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Promoting Centerline Rumble Strips To Increase Rural Two Lane Highway Safety
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Book Synopsis Promoting Centerline Rumble Strips to Increase Rural, Two-lane Highway Safety by :
Download or read book Promoting Centerline Rumble Strips to Increase Rural, Two-lane Highway Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, 60 percent of fatal accidents occur on rural roads. Among these, 90 percent occur on two-lane roads, and 20 percent of these accidents involve two vehicles traveling in opposite directions, totaling 4,500 fatal accidents per year. Centerline Rumble Strips (CLRS) are primarily installed on the centerline of undivided, two lane, two-way highways, and their main purpose is reduction of crossover accidents, specifically head-on and opposite direction sideswipe accidents, which are usually caused by driver inattention and/or drowsiness. Several authors have reported advantages other than reducing accidents in installing CLRS, such as a high benefit cost ratio, improvement of lateral vehicle position to the right, low interference in passing maneuvers, versatile installation conditions, and public approval. However, some concerns involving CLRS, such as disturbing noise for nearby residents, decreased visibility of the painted strips, faster pavement deterioration, potential driver erratic maneuvers to the left after encountering CLRS, and ice formation in the grooves, have been cited in the current literature. The objective of this report is to summarize results of three studies conducted by Kansas State University in 2008 and 2009; addressing some of the above mentioned concerns related to the installations of CLRS. Centerline Rumble Strips do increase the levels of external noise. Based on analysis using a light and medium vehicle, a distance of 200 feet from centerline should be considered. This is the distance where noise from CLRS is no longer greater than smooth pavement. This study applied three methods of evaluating the visibility of pavement markings. Based only on the limited data collected, it can be concluded that the coverage check method should not substitute the retroreflectometer readings for studies of retroreflectivity, since the correlation of the two methods was not reliable. In addition, the spectrometry method should only be used as a complementary analysis. The spectrometry method revealed that the yellow pavement markings remained within the yellow spectrum over the study period at all three locations.
Book Synopsis Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline Rumble Strips by : Darren J. Torbic
Download or read book Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline Rumble Strips written by Darren J. Torbic and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2009 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides guidance for the design and application of shoulder and centerline rumble strips as an effective crash reduction measure, while minimizing adverse effects for motorcyclists, bicyclists, and nearby residents. Using the results of previous studies and the research conducted under this project, safety effectiveness estimates were developed for shoulder rumble strips on rural freeways and rural two-lane roads and for centerline rumble strips on rural and urban two-lane roads.
Book Synopsis Centerline Rumble Strips by : Eugene Russell
Download or read book Centerline Rumble Strips written by Eugene Russell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 339: Centerline Rumble Strips (CLRS) examines current design, installation, configuration, dimension, and visibility issues associated with CLRS. The report addresses the need for guidance on warrants, benefits, successful practices, and concerns such as external noise and the reduced visibility of centerline striping material. Also addressed are pavement deterioration, ice buildup in the grooves, adverse impact on emergency vehicles, and the effect of CLRS on bicyclists. Particular attention was paid to available before-and-after CLRS installation crash data to document the safety aspects of CLRS and the availability of policies, guidelines, warrants, and costs regarding their use and design.
Book Synopsis Investigating Safety Effectiveness of Centerline Rumble Strips on Rural Two-lane Roads in Louisiana with Empirical Bayes Method by : Mohammad Ashifur Rahman
Download or read book Investigating Safety Effectiveness of Centerline Rumble Strips on Rural Two-lane Roads in Louisiana with Empirical Bayes Method written by Mohammad Ashifur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crash Reduction Following Installation of Centerline Rumble Strips on Rural Two-lane Roads by : Bhagwant N. Persaud
Download or read book Crash Reduction Following Installation of Centerline Rumble Strips on Rural Two-lane Roads written by Bhagwant N. Persaud and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Using Centerline Rumble Strips in Virginia by : Chung S. Chen
Download or read book Guidelines for Using Centerline Rumble Strips in Virginia written by Chung S. Chen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the wide and successful use of continuous shoulder rumble strips, many state departments of transportations (DOTs) installed centerline rumble strips (CLRS) on rural two-lane and undivided multilane highways in an effort to reduce cross-over-the-centerline (COCL) crashes. COCL crashes include head-on, sideswipe opposite direction, fixed object run-off-the-road left, and non-collision. The purpose of this research was to develop guidelines for using CLRS in Virginia based on a review of best practices and the analysis of Virginia COCL crash data from 2001 through 2003. The analysis procedures included data query and analyses of crash frequency, density, and rate. Areas and route locations with the highest COCL crashes and densities were identified as potential candidate sites for CLRS. As of 2003, 24 state DOTs and two Canadian provinces were using CLRS. They are generally installed on a case-by-case basis. CLRS design patterns vary greatly among states, but the most commonly used types are continuous grooves 12 to 16 inches in length, 6 to 7 inches in width, and 0.5 inch in depth spaced 12 or 24 inches apart. The optimal CLRS patterns remain unknown. Data analyses revealed that the distribution of COCL crashes in Virginia varied significantly with roadway system, road type, jurisdictional area, and road location. The statewide COCL crash densities were 0.13 and 0.71 crash per mile for secondary and primary roads, respectively. Fixed object run-off-the-road left was the predominant type of COCL crash followed by sideswipe opposite direction and head-on for undivided roads. The crash density of the primary system was 4.5 times higher than that of the secondary system. Guidelines were developed that outline the application of CLRS, design dimensions, installation and maintenance, and other issues. The authors recommend that the Virginia Department of Transportation's Traffic Engineering Division implement the guidelines as a division memorandum. Although a benefit-cost ratio for this recommendation will vary with each site, a sample estimated benefit-cost ratio was at least 7.6 per mile.
Book Synopsis Practice of Rumble Strips and Rumble Stripes by : Omar Smadi
Download or read book Practice of Rumble Strips and Rumble Stripes written by Omar Smadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis documents current practices used by states installing rumble strips and explores variations in practice in terms of design, criteria, and locations for installation, maintenance, perceived benefits, communication of benefits, and important issues. Information was acquired through a literature review, survey on current practice, and case examples. The survey also included questions specific to the state of practice for rumble stripes, which is the term used when the pavement marking lines are painted on the rumble strip in an effort to increase visibility during inclement weather conditions. The findings indicate that two-thirds of the state agencies rely on traditional methods to address the noise issue: skipping rumbles in residential areas, adjusting their depth, or not installing rumbles at all. The overwhelming majority of responding states, 83%, have developed policies or guidance to modify their rumble design practices to be sensitive to cyclists. Fewer than half the respondents have developed policies/guidance to address pavement deterioration; several agencies indicated that pavement condition is a factor on whether to install a rumble or not. The survey also showed that very few state DOTs have created public campaigns to explain that the use of rumbles improves safety so that complaints regarding noise, bicycle issues, and other are minimized.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Recent Traffic and Safety Initiatives by : Mitsuru Saito
Download or read book Evaluation of Recent Traffic and Safety Initiatives written by Mitsuru Saito and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fall of 2003, the Utah Department of Transportation installed centerline rumble strips on various sections of highway US-6 between Spanish Fork, Utah and Soldier Summit, Utah as well as directly east of Wellington, Utah. Centerline rumble strips are a relatively new technique aimed at reducing the number of cross-over type accidents that occur on rural, undivided, two-way highways. The combination of a literature review, a public opinion survey and a state of the practice survey has revealed favorable results towards centerline rumble strips.
Book Synopsis Centerline Rumble Strips by : William Outcalt
Download or read book Centerline Rumble Strips written by William Outcalt and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an evaluation of centerline rumble strips on a two-lane mountain highway. Accident data before and after construction is given to demonstrate the improvement in safety. Visual evaluations of the effects of the rumble strips on the condition of the pavement and centerline striping are given. Centerline rumble strips are recommended for installation on two-lane highways where there is a history of crossover (head-on and sideswipe from opposite directions) type accidents.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Four Recent Traffic and Safety Initiatives - Volume III by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Four Recent Traffic and Safety Initiatives - Volume III written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fall of 2003, the Utah Department of Transportation installed centerline rumble strips on various sections of highway US-6. The combination of a literature review, a public opinion survey and a state of the practice survey has revealed favorable results towards centerline rumble strips. Positive findings include: (a) several reports stating a significant reduction in cross-over related accidents, injuries and fatalities, (b) high benefit to cost ratios, (c) versatile installation conditions, and (d) public approval and acceptance of centerline rumble strips. However, negative aspects include: (a) after installation data is inadequate for statistical comparison, (b) noise pollution, (c) various maintenance issues, (d) motorcyclist and bicyclist safety concerns, (e) emergency vehicle operation efficiency, and (f) potential risk of drivers correcting into the oncoming lane.
Book Synopsis Policy Considerations and Evaluation of the Safety Effectiveness of Rumble Strips in Wyoming by : Mirza Ahammad Sharif
Download or read book Policy Considerations and Evaluation of the Safety Effectiveness of Rumble Strips in Wyoming written by Mirza Ahammad Sharif and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rumble strips/stripes are used by many states as a relatively low cost proven safety countermeasure to reduce or prevent lane departure crashes by providing a vibrotactile and audible warning to inattentive motorists. Although the advantages of rumble strips are generally found to outweigh the disadvantages, several issues and concerns have been identified regarding the implementation of rumble strips. The main goal of this study is to develop an effective policy of shoulder and centerline rumble strips/stripes in the State of Wyoming to enhance motor vehicle safety while accommodating all road users to the highest practical extent. Surveys were conducted to assess road users' concerns about rumble strips. Moreover, several issues regarding the use of rumble strips/stripes including: construction, maintenance, and noise are discussed. With the help of WYDOT, information regarding the state of practice of rumble strips/stripes in the U.S. was collected. Information was obtained through a review of the literature, online survey, and email communication with States DOTs. Thirty states responded to the online survey. Only four agencies have fully adhered to the NCHRP guidelines; Idaho, Mississippi, Nevada, and New Mexico. Fifteen agencies indicated that they are using the guidelines provided by NCHRP with some modifications to suit the needs of their region. Seven agencies are using their own guidelines; Alabama, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Among the agencies which took the survey, only Oklahoma responded that they do not have a written policy for rumble strips. Based on the DOTs guidelines identified recently from the literature and survey responses, thirty state agencies have already made provisions to accommodate bicyclists. Only three agencies responded that they do not have any provisions for bicyclists while the remaining eighteen state agencies indicated that they do not have adequate information to address this issue. The rest of the survey results showed that many DOTs are still updating their rumble strip policies. DOTs which had already been using their own guidelines are now moving forward to accommodate the non-conventional vehicles and nearby residents. About 72 percent of the states are following the NCHRP Report 641 guideline, either strictly or with some modifications. Application criteria and maintenance practices vary by state. Shoulder rumble strips are more widely used than centerline rumble strips or shoulder rumble stripes. Rumble strips are installed mostly on rural roadways since they possess fewer constraints on installation criteria. All of the 30 states which responded to the survey are using SRS and among them 27 states are using CLRS. The use of the combination of SRS and CLRS is not adopted by all the states, only 55 percent of the states are using both types in combination. Although the NCHRP 641 issued guidance on how state agencies can balance the increase in rumble strips implementation while accommodating all roadway users, 16 percent of state DOTs have indicated that their policies do not have any provisions for bicyclists when installing rumble strips, whereas, 42 percent of the DOTs do not consider noise when installing rumble strips. Most of the DOTs commented that they try to avoid installing rumble strips in urban areas to prevent noise. From the survey responses, information gathered in earlier surveys, and from synthesis documents; it was found that 36 states made provisions to accommodate bicyclists; while only 3 states; Idaho, Maine, and Florida attempted to accommodate motorcyclists. Maine DOT provides skip pattern on centerline rumble strips in rumble strips to facilitate motorcycle lane changes. Idaho DOT uses centerline rumble strips only in no-passing zones. The governing criteria ranked by DOTs when a roadway is considered for installing rumble strips are in the following order; area type (urban vs. rural), guardrail, pavement type, pavement thickness, bicycle traffic, motorcyclists, noise, nearby residents. An Expert System has been developed to provide an interactive easy way to navigate through rumble strips/stripes practices and guidelines in the U.S. It is recommended that the information compiled in the 'Expert System' should be fully utilized when adopting a new policy. It is also recommended that other DOTs implement or upgrade their rumble strips policies may utilize recent information presented in this study. Nine rural two-lane segments of 121.6 miles were identified for safety effectiveness analysis and to calibrate Crash Modification Factors (CMF) for rumble strips in Wyoming. Three years of crash and traffic data in the before and after were used to conduct a Naïve before-after analysis. The results showed significant effect of shoulder rumble strips on reducing target crashes and total crashes. Total crashes reduced by 40%. Additionally, Fatal and Injury (F+I) crashes, and Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road (SVROR) crashes reduced by 44% and 39%, respectively.
Book Synopsis Investigating Safety Impact of Center Line Rumble Strips, Lane Conversion, Roundabout, and J-turn Features on Louisiana Highways by : Xiaoduan Sun
Download or read book Investigating Safety Impact of Center Line Rumble Strips, Lane Conversion, Roundabout, and J-turn Features on Louisiana Highways written by Xiaoduan Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several years, Louisiana has installed quite a few relatively new crash countermeasures, such as center line rumble strips (CLRS) on rural two-lane highways, restriping four-lane undivided roadways to three-lane or five-lane roadways with center lane for left turns, restricting median openings on high speed corridors (RCUT), and roundabouts. Evaluating the effectiveness of these crash countermeasures is crucial for the state highway safety improvement programs. According to the results of this study, these four countermeasures are generally cost-effective and successful in reducing crashes, particularly severe crashes. Estimated crash modification factors (CMFs) for total crashes are 0.83 for CLRS by the Empirical Bayes (EB) method. The CMF for the lane conversion to three and five-lane highways are 0.61 and 0.70 by EB method for segment, and 0.69 and 0.76 by Improved Prediction Method for segment plus intersection. The CMF for RCUT is 0.86 and 0.69 by Improved Prediction Method for RCUT section and intersection only. The CMF for RCUT intersection only is 0.80 by EB method. The CMF for roundabout with stop-sign on minor street (without layout change) is 0.32 and 0.28 by Improved Prediction and EB method. Except roundabout, the ratio of benefit to cost (B/C) is bigger or much bigger than one. Being the most expensive countermeasure, the B/C ratio of roundabout is less than one, but that estimation did not count the benefit from the improved traffic flow performance (reduced delay or saving in travel time) and long-time safety benefits (only three after years).
Book Synopsis Identification, Quantification and Structuring of Two-lane Rural Highway Safety Problems and Solutions. Volume II - Physical and Safety Characteristics of Two-lane Rural Highways. Final Report by : S. A. Smith
Download or read book Identification, Quantification and Structuring of Two-lane Rural Highway Safety Problems and Solutions. Volume II - Physical and Safety Characteristics of Two-lane Rural Highways. Final Report written by S. A. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Centerline Rumble Strips on Safety, Exterior Noise, and Operational Use of the Travel Lane by : Daniel Edgard Karkle
Download or read book Effects of Centerline Rumble Strips on Safety, Exterior Noise, and Operational Use of the Travel Lane written by Daniel Edgard Karkle and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Centerline rumble strips (CLRS) are effective in preventing cross-over crashes and are promoted in the United States (U.S.) as a low-cost safety measure. However, there may be negative issues and/or concerns that question their use under certain road conditions. This dissertation is the result of studying these issues and concerns to provide guidance to policy makers on future installations of CLRS, based on current good practices and on the results of specific investigations of exterior noise, safety effectiveness, economics, and drivers' behavior, including their interaction with shoulders and shoulder rumble strips (SRS). From a survey conducted, good practices in the U.S. were summarized. From a before-and-after study of CLRS safety effectiveness, results showed that total correctable crashes were reduced by 29.21%. Crashes involving fatalities and injuries were reduced by 34.05%. Cross-over crashes were reduced by 67.19%, and run-off-the-road crashes were reduced by 19.19%. Both Naïve and Empirical Bayes methods were applied and showed statistically similar results. There was no statistical difference between football shaped and rectangular shaped CLRS. From the external noise study performed, it was found that external noise depends on vehicle speed, type of vehicle, and distance. Both football and rectangular CLRS substantially increased the levels of external noise at distances up to 45 m (150 ft). Therefore, before installing CLRS, the distance from houses or businesses should be considered. A distance of 60 m (200 ft) was recommended as the limit of the potential exterior noise problem area. From a study of drivers' behavior, the analyzed configurations of rumble strips and shoulder width levels affected vehicular lateral position and speed levels, although speed deviations were not practically significant. The study of safety performance function models provided technical and economical recommendations for installation of CLRS. Overall, this study recommends the installation of CLRS on rural, two-lane, undivided rural roads in Kansas. Both patterns, rectangular and football, currently installed in Kansas have provided crash reductions, which have been reflected in economic benefits for society. Shoulder width and traffic volume should be considered as crash predictors for enhancement of the benefits. Guidelines were recommended for future better applications of CLRS.
Book Synopsis Safety Effectiveness of Centerline Rumble Strips and Shoulder Rumble Strips on Louisiana Two-lane Highways by : Sushmita Khanal
Download or read book Safety Effectiveness of Centerline Rumble Strips and Shoulder Rumble Strips on Louisiana Two-lane Highways written by Sushmita Khanal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Centerline Rumble Strips on Lateral Vehicle Placement and Speed on Two-lane Highways by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Centerline Rumble Strips on Lateral Vehicle Placement and Speed on Two-lane Highways written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shoulder Rumble Strips for Improving Safety on Rural Interstates by : Per Gårder
Download or read book Shoulder Rumble Strips for Improving Safety on Rural Interstates written by Per Gårder and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
