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Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis Pgaa And Short Lived Neutron Activation Analysis Naa Applied To The Characterization Of Legacy Materials
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Book Synopsis Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and Short-lived Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) Applied to the Characterization of Legacy Materials by :
Download or read book Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and Short-lived Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) Applied to the Characterization of Legacy Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without quality historical records that provide the composition of legacy materials, the elemental and/or chemical characterization of such materials requires a manual analytical strategy that may expose the analyst to unknown toxicological hazards. In addition, much of the existing legacy inventory also incorporates radioactivity, and, although radiological composition may be determined by various nuclear-analytical methods, most importantly, gamma-spectroscopy, current methods of chemical characterization still require direct sample manipulation, thereby presenting special problems with broad implications for both the analyst and the environment. Alternately, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) provides a'single-shot' in-situ, non-destructive method that provides a complete assay of all major entrained elemental constituents. 1-3. Additionally, neutron activation analysis (NAA) using short-lived activation products complements PGAA and is especially useful when NAA activation surpasses the PGAA in elemental sensitivity.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis by : G. Molnar
Download or read book Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis written by G. Molnar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) is a unique, non-destructive nuclear analytical method with multi-element capabilities. It is most effective if intense neutron beams (especially cold beams) of nuclear reactors are used to induce the prompt gamma radiation. Based largely on the authors' pioneering research in cold neutron PGAA, the handbook describes the methodology in self-contained manner and reviews recent applications. The library of prompt gamma ray data and spectra for all natural elements is a unique aid to the practitioner. The level is understandable by a broad audience, which facilitates teaching and training. The Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis is a comprehensive handbook written for those practising the method, wanting to implement it at a reactor facility, or just looking for a powerful non-destructive method of element analysis. The book is also useful for nuclear physics, chemistry and engineering scientists, scholars and graduate students interested in neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy and nuclear analytical methods.
Book Synopsis Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis by : Zeev B. Alfassi
Download or read book Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis written by Zeev B. Alfassi and published by CRC PressI Llc. This book was released on 1995 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis introduces the fundamental principals and the unique characteristics of the gamma-ray activation method together with its applications and limitations. Sample preparation, instruments, shielding and irradiation using prompt gamma-ray activation analysis techniques with various neutron sources are described in detail. The neutron damage to PGAA instruments, particularly the radiation detector, is investigated. The book compares unique features and limitations of PGAA versus conventional NAA methods. Approximately 50 tables help to illustrate and describe these exciting new methods.
Book Synopsis Database of Prompt Gamma Rays from Slow Neutron Capture for Elemental Analysis by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Database of Prompt Gamma Rays from Slow Neutron Capture for Elemental Analysis written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron-capture prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA) is particularly valuable as a non-destructive nuclear method in the measurement of elements that do not form neutron capture products with delayed gamma ray emissions. Inaccurate and incomplete data have been a significant hindrance in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of complicated capture gamma spectra by means of PGAA. This database was produced to improve the quality and quantity of required data in order to make possible the reliable application of PGAA in fields such as materials science, geology, mining, archaeology, environment, food analysis and medicine. The database provides a variety of tables for all natural elements (from H to U) including the following data: isotopic composition, thermal radiative cross-section (total and partial), Westcott g-factors, energy of the gamma rays (prompt and delayed), decay mode, half-life and branching ratios. The CD-ROM included in this publication contains the database, the retrieval system and important electronic documents related to the project.--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Digital Gamma-gamma Coincidence Measurements for Neutron Activation Analysis by : Francis Jude Martinez
Download or read book Digital Gamma-gamma Coincidence Measurements for Neutron Activation Analysis written by Francis Jude Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to perform low level counting, specifically gamma spectroscopy, for unknown radionuclides provides some challenges. In many cases, the ability to assess a material requires the use of neutron activation analysis (NAA) to excite the unknown sample to allow for the use of gamma ray measurement techniques to determine the radionuclides that are present. Quite often, the ability to identify unique gamma rays is challenging due to the fact that many radionuclides have gamma rays that have energies that are nearby other gamma rays from other radionuclides. The Compton continuum and high background radiation levels also contribute to the difficulty to make these measurements. This research has explored the use of an advanced digital gamma-gamma coincidence system, XIA Pixie-16, for use in neutron activation analysis. The reason for performing this research is that, although gamma-gamma coincidence in NAA is not a new area of research, there has not been a comprehensive study of the use of gamma-gamma coincidence for all NAA products. This research has the potential to benefit research and experiments that utilize NAA techniques for identifying unknown samples. The new XIA Pixie-16 system was first assembled and characterized. It was then used to perform measurements for all applicable short-lived, medium-lived and long-lived NAA products. The gamma-gamma coincidence system was utilized to identify radionuclides in different samples that have been demonstrated to be difficult to identify using standard gamma spectroscopy techniques. A thorough evaluation of the results of this research should serve as a reference for all future NAA research
Book Synopsis Analysis of Unknown Materials with Prompt Gamma-ray Activation Analysis (PGAA). by :
Download or read book Analysis of Unknown Materials with Prompt Gamma-ray Activation Analysis (PGAA). written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To assay the degradation of high explosives (HE) by a material-loss mechanism, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA), using a miniature neutron accelerator developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is proposed. Whereas the PGAA signatures from carbon and nitrogen in the chemical matrices are relatively low, fast neutrons may be used due to the higher cross sections for interaction. By using the upgraded PGAA database developed by the Isotope Projects Group at LBNL in collaboration with new PGAA data obtained at the Institute of Isotope and Surface Chemistry in Budapest, Hungary, it should be possible to observe and potentially to quantify a macroscopic loss of mass in HE.
Book Synopsis Apologia illustr. Hessorum Principis, Dom. Philippi contra ... calumnias Ducis Henrici a Braunswig by :
Download or read book Apologia illustr. Hessorum Principis, Dom. Philippi contra ... calumnias Ducis Henrici a Braunswig written by and published by . This book was released on 1611 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design, Construction, and Characterization of a Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis Facility at the Oregon State University TRIGA® Reactor by : Joshua A. Robinson
Download or read book Design, Construction, and Characterization of a Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis Facility at the Oregon State University TRIGA® Reactor written by Joshua A. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work a prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) facility has been designed, built, and characterized at the Oregon State University TRIGA® reactor. PGNAA is a technique used to determine the presence and quantity of trace elements such as boron, hydrogen and carbon which are more difficult to detect with other neutron analysis methods. In PGNAA, isotopes are subjected to a neutron beam, resulting in the formation of an unstable compound nucleus. The compound nucleus immediately decays, producing a series of gamma-rays, whose energies are distinctive to each element. These gamma-rays are then measured using an HPGe detector to determine the elemental composition of the sample. The measured thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes of the PGNAA facility at Oregon State University are 2.81 x 107 ± 5.13 x 105 cm−2s−1 and 1.70 x 104 ± 3.11 x 102 cm−2s−1 respectively. This gives the facility a cadmium ratio of 106. Measured detection limits for boron, chlorine, and potassium in SRM 1571 orchard leaf standard were, 5.6 x 10−4mg/g, 8.2 x 10−2 mg/g and, 1.0 mg/g respectively. Also, the detection limit for hydrogen in high-density polyethylene is, 6.8 x 10−2mg/g. Detection limits for additional elements are presented in this work.
Book Synopsis Database of Prompt Gamma Rays from Slow Neutron Capture Forelemental Analysis by : H. D. Choi
Download or read book Database of Prompt Gamma Rays from Slow Neutron Capture Forelemental Analysis written by H. D. Choi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing importance of Prompt Gamma-ray ActivationAnalysis (PGAA) in a broad range of applications is evident, and has beenemphasized at many meetings related to this topic (e.g., TechnicalConsultants' Meeting, Use of neutron beams for low- andmedium-fluxresearch reactors: radiography and materialscharacterizations, IAEA Vienna, 4-7 May 1993, IAEA-TECDOC-837, 1993). Furthermore, an Advisory Group Meeting (AGM) for the Coordination of theNuclear Structure and Decay Data Evaluators Network has stated that thereis a need for a complete and consistent library of cold- and thermalneutron capture gammaray and cross-section data (AGM held at Budapest,14-18 October 1996, INDC(NDS)-363); this AGM also recommended theorganization of an IAEA CRP on the subject. The International NuclearData Committee (INDC) is the primary advisory body to the IAEA NuclearData Section on their nuclear data programmes. At a biennial meeting in1997, the INDC strongly recommended that the Nuclear Data Section supportnew measurements andupdate the database on Neutron-induced PromptGamma-ray Activation Analysis (21st INDC meeting, INDC/P(97)-20). As aconsequence of the various recommendations, a CRP on "Development of aDatabase for Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis (PGAA)" wasinitiated in 1999. Prior to this project, several consultants had definedthe scope, objectives and tasks, as approved subsequently by the IAEA. Each CRP participant assumed responsibility for the execution of specifictasks. The results of their and other research work were discussed andapproved by the participants in research co-ordination meetings (seeSummary reports: INDC(NDS)-411, 2000; INDC(NDS)-424, 2001; andINDC(NDS)-443, 200). PGAA is a non-destructive radioanalytical method, capable of rapid or simultaneous "in-situ" multi-element analyses acrossthe entire Periodic Table, from hydrogen to uranium. However, inaccurateand incomplete data were a significant hindrance in the qualitative andquantitative analysis of complicated capture-gamma spectra by means ofPGAA. Therefore, the main goal of the CRP was to improve the quality andquantity of the required data in order to make possible the reliableapplication of PGAA in fields such as materials science, chemistry, geology, mining, archaeology, environment, food analysis and medicine. This aim wasachieved thanks to the dedicated work and effort of theparticipants. The CD-ROM included with this publication contains thedatabase, the retrieval system, the three CRM reports, and otherimportant electronic documents related to the CRP. The IAEA wishes tothanks all CRP participants who contributed to the success of the CRP and the formulation of this publication. Special thanks are due to R.B. Firestone for his leading roll in the development of this CRP and hiscomprehensive compilation, analysis and provision of the adopteddatabase, and to V. Zerkin for the software developments associatedwiththe retrieval system. An essential component of this data compilation isthe extensive sets of new measurements of capture gamma-ray energies andintensities undertaken at Budapest by Zs. Revay under the direction ofG. L. Molnar. The extensive participation and assistance of H.D. Choi isalso greatly appreciated. Other participants inthis CRP were: R.M. Lindstrom, S.M. Mughabghab, A.V.R. Reddy, V.H. Tan and C.M. Zhou. Thanksare also due to S.C. Frankle and M.A. Lone for their active participationas consultants at some of the meetings. Finally, the participants wish tothank R. Paviotti-Corcuera (Nuclear Data Section, Division of Physicaland Chemical Sciences), who was the IAEA responsible officer for the CRP, this publication and the resulting database. The participants aregrateful to D.L. Muir and A.L. Nichols, successive Heads of the NuclearData Section, for their active and enthusiastic encouragement infurthering the work of the CRP.
Book Synopsis Treatability Study Using Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) Technology, Phase I. Topical Report by :
Download or read book Treatability Study Using Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) Technology, Phase I. Topical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the progress accomplished during Phase I of a two-phase project intended to demonstrate the use of Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) as a technology for the characterization of hazardous and radioactive contaminants in concrete floors. A comprehensive experimental program was undertaken using the N-SCAN{trademark} PGNAA system, which was initially developed by Westinghouse for soil characterization, to determine the sensitivity of PGNAA for several contaminants in concrete. The experiments were performed in a test facility specially designed and constructed for this project. The lower limits of detection derived from the experimental data were encouraging for mercury, cadmium, uranium-238, thorium-232, technetium-99, chlorine, uranium-235 and chromium. These limits were achieved after modifications made to the original N-SCAN system significantly improved its sensitivity for elements located at or near the surface of concrete. With the implementation of additional performance-enhancing modifications scheduled in Phase II, the detection sensitivity of N-SCAN at the end of this project is expected to be at least one order of magnitude higher, allowing N-SCAN to become an effective characterization tool. N-SCAN has several important advantages over current characterization methods and technologies.
Book Synopsis Neutron-induced Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) of Metalsand Non-metals in Ocean Floor Geothermal Vent-generated Samples by :
Download or read book Neutron-induced Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) of Metalsand Non-metals in Ocean Floor Geothermal Vent-generated Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron-induced prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) hasbeen used to analyze ocean floor geothermal vent-generated samples thatare composed of mixed metal sulfides, silicates, and aluminosilicates. The modern application of the PGAA technique is discussed, and elementalanalytical results are given for 25 elements observed in the samples. Theelemental analysis of the samples is consistent with the expectedmineralogical compositions, and very consistent results are obtained forcomparable samples. Special sensitivity to trace quantities of hydrogen, boron, cadmium, dysprosium, gadolinium, and samarium isdiscussed.
Book Synopsis Development of a Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis Facility at the University of Missouri Research Reactor and Obsidian Identification by : Abdul-Salam Gubreal Hanna
Download or read book Development of a Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis Facility at the University of Missouri Research Reactor and Obsidian Identification written by Abdul-Salam Gubreal Hanna and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Radiation Technology Repo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Techniques for Cultural Heritage Research by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Nuclear Techniques for Cultural Heritage Research written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Scientific studies of art and archaeology are a necessary complement to cultural heritage conservation, preservation and investigation. Nuclear techniques, such as neutron activation analysis, X ray fluorescence analysis and ion beam analysis, have a potential for non-destructive and reliable investigation of precious artefacts and materials, such as ceramics, stone, metal, and pigments from paintings. Such information can be helpful in repair of damaged objects, in identification of fraudulent artefacts and in the appropriate categorization of historic artefacts."--P. [4] of cover.
Author :International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher :International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN 13 :9789201450104 Total Pages :108 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Applications of Research Reactors by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Applications of Research Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2014 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a comprehensive study that reviews the current situation in a great number of applications of research reactors. It revises the contents of IAEA TECDOC-1234, The Applications of Research Reactors, giving detailed updates on each field of research reactor uses worldwide. Reactors of all sizes and capabilities can benefit from the sharing of current practices and research enabled via this updated version, which describes the requirements for practicing methods as diverse as neutron activation analysis, education and training, neutron scattering and neutron imaging, silicon doping and radioisotope production, material/fuel irradiation and testing, and some others. Many underutilised research reactors can learn how to diversify their technical capabilities, staff and potential commercial partners and users seeking research reactor services and products. The content of the publication has also been strengthened in terms of current issues facing the vast majority of research reactors by including sections describing user and customer relations as well as strategic planning considerations.
Book Synopsis Nuclear and Radiochemistry by : Gerhart Friedlander
Download or read book Nuclear and Radiochemistry written by Gerhart Friedlander and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiology written by Nina Parker and published by . This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology's art program enhances students' understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs. Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology."--BC Campus website.
