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Production Mechanism Of Diluent Injection In Heavy Oil And Bitumen
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Book Synopsis Production Mechanism of Diluent Injection in Heavy Oil and Bitumen by : Duong Thai Nguyen
Download or read book Production Mechanism of Diluent Injection in Heavy Oil and Bitumen written by Duong Thai Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invention of horizontal and hydraulic fractured have shaped the oil and gas industry in such a way that engineers could never imagine. Thanks to the new technology, tight formation productions help the United States comes tantalizingly close to energy independent. After four decades, the U.S. lifted the ban on crude oil export increased the competition in the energy market. However, tight formations productions require high capital investment, and high water consumption but its production declines fast. Scientist[s] have been actively seeking for alternative resources for future supply. Heavy oil and bitumen is one of interesting alternative, as the resource can be all over the world, but te largest reserves are concentrated in Americas: Venezuela, and in Canada's Alberta Province. The production of heavy oil and bitumen is an extremely energy-intensive activity with the associated high environmental impact. Most common methods for heavy oil and bitumen production are surface mining or heat injection. The heat lost associated with steam injection is a big concern, sometimes it can be as high as 90%. To reduce heat loss, the use of solvent was employed. However, solvent processes with vertical wells could be much slower than the thermal process such as steam injection. Since the introduction of horizontal well and hydraulic fracture that helps increase the contact area between the solvent and oil, the investigation of solvent injection process has been widely revisited. Solvent or diluent injection without understanding asphaltene behavior can cause permeability and porosity reduction. In this study, I have investigated the mass transfer mechanisms in diluent processes with focus on understanding how these mechanisms govern asphaltene precipitation, flocculation and transportation.
Book Synopsis Mass Transfer Mechanisms During the Solvent Recovery of Heavy Oil by : Lesley Anne James
Download or read book Mass Transfer Mechanisms During the Solvent Recovery of Heavy Oil written by Lesley Anne James and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canada has the second largest proven oil reserves next to Saudi Arabia which is mostly located in Alberta and Saskatchewan but is unconventional heavy oil and bitumen. The tar sands are found at the surface and are mined, yet 80% of the 173 billion barrels of heavy oil and bitumen exist in-situ according to the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP). Two factors inhibit the economic extraction and processing of Canadian heavy oil; its enormous viscosity ranging from 1000 to over 1 million mPa.s and the asphaltene content (high molecular weight molecules containing heavy metals and sulphur). Heavy oil and bitumen were only included in the reserves estimates through the efforts of Canadian enhanced oil recovery (EOR) research. Viscosity reduction is the one common element of in-situ methods of heavy oil recovery with the exception of cold production. Currently, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) are being used commercially in the field where the oil's viscosity is reduced by injecting steam. Thermal methods are energy intensive requiring vast volumes of water such that any improvement would be beneficial. Solvent extraction is one alternative requiring no water, the solvent is recoverable and reusable, and depending on the mode of operation the heavy oil is upgraded in-situ. Vapour Extraction (VAPEX) and enhanced solvent extraction (N-SolvTM) are two such methods. VAPEX and N-Solv reduce the bitumen's viscosity via mass transfer and a combination of mass and heat transfer, respectively. A light hydrocarbon solvent (instead of steam) is injected into an upper horizontal well where the solvent mixes with the heavy oil, reduces its viscosity and allows the oil to drain under gravity to a bottom production well. The idea of using solvents for heavy oil extraction has been around since the 1970s and both VAPEX and N-Solv are patented processes. However, there is still much to be learned about how these processes physically work. Research to date has focused on varying system parameters (including model dimensions, permeability, heavy oil viscosity, solvent type and injection rate, etc.) to observe the effect on oil production from laboratory scale models. Based on an early mass balance model by Butler and Mokrys (1989) and an improvement by Das (1995), molecular diffusion alone cannot account for the produced oil rates observed from laboratory models. Until recently, very little progress had been made towards qualifying and quantifying the mass transfer mechanisms with the exception of the diffusivity of light hydrocarbons in heavy oil. Mass transfer can only be by diffusion and convection. Differentiating and quantifying the contribution of each is complex due to the nature and viscosity of the oil. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the mass transfer mechanisms during the solvent recovery of heavy oil.
Book Synopsis Mass Transfer Studies in Heavy Oil Recovery Using Solvents by : Vijitha Mohan
Download or read book Mass Transfer Studies in Heavy Oil Recovery Using Solvents written by Vijitha Mohan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Heavy oil, sometimes called bitumen, is known for its high viscosity (above 100 cp) and low API gravity (below 22°). In most cases, viscosity reduction is needed for the final product. There is a considerable amount of heavy oil in Alberta, Canada and the world's largest heavy oil deposit is in Venezuela. Yet less than 1% of it can be recovered because of its high viscosity. For shallow reservoirs, it is possible to resort to open cast mining. For deeper reservoirs, steam is used at ~ 350 °C which gets the oil viscosity reduced to 1cp, which can now be drained out. This process requires large amount of water to make steam, the used water cannot be reused due to presence of high levels of bitumen in it and is currently leading to pollution. The recovered bitumen being highly viscous needs a diluent like naphtha for transportation. Therefore another method is devised which involves using gaseous or liquid solvents directly to bring down the viscosity of bitumen. One such method, vapor extraction (VAPEX) process uses gaseous solvents like hydrocarbon solvents and CO2 to reduce bitumen viscosity. Vaporized solvents is introduced laterally to bitumen to reduce its viscosity and the less viscous bitumen drains under gravity. Solubility of solvents in bitumen is analyzed first. As solvents solubilize, it diffuses into bitumen and the diffusivity is strongly concentration dependent. The concentration dependence of solvent diffusivity in bitumen is measured next. Knowing the solubility and diffusivity of solvents, a model is used next to simulate oil recovery. It predicts an optimum solvent for this oil recovery process"--Abstract, page iv.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs by : Peter G. De Buda
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Peter G. De Buda and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs, Phase II. by :
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs, Phase II. written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical simulation is an essential tool in the design and development of oil recovery strategies, and is particularly important for the more costly and marginally economic recovery schemes contemplated for heavy oil and bitumen recovery. One process that has shown excellent promise is the horizontal-well gravity-drainage stream injection process. In field trials, it was found that the formation is heated only in a spherical zone around the injection well. To resolve these problems, this report develops a two-dimensional simulator to track the location of the steam front explicitly within a finite-difference procedure, so that the phenomena at the stream front can be more accurately simulated. The report presents details of the mathematical analysis required to incorporate the time-dependent coordinate transformation and the finite-difference representation.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs by : Peter G. De Buda
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Peter G. De Buda and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Possibility of Steam Injection in an Oil Production by : Bahaa Aldeen Alfkaiki
Download or read book The Possibility of Steam Injection in an Oil Production written by Bahaa Aldeen Alfkaiki and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of two parts: 1) A theoretical study of the application of steam injection for crude oil production has been made. The study consists of oil displacement mechanisms during steam injection, factors effecting oil recovery by steam injection, then an experimental studies and numerical models on steam injection were reviewed. 2) The practical side that represented by CMG program. This method has not applied in Iraq so that we use CMG program to simulate the injection of steam and we use the data of Buzurgan oil field because of their availability and this report treats the recovery of heavy oil by reducing the viscosity of it.
Book Synopsis An Improved Vapour Solvent Injection Technique for Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery by : Tao Jiang
Download or read book An Improved Vapour Solvent Injection Technique for Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery written by Tao Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Processing of Heavy Crude Oils by : Ramasamy Marappa Gounder
Download or read book Processing of Heavy Crude Oils written by Ramasamy Marappa Gounder and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental and Mathematical Studies of Cyclic Solvent Injection To Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery by : Zhongwei Du
Download or read book Experimental and Mathematical Studies of Cyclic Solvent Injection To Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery written by Zhongwei Du and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been suggested that Cyclic Solvent Injection (CSI) is a highly promising technique to recover heavy oil resources at which other recovery techniques are not economically or efficiently available. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experimental and mathematical studies on the CSI for effective heavy oil recovery purposes. Experimental and data regression studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of the wormhole on the CSI. Nine tests were completed using three sand-pack physical models with different dimensions. Experimental results suggest that the oil production can be divided into two phases: solvent chamber rising phase and solvent chamber spreading phase. The average production rate in the solvent chamber rising phase is proportional to the wormhole length, while the average production rate in the solvent chamber spreading phase does not change much with the wormhole length. In addition, a relation of the oil production rate to the drainage height is obtained by regression analysis and verified with a different experiment. It is suggested that for a rectangular model, the oil production rate in the chamber rising phase is proportional to h1.1667. Experimental study of effects of pressure decline rate on the CSI has been performed. Twelve tests with ten decline rates through linear and non-linear pressure-drawdown methods were conducted. Results of optimizing the pressure decline rate indicated that the pressure decline rate plays a primary role in the CSI by affecting solvent chamber growth, foamy oil flow performance in Phase 1, and pressure drop force in Phase 2. Different driving mechanisms in different phases lead to different optimum pressure decline rates. Comparison of two pressure-drawdown methods suggests that the main difference between the non-linear pressure-drawdown method and linear pressuredrawdown method is that the former cannot provide a continuous driving force for diluted oil as well as the latter. The effect of the intermittent driving force is much more significant in Phase 2. Therefore, production performance of tests of pressure-drawdown linearly was generally better than that of tests of pressure-drawdown non-linearly. A linear material balance equation of CSI has been proposed to obtain the recovery factor of diluted oil. It is successfully used to obtain the recovery factor of diluted oil of each cycle for a well-designed CSI test in a rectangular physical model (80×40×20 cm3). The relation of the solution-gas oil ratio and the diluted oil formation volume factor with pressure under non-equilibrium state are obtained through linear regression based the material balance equation. They are successfully verified through experimental data of a CSI test in a cylindrical model. Results indicate that the efficiency of oil dilution increases from 4.75% to 10.70% before the Cycle 10. Then it slightly varies from 10% to 16.25% till the Cycle 25. It is dramatically decreased 10.11% in the last five cycles. For first three cycles, the diluted oil recovery factor is up to 40% due to extended production time. Then it almost keeps around 32% till the Cycle 25. Three mixture solvent with the decline rate of 12.5 kPa/min ,5 kPa/min and 1 kPa/min have been conducted. Knowledge of production performance of mixture solvent CSI tests is obtained through the comparison of mixture solvent tests with different decline rate and the comparison between mixture and pure solvent tests. Pure solvent tests had larger recovery factor and average oil production per cycle than mixture solvent tests. The asphaltene precipitation and production time significantly impacted the recovery factor of diluted oil in mixture solvent tests.
Book Synopsis Hot Solvent Injection for Heavy-oil and Bitumen Recovery by : Varun Pathak
Download or read book Hot Solvent Injection for Heavy-oil and Bitumen Recovery written by Varun Pathak and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of the Effect of Composite Solvent and Asphaltenes Contents on Efficiency of Heavy Oil Recovery Processes at Injection of Light Hydrocarbons by : Dmitry N. Borisov
Download or read book Experimental Study of the Effect of Composite Solvent and Asphaltenes Contents on Efficiency of Heavy Oil Recovery Processes at Injection of Light Hydrocarbons written by Dmitry N. Borisov and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current state of research in the field of solvent injection techniques for increase of heavy oil production efficiency is discussed in the chapter. As a result of a series of experiments on the physical modeling of oil displacement processes in a porous medium in large-sized model, features of asphaltene precipitation and the formation of fixed residual oil upon injection of solvent based on light alkanes are revealed. The oil displacement by n-hexane was studied and the difference in the composition of residual oil in the zones of dispersion and diffusion has been shown. The influence of the composition of asphaltenes peculiarities on the dynamics of oil recovery and on the accumulated oil recovery during the injection of n-hexane, as well as the composition and quantity of asphaltenes precipitated in the porous medium, has been estimated. The effect of toluene and nonylphenol additives on the proportion of asphaltenes in the residual oil and cumulative oil recovery has been evaluated using the Ashalchinskoye field oil as an example of heavy oil in the physical modeling of injection of n-hexane as the base solvent.
Book Synopsis Mechanistic Simulation Study of Steam-solvent Coinjection for Bitumen and Heavy-oil Recovery by : Mohsen Keshavarz
Download or read book Mechanistic Simulation Study of Steam-solvent Coinjection for Bitumen and Heavy-oil Recovery written by Mohsen Keshavarz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solvent-steam coinjection has been proposed as an alternative to SAGD. Detailed oil recovery mechanisms of coinjection are little known due to complex interaction of phase behavior, and fluid and energy flow. This research conducts a detailed mechanistic study of phase behavior and its contribution to oil displacement efficiency and drainage rate near the chamber edge. Importance of properly considering both phase behavior and flow to design an optimized coinjection process is demonstrated. We propose a systematic procedure for optimum selection of solvent and its coinjection strategy. Results show that a proper design can significantly improve the oil production rate compared to steam-only injection. We also demonstrate how enhanced displacement efficiency can be achieved during a coinjection process.
Book Synopsis Upgrading Oilsands Bitumen and Heavy Oil by : Murray R. Gray
Download or read book Upgrading Oilsands Bitumen and Heavy Oil written by Murray R. Gray and published by University of Alberta. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The emphasis throughout is to link the fundamentals of the molecules through to the economic drivers for the industry, because this combination determines the technology used for processing."-From the Introduction The high demand for quality petroleum products necessitates ongoing innovation in the science and engineering underlying oilsands extraction and upgrading. Beginning with a thorough grounding in the composition, fluid properties, reaction behaviour, and economics of bitumen and heavy oil, Murray Gray then delves into current processing technologies, particularly those used at full commercial scale. The tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy oil fractions are extensive. Though the focus is on bitumen from Alberta's oilsands-the largest resource in the world-the science applies to upgrading of heavy oil and petroleum residue feeds worldwide. Upgrading Oilsands Bitumen and Heavy Oil lays out the current best practice for engineers and scientists in the oilsands and refining industries, government personnel, academics, and students.
Book Synopsis Optimal Solvent and Well Geometry for Production of Heavy Oil by Cyclic Solvent Injection by : Jin Xiu Qi
Download or read book Optimal Solvent and Well Geometry for Production of Heavy Oil by Cyclic Solvent Injection written by Jin Xiu Qi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biotechnological Methods for Upgrading of Bitumen, Heavy Oil and Residue by : Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology
Download or read book Biotechnological Methods for Upgrading of Bitumen, Heavy Oil and Residue written by Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cyclic Hot Solvent Injection Method to Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery Based on Experimental Study by : Kewei Zhang
Download or read book Cyclic Hot Solvent Injection Method to Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery Based on Experimental Study written by Kewei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the solvent-based heavy oil recovery methods, the cyclic solvent injection (CSI) method has been acknowledged as an effective method with high oil production rate. Oil recovery in pure solvent CSI study is as high as over 70%. However, injection pressure in the pure solvent CSI is limited by the low dew point pressure of hydrocarbon at laboratory ambient temperature condition. In the mixture gas CSI method, although the solvent dew point pressure can be raised at the ambient temperature condition, recovery factor of this method is much lower than that of pure solvent CSI method. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an alternative CSI method which takes advantage of both pure gas-based and mixture gas-based CSI methods. As raising the pure solvent injection temperature can increase the solvent dew point pressure, the idea of hot solvent CSI is experimentally tested in this study. This new type of CSI method is named the cyclic hot solvent injection method (CHSI). In the CHSI laboratory study, hot solvent can reach high initial reservoir pressure. The experimental system consists of a sand-pack model unit, injection unit, production unit and data acquisition unit. Three major topics have been studied concerning CHSI: the comparison between CHSI and the replaceable method of CHSI (the mixture gas CSI method), the comparison between CHSI and the "N-Solv" (hot vapor solvent extraction) method, and temperature sensitivity analysis in CHSI. Experimental results show that, for the first topic, oil recovery of CHSI method is much higher than it is in mixture gas CSI method; for the second topic, oil production performance of CHSI is compared with that II in N-Solv; for the third topic, three solvent injection temperature levels are compared with each other in order to study solvent temperature effect on the oil production performance. Experimental results show that the CHSI method is an effective heavy oil extraction method, because this method is superior to mixture gas CSI method and N-Solv method regarding oil recovery. Oil recovery of CHSI is hardly influenced by solvent injection temperature. However, solvent injection temperature positively affects oil production rate during early CSI production period.
