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Propagation Of Reactions In Thermally Damaged Pbx 9501
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Book Synopsis Propagation of Reactions in Thermally-damaged PBX-9501 by :
Download or read book Propagation of Reactions in Thermally-damaged PBX-9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thermally-initiated explosion in PBX-9501 (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) is observed in situ by flash x-ray imaging, and modeled with the LLNL multi-physics arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian code ALE3D. The containment vessel deformation provides a useful estimate of the reaction pressure at the time of the explosion, which we calculate to be in the range 0.8-1.4 GPa. Closely-coupled ALE3D simulations of these experiments, utilizing the multi-phase convective burn model, provide detailed predictions of the reacted mass fraction and deflagration front acceleration. During the preinitiation heating phase of these experiments, the solid HMX portion of the PBX-9501 undergoes a [beta]-phase to [delta]-phase transition which damages the explosive and induces porosity. The multi-phase convective burn model results demonstrate that damaged particle size and pressure are critical for predicting reaction speed and violence. In the model, energetic parameters are taken from LLNL's thermochemical-kinetics code Cheetah and burn rate parameters from Son et al. (2000). Model predictions of an accelerating deflagration front are in qualitative agreement with the experimental images assuming a mode particle diameter in the range 300-400 [mu]m. There is uncertainty in the initial porosity caused by thermal damage of PBX-9501 and, thus, the effective surface area for burning. To better understand these structures, we employ x-ray computed tomography (XRCT) to examine the microstructure of PBX-9501 before and after thermal damage. Although lack of contrast between grains and binder prevents the determination of full grain size distribution in this material, there are many domains visible in thermally damaged PBX-9501 with diameters in the 300-400 [mu]m range.
Book Synopsis Combustion in Cracks of PBX 9501 by :
Download or read book Combustion in Cracks of PBX 9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experiments involving the combustion of PBX 9501 explosive under confined conditions reveal the importance of crack and flaws in reaction violence. Experiments on room temperature confined disks of pristine and thermally damaged PBX 9501 reveal that crack ignition depends on hot gases entering existing or pressure induced cracks rather than on energy release at the crack tip. PBX 9501 slot combustion experiments show that the reaction propagation rate in the slot does not depend on the external pressure. We have observed 1500 d s in long slots of highly-confined PBX 9501. We present experiments that examine the combustion of mechanically and thermally damaged samples of PBX 9501.
Book Synopsis Violent Reactions and DDT in Hot, Thermally Damaged HMX-Based PBXs by :
Download or read book Violent Reactions and DDT in Hot, Thermally Damaged HMX-Based PBXs written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional high explosives (e.g. PBX 9501, LX-07) have been observed to react violently following thermal insult: (1) Fast convective and compressive burns (HEVR); (2) Thermal explosions (HEVR); and (3) Deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). No models exist that sufficiently capture/predict these complex multiphase and multiscale behaviors. For now, research is focused on identifying vulnerabilities and factors that control this behavior.
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2005 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2005 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 by : Blaine Asay
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Book Synopsis Deflagration Behavior of PBX 9501 at Elevated Temperature and Pressure by :
Download or read book Deflagration Behavior of PBX 9501 at Elevated Temperature and Pressure written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report the deflagration behavior of PBX 9501 at pressures up to 300 MPa and temperatures of 150-180 C where the sample has been held at the test temperature for several hours before ignition. The purpose is to determine the effect on the deflagration behavior of material damage caused by prolonged exposure to high temperature. This conditioning is similar to that experienced by an explosive while it being heated to eventual explosion. The results are made more complicated by the presence of a significant thermal gradient along the sample during the temperature ramp and soak. Three major conclusions are: the presence of nitroplasticizer makes PBX 9501 more thermally sensitive than LX-04 with an inert Viton binder; the deflagration behavior of PBX 9501 is more extreme and more inconsistent than that of LX-04; and something in PBX 9501 causes thermal damage to 'heal' as the deflagration proceeds, resulting in a decelerating deflagration front as it travels along the sample.
Book Synopsis Nano and Micro-Scale Energetic Materials by : Weiqiang Pang
Download or read book Nano and Micro-Scale Energetic Materials written by Weiqiang Pang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-01-26 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an up-to-date account of innovative energetic materials and their potential applications in space propulsion and high explosives Most explosives and propellants currently use a small number of ingredients, such as TNT and nitrocellulose. In comparison to conventional materials, nano- and micro-scale energetic materials exhibit superior burning characteristics and much higher energy densities and explosive yields. Nano and Micro-scale Energetic Materials: Propellants and Explosives provides a timely overview of innovative nano-scale energetic materials (nEMs) and microscale energetic materials (μEMs) technology. Covering nEMs and μEMs ingredients as well as formulations, this comprehensive volume examines the preparation, characterization, ignition, combustion, and performance of energetic materials in various applications of propellants and explosives. Twenty-two chapters explore metal-based pyrotechnic nanocomposites, solid and hybrid rocket propulsion, solid fuels for in-space and power, the sensitivity and mechanical properties of explosives, new energetic materials, and more. Explores novel energetic materials and their potential for use in propellants and explosives Summarizes the most recent advances of leading research groups currently active in twelve countries Discusses how new environmentally friendly, high-combustion energetic materials can best be used in different applications Explains the fundamentals of energetic materials, including similarities and differences between composite propellants and explosives Nano and Micro-scale Energetic Materials: Propellants and Explosives is an important resource for materials scientists, explosives specialists, pyrotechnicians, environmental chemists, polymer chemists, physical chemists, aerospace physicians, and aerospace engineers working in both academia and industry.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2002 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 336 papers discusses recent research on the response of inert and energetic materials to high-pressure environments produced by rapid loading phenomena. This includes theoretical, computational (modeling/simulation) and experimental studies of inert and energetic materials, as well as ballistic and material synthesis studies and advances in experimental techniques. All papers have been peer-reviewed.
Book Synopsis Convective Burning in Gaps of PBX 9501 by :
Download or read book Convective Burning in Gaps of PBX 9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impact or thermal ignition of high explosives results in deformation that can lead to fracture. Fracture, combined with high pressure, dramatically increases the available surface area and potentially changes the mode of combustion. Recent impact and cook-off experiments on PBX 9501 (HMX, octahydro-1,3,5,7- tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, with a binder) have shown complex cracking patterns caused by impact or pressurization. Fast reactive waves have been observed to propagate through the cracks at about 500 m/s. We present experiments that investigate the propagation of fast reactive waves in cracks of PBX 9501, focusing on the reactive wave velocity and on the interplay of pressure and crack size. Experiments at initial pressures of 6.0 MPa reveal monotonic reactive wave propagation velocities of around 7 m/s for a 100 micrometer slot. We observe reactive wave velocities as high as 100 m/s in experiments at initial pressures of 17.2 MPa and various slot widths. Similar experiments at lower pressure exhibit oscillatory reactive wave propagation in the slot with periodic oscillations whose frequencies vary with combustion vessel pressure. This is the first reported observation of oscillatory combustion in cracks of an energetic material such as PBX 9501. Threshold pressure experiments for combustion propagation into closed-end slots of PBX 9501 find that combustion propagates into 2 mm, 1 mm, 100 micrometer, 50 micrometer, and 25 micrometer slots at approximately 0.1, 0.2, 0.9, 1.6, and 1.8 MPa, respectively.
Book Synopsis A Comparison of Thermal Explosions in PBX 9501 and PBX N-9 by :
Download or read book A Comparison of Thermal Explosions in PBX 9501 and PBX N-9 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have used a variety of observables to study the response of HMX based energetic materials formulations to thermal stimuli. In this paper, we compare the response of PBX 9501 and PBX N-9 to a temperature of 205 C. Both undergo thermal runaway at this boundary condition with similar preignition behavior. However, the post-ignition burn propagations of the two formulations are very different with the final reaction violence significantly lower for PBX N-9 than for PBX 9501.
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2007 by : Mark Elert
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2007 written by Mark Elert and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter 2009 by : Mark L. Elert
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter 2009 written by Mark L. Elert and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2009-12-22 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume embodies the most recent research on shock compression of condensed matter, and includes 363 plenary, invited and contributed papers on topics including equation of state, phase transitions, chemical reactions, warm dense matter, fracture, geophysics and planetary science, energetic materials, optical studies, materials modeling, and recent experimental developments in the field of shock compression of condensed matter.
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1999 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1999 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis LASL Explosive Property Data by : Terry R. Gibbs
Download or read book LASL Explosive Property Data written by Terry R. Gibbs and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emerging Technology in Fluids, Structures, and Fluid-structure Interactions--2004 by :
Download or read book Emerging Technology in Fluids, Structures, and Fluid-structure Interactions--2004 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
