity ([epsilon]), glass transition temperature (T{sub g}), thermal expansion of solid glass ([alpha]{sub s}) and molten glass ([alpha]{sub m}), crystallinity (quenched and canister centerline cooled glasses), liquidus temperature (T{sub L}), durability based on normalized elemental releases from the Materials Characterization Center-1 28-day dissolution test (MCC-1, r{sub mi}) and the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT, r{sub pi}), and solution pHs from MCC-1 and PCT. Amorphous phase separation was also evaluated. Empirical first- and second-order mixture models were fit using the CVS data to relate the various properties to glass composition. Equations for calculating the uncertainty associated with property values predicted by the models were also developed. The models were validated using both internal and external data. Other modeling approaches (e.g., non-bridging oxygen, free energy of hydration, phase-equilibria T{sub L}) were investigated for specific properties. A preliminary Qualified Composition Region was developed to identify glass compositions with high confidence of being processable in a melter and meeting waste form acceptance criteria.
Author : Pavel R. Hrma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150 C. written by Pavel R. Hrma and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 115[degrees]C Volume 1: Chapters 1-11 PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/xGu1DAEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 115[degrees]C Volume 1: Chapters 1-11 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Composition Variation study (CVS) is being performed within the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Vitrification Technology Development (PVTD) project in support of a future high-level nuclear waste vitrification plant at the Hanford site in Washington. From 1989 to 1994, over 120 nonradioactive glasses were melted and properties measured in five statistically-designed experimental phases. Glass composition is represented by the 10 components SiO[sub 2], B[sub 2]O[sub 3], Al[sub 2]O[sub 3], Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3], ZrO[sub 2], Na[sub 2]O, Li[sub 2]O, CaO, MgO, and Others (all remaining components). The properties measured include viscosity ([eta]), electrical conductivity ([epsilon]), glass transition temperature (T[sub g]), thermal expansion of solid glass ([alpha][sub s]) and molten glass ([alpha][sub m]), crystallinity (quenched and canister centerline cooled glasses), liquidus temperature (T[sub L]), durability based on normalized elemental releases from the Materials Characterization Center-1 28-day dissolution test (MCC-1, r[sub mi]) and the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT, r[sub pi]), and solution pHs from MCC-1 and PCT. Amorphous phase separation was also evaluated. Empirical first- and second-order mixture models were fit using the CVS data to relate the various properties to glass composition. Equations for calculating the uncertainty associated with property values predicted by the models were also developed. The models were validated using both internal and external data. Other modeling approaches (e.g., non-bridging oxygen, free energy of hydration, phase-equilibria T[sub L]) were investigated for specific properties. A preliminary Qualified Composition Region was developed to identify glass compositions with high confidence of being processable in a melter and meeting waste form acceptance criteria.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 115°C Volume 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Composition Variation study (CVS) is being performed within the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Vitrification Technology Development (PVTD) project in support of a future high-level nuclear waste vitrification plant at the Hanford site in Washington. From 1989 to 1994, over 120 nonradioactive glasses were melted and properties measured in five statistically-designed experimental phases. Glass composition is represented by the 10 components SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, Fe2O3, ZrO2, Na2O, Li2O, CaO, MgO, and Others (all remaining components). The properties measured include viscosity ([eta]), electrical conductivity ([epsilon]), glass transition temperature (T{sub g}), thermal expansion of solid glass ([alpha]{sub s}) and molten glass ([alpha]{sub m}), crystallinity (quenched and canister centerline cooled glasses), liquidus temperature (T{sub L}), durability based on normalized elemental releases from the Materials Characterization Center-1 28-day dissolution test (MCC-1, r{sub mi}) and the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT, r{sub pi}), and solution pHs from MCC-1 and PCT. Amorphous phase separation was also evaluated. Empirical first- and second-order mixture models were fit using the CVS data to relate the various properties to glass composition. Equations for calculating the uncertainty associated with property values predicted by the models were also developed. The models were validated using both internal and external data. Other modeling approaches (e.g., non-bridging oxygen, free energy of hydration, phase-equilibria T{sub L}) were investigated for specific properties. A preliminary Qualified Composition Region was developed to identify glass compositions with high confidence of being processable in a melter and meeting waste form acceptance criteria.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-04 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (821 download)
Download or read book Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200[degrees]C (Draft). PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/vSjDjwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Download or read book Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200[degrees]C (Draft). written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing the melting temperature of HLW glass allows an increase of waste loading (thus reducing product volume) and the production of more durable glasses at a faster melting rate. However, HLW glasses that melt at high temperatures differ in composition from glasses formulated for low temperature ([approximately]1150[degree]C). Consequently, the composition of high-temperature glasses falls in a region previously not well tested or understood. This report represents a preliminary study of property/composition relationships of high-temperature Hanford HLW glasses using a one-component-at-a-time change approach. A test matrix has been designed to explore a composition region expected for high-temperature high-waste loading HLW glasses to be produced at Hanford. This matrix was designed by varying several key components (SiO[sub 2], B[sub 2]O[sub 3], Na[sub 2]O, Li[sub 2]O, Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3], Al[sub 2]O[sub 3], ZrO[sub 2], Bi[sub 2]O[sub 3], P[sub 2]O[sub 5], UO[sub 2], TiO[sub 2], Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3], and others) starting from a glass based on a Hanford HLW all-blend waste. Glasses were fabricated and tested for viscosity, glass transition temperature, electrical conductivity, crystallinity, liquidus temperature, and PCT release. The effect of individual components on glass properties was assessed using first- and second- order empirical models. The first-order component effects were compared with those from low-temperature HLW glasses.
Author : Gregory F. Piepel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (853 download)
Download or read book First-order Study of Property/composition Relationships for Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Glasses written by Gregory F. Piepel and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A first-order composition variability study (CVS-I) was conducted for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) program to preliminarily characterize the effects on key glass properties of variations i selected glass (waste and frit) components. The components selected were Si02,B2O3,A12O3, Fe2O3, ZrO2, Na2O,Li2O,CaO,MgO, and Others (all remaining waste components). A glass composition region was selected for study based on the expected range of glass compositions and the results of a previous series of scoping and solubility studies. Then, a 23-glass statistically-designed mixture experiment was conducted and data obtained for viscosity, electrical conductivity, glass transition temperature, thermal expansion, crystallinity, and durability [Materials Characterization Center (MCC-1) 28-day leach test and the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT)]. These data were modeled using first-order functions of composition, and the models were used to investigate the effects of the components on glass and melt properties. The CVS-I data and models will also be used to support the second-order composition variability study (CVS-II).
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1342 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book Database and Interim Glass Property Models for Hanford HLW and LAW Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses a methodology for increasing the efficiency and decreasing the cost of vitrifying nuclear waste by optimizing waste-glass formulation. This methodology involves collecting and generating a property-composition database (for glass properties that determine waste-glass processability and acceptability) and relating these properties to glass composition via property-composition models. The report explains how the property-composition models are developed, fitted to data and evaluated, validated using additional data, used for glass-formulation optimization, and continuously updated in response to changes in waste-composition estimates and processing technologies. Further, the report describes a waste-glass property-composition database compiled from literature sources and presents the results from a critical evaluation and screening of the data for applicability to Hanford waste glasses. Finally, the report provides interim property-composition models for melt viscosity, liquidus temperature (with spinel and zircon primary crystalline phases), and Product Consistency Test normalized releases of B, Na, and Li. Models were fitted to a subset of the database deemed most relevant for the anticipated Hanford waste-glass composition region.
Download or read book Glass Property Data and Models for Estimating High-Level Waste Glass Volume written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes recent efforts to develop glass property models that can be used to help estimate the volume of high-level waste (HLW) glass that will result from vitrification of Hanford tank waste. The compositions of acceptable and processable HLW glasses need to be optimized to minimize the waste-form volume and, hence, to save cost. A database of properties and associated compositions for simulated waste glasses was collected for developing property-composition models. This database, although not comprehensive, represents a large fraction of data on waste-glass compositions and properties that were available at the time of this report. Glass property-composition models were fit to subsets of the database for several key glass properties. These models apply to a significantly broader composition space than those previously publised. These models should be considered for interim use in calculating properties of Hanford waste glasses.
Author : Rehab O. Abdel Rahman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118512006
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)
Download or read book Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization written by Rehab O. Abdel Rahman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cementitious materials are an essential part in any radioactive waste disposal facility. Conditioning processes such as cementation are used to convert waste into a stable solid form that is insoluble and will prevent dispersion to the surrounding environment. It is incredibly important to understand the long-term behavior of these materials. This book summarises approaches and current practices in use of cementitious materials for nuclear waste immobilisation. It gives a unique description of the most important aspects of cements as nuclear waste forms: starting with a description of wastes, analyzing the cementitious systems used for immobilization and describing the technologies used, and ending with analysis of cementitious waste forms and their long term behavior in an envisaged disposal environment. Extensive research has been devoted to study the feasibility of using cement or cement based materials in immobilizing and solidifying different radioactive wastes. However, these research results are scattered. This work provides the reader with both the science and technology of the immobilization process, and the cementitious materials used to immobilize nuclear waste. It summarizes current knowledge in the field, and highlights important areas that need more investigation. The chapters include: Introduction, Portland cement, Alternative cements, Cement characterization and testing, Radioactive waste cementation, Waste cementation technology, Cementitious wasteform durability and performance assessment.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : IAEA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Author : Werner Lutze
Publisher : North Holland
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 802 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Forms for the Future written by Werner Lutze and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1988 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a compilation of important information on the full range of radioactive waste forms that have been developed, or at least suggested, for the incorporation of high-level nuclear waste. Many of the results were published in the ''gray literature'' of final reports of national laboratories or in various, generally less available, proceedings volumes. This is the first publication to draw information on nuclear waste forms for high-level wastes together into a single volume. Although borosilicate glass has become the standard waste form, additional research in this compound is still necessary. With improved technology (particularly processing technologies) and with a more detailed knowledge of repository conditions, glasses and second generation waste forms with improved performance properties can be developed. Sustained research programs on nuclear waste form development will yield results that can only add to public confidence and the final, safe disposal of nuclear waste. The aim of this volume is to provide a 'spring board' for these future research efforts. A detailed presentation is given on the properties and performance of non-crystalline waste forms (borosilicate glass, sintered glass, and lead-iron phosphate glass), and crystalline waste forms (Synroc, tailored ceramics, TiO 2 - ceramic matrix, glass-ceramics and FUETAP concrete). A chapter on Novel Waste Forms reviews a number of methods that warrant further development because of their potential superior performance and unique applications. The final chapter includes a tabulated comparison of important waste form properties and an extended discussion on the corrosion process and radiation damage effects for each waste form. Of particular interest is a performance assessment of nuclear waste borosilicate glass and the crystalline ceramic Synroc. This is the first detailed attempt to compare these two important waste forms on the basis of their materials properties. The discussion emphasizes the difficulties in making such a comparison and details the types of data that are required. Each chapter has been written by an expert and includes a current compilation of waste form properties with an extensive list of references. This volume will provide a stimulus for future research as well as useful reference material for scientists working in the field of nuclear waste disposal and materials science.
