Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Progress In Thermodynamics Diffusion Ion And Proton Transport Of Ionic Compounds And Ion Conducting Polymer Films
Download Progress In Thermodynamics Diffusion Ion And Proton Transport Of Ionic Compounds And Ion Conducting Polymer Films full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Progress In Thermodynamics Diffusion Ion And Proton Transport Of Ionic Compounds And Ion Conducting Polymer Films ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Progress in Thermodynamics, Diffusion, Ion and Proton Transport of Ionic Compounds and Ion-Conducting Polymer Films by : Helmut Mehrer
Download or read book Progress in Thermodynamics, Diffusion, Ion and Proton Transport of Ionic Compounds and Ion-Conducting Polymer Films written by Helmut Mehrer and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion conducting, proton conducting and mixed conductor materials are important components of solid state devices for energy storage and conversion and for energy production. The present volume of "Diffusion Foundations" is the second one of two volumes devoted to recent progress in structure, thermodynamics, ion and proton transport in ionic materials and in this volume ceramic materials and polymer membranes are in focus.
Book Synopsis PEM Water Electrolysis by : Dmitri Bessarabov
Download or read book PEM Water Electrolysis written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Primers is a series of concise books that present those coming into this broad and multidisciplinary field the most recent advances in each of its particular topics. Its volumes bring together information that has thus far been scattered in many different sources under one single title, which makes them a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students, especially those starting in a new topic of research. These volumes, PEM Water Electrolysis vol 1 and 2, allows these readers to identify the technology gaps for the development of commercially viable PEM electrolysis systems for energy applications. This primer examines the fundamentals of PEM electrolysis and selected research topics that are currently subject of attention by academic and industry community, such as gas cross-over and AST protocols. This lays the foundation for the exploration of the current industrial trends for PEM electrolysis, such as power to gas application, are discussed, with strong focus on the current trends in the application of PEM electrolysis associated with energy storage. These include durability aspects of PEM electrolysis systems and components, accelerated stress test protocols, manufacturing aspects of large-scale electrolyzers and components, gas crossover problems in PEM electrolyzer safety, and challenges associated with high-current density operation of PEM electrolyzers. A technology development matrix for systems and components requirements will also be covered, as well as unconventional PEM water electrolysis systems, such as ozone generators Presents the fundamentals and most current knowledge in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers Explores the technology gaps and challenges for commercial deployment of PEM water electrolysis technologies Includes unconventional systems, such as ozone generators Brings together information from many different sources under one single title, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students alike
Book Synopsis Understanding and Engineering Ion Transport in Conducting Polymers by : Eleni Stavrinidou
Download or read book Understanding and Engineering Ion Transport in Conducting Polymers written by Eleni Stavrinidou and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many organic electronic and bioelectronics devices rely on mixed (electronic and ionic) transport within a single organic layer. Although electronic transport in these materials is relatively well understood, a fundamental understanding of ion transport is missing. I developed a simple analytical model that describes ion transport in a planar junction between an electrolyte and a conducting polymer film. The model leads to predictions of the temporal evolution of drift length of ions and current. These predictions are validated by numerical simulations and by using realistic parameters, I show that the analytical model can be used to obtain the ion mobility in the film. Furthermore, I developed an experimental method which allows the application of the analytical model and leads to a straightforward estimation of the ion drift mobilities in conducting polymers. PEDOT:PSS was found to support efficient transport of common ions, consistent with extensive swelling of the film in water. Crosslinking the film decreased its swelling and the ion mobility. Understanding the high correlation of hydration and ionic conductivity enables us to engineer materials with high and defined ion mobilities. As an example tuning of ion mobility by adjusting the relative ratio of the hydroscopic phase to PEDOT:TOS is presented. Finally I performed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy during a moving front experiment, in order to give a physical interpretation of the impedance spectra at a conducting polymer/electrolyte junction.
Book Synopsis Ion Transport and Morphological Changes Within Conducting Polymer Films on Electrode Surfaces by : Ronald B. Sprinkle
Download or read book Ion Transport and Morphological Changes Within Conducting Polymer Films on Electrode Surfaces written by Ronald B. Sprinkle and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Relaxation and Thermodynamics in Polymers by : Ernst-Joachim Donth
Download or read book Relaxation and Thermodynamics in Polymers written by Ernst-Joachim Donth and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1992 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrating on the main phenomena in a spatial scale of about 2-20nm and their relations in both space and time, the author gives a comprehensive review for all newcomers in the rapidly growing field of the relaxation and thermodynamics of polymers.
Book Synopsis Understanding Ion Transport Confined in Multilayer Polymer Films Using Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy by : Lei Zhu
Download or read book Understanding Ion Transport Confined in Multilayer Polymer Films Using Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy written by Lei Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multilayer dielectric films, which comprise of a high dielectric constant polar polymer [e.g., poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) or nylons] and a high breakdown strength/low loss polymer [e.g., polycarbonate (PC)], are promising for next generation polymer film capacitors, because they can combine both advantageous extrinsic (interfacial polarization) and intrinsic (electronic/atomic/orientational polarizations) dielectric properties into one system. Nonetheless, polar polymers, such as PVDF and nylons, are easily contaminated with impurity ions, which are very difficult to remove. Even sub-ppm level of impurity ions can cause significant conduction loss for dielectric films. Multilayer films with nanoconfinement is an excellent approach to mitigate impurity ion conduction loss for polar polymers. In this work, confined ionic transport in multilayer films is studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy combined with analytical simulation at both low and high alternating current electric fields. With this insightful understanding, impurity ions in PVDF layers are polarized and then locked in high glass transition temperature PC layers. Ultimately, impurity ion conduction loss is significantly reduced for multilayer films at temperatures up to 120 u00b0C.
Book Synopsis Proton-Conducting Ceramics by : Mathieu Marrony
Download or read book Proton-Conducting Ceramics written by Mathieu Marrony and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-09 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a wide overview of the research and development of proton-conducting solid oxide materials. It is the first to approach the topic on proton-conducting ceramics and presents analysis studies from the fundamental to the most promising applied domains. It describes theoretical studies to enhance understanding of proton-transport mec
Book Synopsis Ion Transport and Charge Compensation in Conducting Polymers by : Abdulrahman Albertar
Download or read book Ion Transport and Charge Compensation in Conducting Polymers written by Abdulrahman Albertar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties in Ion Associating Polymeric Materials by : Joshua Everett Bostwick
Download or read book Investigation of Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties in Ion Associating Polymeric Materials written by Joshua Everett Bostwick and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are ion-conducting polymers where the polymer matrix is swollen with a certain amount of solvent. While GPEs are able to take advantage of both the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix and the conductive properties of the solvent, they are limited due to the inverse relationship between the ionic conductivity ([sigma]o) and the modulus, diminishing their potential as next generation lithium-ion battery electrolytes. In this dissertation, we studied the fundamental properties of three different GPEs, molecular ionic composites (MICs) where the solvent is an ionic liquid (IL), single-ion-based MICs where the 'solvent' is poly(ethylene glycol), and cellulose-ionic liquid solutions, for their potential use as battery electrolytes. MICs utilize the mechanical and thermal stability of a rigid-rod sulfonated polyelectrolyte, poly(2,2')-disulfonyl-4,4'benzidine terephthalamide (PBDT), and the high conductivity, electrochemical stability, and low volatility of ILs. This allows the MICs to produce a simultaneous high modulus (from the PBDT) and a high conductivity (from the IL). The first half of this dissertation explores how the change in either the PBDT concentration with a constant IL or the IL molecular volume (Vm) and chemistry with a constant PBDT concentration affects both the mechanical and charge transport properties of the MICs. The varying PBDT concentration MICs were produced via an ion exchange method to form 3 mm diameter cylinders (ingots) while the varying IL Vm MICs were produced via solvent casting to form six free-standing films. The single-ion PBDT membranes were also formed via the solvent casting method. The mechanical properties were measured using a combination of oscillatory shear rheology and uniaxial tensile tests (only for the films), while the dielectric properties and morphology of the films were determined through dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. Increasing the MIC PBDT concentration with a constant IL, 1-butyl- 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIm-BF4), showed a minimal change in dynamic glass transition temperature (Tg) of roughly 2 °C through rheology with its respective IL. This allowed for the MIC ionic conductivity ([sigma]o) at elevated PBDT concentrations to be within a factor of two of the neat IL at room temperature while also producing a shear modulus (G') in the MPa range up to 200 °C. This is due to the MICs producing a two-phase environment corresponding to an IL-rich "puddle" phase and a PBDT-rich "bundle" phase, shown through the phase contrast in atomic force microscopy (AFM), where IL ions form alternating sheaths of cations and anions around each PBDT rod. As the PBDT concentration increases, these puddles shrink and produce a near single bundle phase. This potentially increases the polarizability of the MIC, shown by an increasing static dielectric constant, as well as allowing for more IL ions to contribute to [sigma]o shown by a decrease in the Haven ratio (HR), the ratio between the total number of charge carriers observed through NMR and the number conductive charge carriers that can be analyzed through the ionic conductivity. Incorporating ILs with different molecular volumes (Vm) and chemistries in the MICs with a constant PBDT concentration showed that all MICs maintain low Tgs, ranging between 0 -- 8 °C above their respective neat IL. This was confirmed through analyzing the derivative spectra from DRS to determine the dynamic Tg as well as measuring the thermal Tg through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The agreement in Tg between these two methods suggests that the glassy dynamics of MICs is dictated by the rearrangement of IL ions during charge transport. All MICs are able to produce high [sigma]o, ranging from 1 -- 6 mS cm-1 at 30 °C with smaller imidazolium-based cations producing higher [sigma]o than MICs with larger imidazolium cations and similar anions due to their larger molar conductivity. Tensile measurements showed that all MICs produce IL-dependent Young's modulus (E), ranging from 50 -- 500 MPa at 30 °C, up to 60 x higher when compared to the G' of the same MICs. We propose this is due the difference in the distribution of PBDT chains between the shear and tensile planes as well as the competing interactions between the IL ions and the PBDT rods. This hypothesis is supported by the AFM phase contrast images, where the 1-ethyl- 3-methylimidazolium (EMIm+) based MICs show the largest formation of the bundle phase (with very small puddles) while the BMIm+ based MICs produce a larger puddle phases as the anion Vm decreases, thus lowering E. Relating the [sigma]o to their corresponding diffusive coefficients through the Nernst-Einstein shows that all MIC have an ionicity (inverse Haven ratio, HR--1) range between 0.54 -- 0.63, suggesting that a fraction of the diffusive ions do not contribute to charge transport. Along with the IL-based MICs, we analyzed the dielectric and mechanical dynamics of single-ion conducting PBDT-based membranes by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 400 g mol-1 (PEG400) and either Na+ or Li+ counterions are studied in detail. Varying the PBDT and PEG400 wt% allowed for the preparation of varying PBDT concentrated membranes. All membranes have low DSC Tgs, regardless of counterion attached to the PBDT and the Tg increases with elevated PBDT concentration. The ionic conductivity of the membranes systematically decreases with increasing PBDT concentration, ranging from 0.1 -- 7 [mu]S cm-1` at 30 °C and reaching 100 [mu]S cm-1 at 120 °C in the lowest NaPBDT concentration film. Normalizing the temperature-dependent ionic conductivities divided by their respective Coulombic dielectric constant by the dynamic DRS Tg show that all data roughly collapse onto a single curve, suggesting that the glassy dynamics are dictated the speed of the diffusive motion and the dissociation of ion-pairs produced from strong ionic interactions in the membrane. Tensile stress-strain analysis on the membranes reveal that the E is dominated by the counterion used with the Na+-based membranes producing an E ranging from approximately 100 -- 400 MPa while the Li+-based membranes produced an E ranging from approximately 300 -- 2100 MPa. We suggest that Li+ counterions forms a stronger network with the PBDT sulfonate groups off of the PBDT than the Na+ counterions. The smaller Li+ binds to the sulfonates on the PBDT chain more strongly, confirming that the modulus of this class of materials has ionic origins. We investigated the dielectric dynamics of cellulose in ILs through DRS to understand the fundamental properties of cellulose-IL solutions with varying cellulose concentration and IL. Like the MICs, the cellulose-IL solutions showed relatively high ionic conductivity compared to their respective neat IL, all within a factor of 4 at 30 °C at the highest cellulose concentration, as well as minimal increase in the dynamic DRS Tg (up to 10 °C). The ionic conductivity normalized by the DRS Tg show all data collapsing on a single curve with each IL suggesting that the glassy dynamics in these solutions is dictated by the ion arrangement produced on charge transport. Additionally, increasing the cellulose concentration increases the static dielectric constant relative to the neat ILs suggesting the association between the cellulose and IL ions enhances the polarizability of the solution over the neat IL.
Book Synopsis Fast Ion Transport in Solids by : B. Scrosati
Download or read book Fast Ion Transport in Solids written by B. Scrosati and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main motivation for the organization of the Advanced Research Workshop in Belgirate was the promotion of discussions on the most recent issues and the future perspectives in the field of Solid State lonics. The location was chosen on purpose since Belgirate was the place were twenty years ago, also then under the sponsorship of NATO, the very first international meeting on this important and interdisciplinary field took place. That meeting was named "Fast Ion Transport in Solids" and gathered virtually everybody at that time having been active in any aspect of motion of ions in solids. The original Belgirate Meeting made for the first time visible the technological potential related to the phenomenon of the fast ionic transport in solids and, accordingly, the field was given the name "Solid State lonics". This field is now expanded to cover a wide range of technologies which includes chemical sensors for environmental and process control, electrochromic windows, mirrors and displays, fuel cells, high performance rechargeable batteries for stationary applications and electrotraction, chemotronics, semiconductor ionics, water electrolysis cells for hydrogen economy and other applications. The main idea for holding an anniversary meeting was that of discussing the most recent issues and the future perspectives of Solid State lonics just twenty years after it has started at the same location on the lake Maggiore in North Italy.
Book Synopsis Polymerized Ionic Liquids by : Ali Eftekhari
Download or read book Polymerized Ionic Liquids written by Ali Eftekhari and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series covers the fundamentals and applications of different smart material systems from renowned international experts.
Book Synopsis Solid State Proton Conductors by : Philippe Knauth
Download or read book Solid State Proton Conductors written by Philippe Knauth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton conduction can be found in many different solid materials, from organic polymers at room temperature to inorganic oxides at high temperature. Solid state proton conductors are of central interest for many technological innovations, including hydrogen and humidity sensors, membranes for water electrolyzers and, most importantly, for high-efficiency electrochemical energy conversion in fuel cells. Focusing on fundamentals and physico-chemical properties of solid state proton conductors, topics covered include: Morphology and Structure of Solid Acids Diffusion in Solid Proton Conductors by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Structure and Diffusivity by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Proton-Conducting Polymers Ab initio Modeling of Transport and Structure Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acids Proton-Conducting Aromatic Polymers Inorganic Solid Proton Conductors Uniquely combining both organic (polymeric) and inorganic proton conductors, Solid State Proton Conductors: Properties and Applications in Fuel Cells provides a complete treatment of research on proton-conducting materials.
Book Synopsis Polymer Thermodynamics by : Sabine Enders
Download or read book Polymer Thermodynamics written by Sabine Enders and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-01-18 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making Flory-Huggins Practical: Thermodynamics of Polymer-Containing Mixtures, by B. A. Wolf * Aqueous Solutions of Polyelectrolytes: Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and Some Related Properties, by G. Maurer, S. Lammertz, and L. Ninni Schäfer * Gas-Polymer Interactions: Key Thermodynamic Data and Thermophysical Properties, by J.-P. E. Grolier, and S. A.E. Boyer * Interfacial Tension in Binary Polymer Blends and the Effects of Copolymers as Emulsifying Agents, by S. H. Anastasiadis * Theory of Random Copolymer Fractionation in Columns, by Sabine Enders * Computer Simulations and Coarse-Grained Molecular Models Predicting the Equation of State of Polymer Solutions, by K. Binder, B. Mognetti, W. Paul, P. Virnau, and L. Yelash * Modeling of Polymer Phase Equilibria Using Equations of State, by G. Sadowski
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intrinsically Conducting Polymers: An Emerging Technology by : M. Aldissi
Download or read book Intrinsically Conducting Polymers: An Emerging Technology written by M. Aldissi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the majority of the papers presented at the NATO Ad vanced Research Workshop (ARW) held in Burlington, Vermont, USA on October 12-15, 1992. This ARW was the first of its kind to address the subject of intrinsically conducting polymers with an emphasis on processing and technological applications. The NATO ARW format was followed in that the subjects addressed here were limited in number but discussed in detail with the attendance being limited to a small number of selected scientists. The ARW brought together lecturers who are leaders in their respective fields from a wide range of NATO and non-NATO countries (a total of 11 countries) with the support of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division and some support from Champlain Cable Corporation. The total number of par ticipants was 33 and the number of presentations was 24. The speakers were chosen based on the topics selected for this workshop and repre sented industry, universities and government laboratories. The field of conducting polymers has grown rapidly during the past few years with important developments in materials processing and fabrica tion that brought about active research programs focusing on the use of these polymers as "smart" materials in technological applications and devices in academic and industrial research laboratories.
Book Synopsis Electrochemistry for Materials Science by : Walfried Plieth
Download or read book Electrochemistry for Materials Science written by Walfried Plieth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the principles of electrochemistry with a special emphasis on materials science. This book is clearly organized around the main topic areas comprising electrolytes, electrodes, development of the potential differences in combining electrolytes with electrodes, the electrochemical double layer, mass transport, and charge transfer, making the subject matter more accessible.In the second part, several important areas for materials science are described in more detail. These chapters bridge the gap between the introductory textbooks and the more specialized literature. They feature the electrodeposition of metals and alloys, electrochemistry of oxides and semiconductors, intrinsically conducting polymers, and aspects of nanotechnology with an emphasis on the codeposition of nanoparticles.This book provides a good introduction into electrochemistry for the graduate student. For the research student as well as for the advanced reader there is sufficient information on the basic problems in special chapters. The book is suitable for students and researchers in chemistry, physics, engineering, as well as materials science. - Introduction into electrochemistry- Metal and alloy electrodeposition- Oxides and semiconductors, corrosion- Intrinsically conducting polymers- Codeposition of nanoparticles, multilayers
Book Synopsis Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces by : Harald Ibach
Download or read book Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces written by Harald Ibach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-18 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level textbook covers the major developments in surface sciences of recent decades, from experimental tricks and basic techniques to the latest experimental methods and theoretical understanding. It is unique in its attempt to treat the physics of surfaces, thin films and interfaces, surface chemistry, thermodynamics, statistical physics and the physics of the solid/electrolyte interface in an integral manner, rather than in separate compartments. It is designed as a handbook for the researcher as well as a study-text for graduate students. Written explanations are supported by 350 graphs and illustrations.
