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Processing Relationships Between The Comprehension Of Syntax And Lexical Semantics In Adult Aphasia
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Book Synopsis Processing Relationships Between the Comprehension of Syntax and Lexical-semantics in Adult Aphasia by : Katharine H. Odell
Download or read book Processing Relationships Between the Comprehension of Syntax and Lexical-semantics in Adult Aphasia written by Katharine H. Odell and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Parameters Facilitating Lexical Processing and Syntactic Retrieval in Neurotypical Adults and Individuals with Aphasia by : Carolyn June Baker
Download or read book Parameters Facilitating Lexical Processing and Syntactic Retrieval in Neurotypical Adults and Individuals with Aphasia written by Carolyn June Baker and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aphasia is a language disorder that affects approximately 1 million US stroke survivors and results in impaired communication across modalities, often with detrimental effects on autonomy and quality of life. While the extent to which these domains are affected vary from person to person, a common symptom found in many individuals with aphasia is sentence comprehension impairment, which are most notable with complex (noncanonical) sentences that require establishing a long-distance relationship between non-adjacent sentence constituents. Of interest to the work presented here are the ways in which auditory sentence input is processed and interpreted. Evidence in the literature implicates lexical-level processing impairments, such as delayed and/or reduced activation of lexico-semantic information, as contributors to syntactic processing disruptions and sentence comprehension deficits. By limiting timely lexical activation during sentence processing, these impairments can also preclude successful lexical encoding and amplify the processing costs of similarity-based interference during syntactic retrieval (i.e., dependency linking). A series of studies are presented to explore three different approaches (processing time, attentional engagement, and semantic pre-activation) to facilitate lexical access and strengthen concomitant encoding of a target word in a sentence. The effects of these approaches on real-time lexical and syntactic processing during complex (object-relative) sentence processing was examined using eye-tracking-while-listening methodology in neurotypical college-age adults (YNC), older adults (age-matched controls, AMC) and individuals with aphasia (IWA). In each of these approaches, I ask whether enhancing the processing of a target lexical item during sentence processing will 1) facilitate its lexical access and encoding, 2) increase its availability for downstream syntactic retrieval operations, and 3) improve sentence comprehension. This novel area of exploration has the potential to improve our understanding of the interaction between lexical and syntactic levels within sentence processing and the cognitive and linguistic factors promoting lexical processing within a sentence context.
Book Synopsis A Usage-based Model of Aphasic Sentence Comprehension by : Susanne Gahl
Download or read book A Usage-based Model of Aphasic Sentence Comprehension written by Susanne Gahl and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mapping Out the Processing Continuum in Aphasia by : Suzanne Moineau
Download or read book Mapping Out the Processing Continuum in Aphasia written by Suzanne Moineau and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and practitioners alike have long been interested in the nature of linguistic breakdown in individuals with aphasia. Throughout history, the predominant approach to classifying features of this disorder has been one of discrete categorization in a number of domains of processing. There has been an abundance of empirical evidence, however, to support claims that behaviors are more adequately viewed as continuous, and that processing in one domain is correlated to processing in other domains within the linguistic structure. Nonetheless, we continue to discuss functions as being impaired or remaining intact after injury, as if these were discrete states. Moreover, we look for these patterns both within and across domains as a way to try to distinguish one group of aphasic individuals from another. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of lexical comprehension in individuals with aphasia. In particular, this work challenges claims that lexical function remains intact in certain populations of aphasics by examining lexical processing under degraded conditions. Two different types of exogenous stressors (low-pass filtering and time compression), and a combination of both were used in order to explore the differential impact on processing in the linguistic domain. These stressors, which are common conditions experienced in real world processing, and have also been claimed to mimic conditions often present in aging adults (hearing loss and cognitive slowing) are particularly interesting to explore in aphasic populations to get a better sense of what processing looks like under typical conditions. Additionally, this work aimed to explore the relationship between lexical and sentential processing in order to better understand the nature of breakdown across linguistic levels. The goal here was to investigate whether or not deficits are present in one domain with a sparing of functions in another. Results suggest that all aphasic individuals, irrespective of classification type, are vulnerable to breakdowns in lexical comprehension as compared to older adults when they are processing in less-than-optimal conditions. Furthermore, there was no evidence for a dissociation between levels of the linguistic system as performance at the lexical level was predictive of performance at the sentence level.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language written by Giovanna Zardini and published by John Libbey Eurotext. This book was released on 2006 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive monograph updates progress in understanding children's language learning and its pathologies. It stresses the neurologic basis of normal language acquisition and the consequences of a variety of disorders using such tools as detailed analysis of language comprehension, production and use, as well as functional brain imaging and electrophysiology. It also underlines the import6ance of subcortical circuitry and inner speech and reviews the unfolding or regression of language of language in focal brain lesions, autism, Williams syndrome and developmental disorders of oral and written language.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lexical-semantic Versus Syntactic Disorders in Aphasia by : Hans Bennis
Download or read book Lexical-semantic Versus Syntactic Disorders in Aphasia written by Hans Bennis and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Adult Language Disorders by : Argye E. Hillis
Download or read book The Handbook of Adult Language Disorders written by Argye E. Hillis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This distinctive handbook is a key reference for both clinicians and researchers working in the scientific investigation of aphasia. The focus is on how the study of acquired language disorders has contributed to our understanding of normal language and its neural substrates, and to the clinical management of language disorders. The handbook is unique in that it reviews studies from the major disciplines in which aphasia research is conducted - cognitive neuropsychology, linguistics, neurology, neuroimaging, and speech-language pathology - as they apply to each topic of language. For each language domain (such as reading), there is a chapter devoted to theory and models of the language task, a chapter devoted to the neural basis of the language task (focusing on recent neuroimaging studies) and a chapter devoted to clinical diagnosis and treatment of impairments in that domain.
Book Synopsis Are Input and Output Language Networks Linked? by : Alexandra Zezinka Durfee
Download or read book Are Input and Output Language Networks Linked? written by Alexandra Zezinka Durfee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language organization in the brain, specifically the relationship between input and output language processes, has been a topic of interest in psycho- and neurolinguistics for the past three decades. A paradigm that may prove to be useful for this continued investigation is the word-picture verification task (WPVT). The WPVT has been utilized with both typically aging adults and adults with aphasia, an acquired neurogenic language disorder. In the aphasia literature, WPVTs provide information on lexical-semantic processing and have been found to be more sensitive to auditory comprehension deficits compared to multiple choice tasks. To date, there is a dearth of information regarding the linguistic process(es) targeted by WPVTs and the extent to which the paradigm provides insight into lexical-phonological abilities. WPVTs may also serve a practical use. In speech-language pathology, a shift from the Wernicke-Lichtheim model to describing linguistic strengths and weaknesses is occurring. With this shift, more theoretically motivated assessments are needed to revise classification of language abilities for improved empirical study and therapy delivery. Aim: The current study aimed to elucidate the language processes engaged during WPVT completion and assess the efficacy of the paradigm as an aphasia language assessment. Method: Sixteen adults with chronic aphasia completed a battery of language assessments, including tasks that targeted phonological and semantic skills for comprehension and production. They also completed written and auditory WPVTs, wherein they responded via button press if the word and picture matched or did not match. This button press method eliminated the need for verbalized responses, which may be impacted by commonly co-occurring motor speech deficits. Results: WPVT accuracy was significantly positively correlated with measures of comprehension. Participants made more semantic errors across WPVTs compared to the number of semantic paraphasias produced on a confrontation naming task. More phonological paraphasias were produced during naming compared to phonological errors made on the aWPVT; however, there were no difference in rWPVT phonological errors and phonological paraphasias. WPVT performance was predictive of input semantic and phonological performance and of output semantic performance, as measured by standardized assessments. Language skills were predictive of picture naming and rWPVT accuracy, but motor speech impairment severity did not hold this predictive power. Discussion & Conclusion: Findings lend support for the WPVT as a measure of language comprehension, but the relationship between WPVT and language production remains unclear. One reason for the discrepant comprehension and production findings may be due to the underlying cognitive-linguistic process targeted (i.e., recognition versus recall memory). WPVTs appear superior in elucidating language skills in specific domains (i.e., comprehension, input/output semantic processing, input phonological processing) rather than measuring general language impairment. Against hypotheses, motor speech impairment was not predictive of confrontation naming performance, which was suspected to be influenced by the limited variability in severity of participants. Continued study of the WPVT is warranted to further understand the paradigm as a method of investigating language processing as well as a nonverbal language assessment tool for aphasia.
Book Synopsis Spoken Language Comprehension by : Lorraine Komisarjevsky Tyler
Download or read book Spoken Language Comprehension written by Lorraine Komisarjevsky Tyler and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spoken Language Comprehensionis the first coherent presentation of an original detailed experimental and theoretical account of what are rationally taken to be "online" processing deficits that lie at the core of aphasic miscomprehension. It presents exciting work that is highly relevant to the important current debate about the nature of aphasic comprehension impairment and its relationship to models of normal functioning. Lorraine K. Tyler focuses on a crucial but neglected aspect of language disorders: how the real-time analysis processes involved in comprehending spoken language break down in acquired aphasia. She describes a new approach to the study of language disorders that specifies the processes involved in the immediate construction of various types of linguistic representations. Her unique large-scale analysis makes possible the evaluation of various theoretical accounts of the underlying basis of different kinds of aphasic deficits. By developing a set of experimental tests designed to detect specific deficits in the principal categories of real-time comprehension, Tyler constructs a processing profile of ten patients that shows where each patient performs normally and where performance breaks down. This provides a detailed picture of a patient's ability to perform the appropriate analyses of speech input: breaking down the speech signal, recognizing words, making the appropriate form-function mapping, and constructing the appropriate types of higher-level representations (syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and prosodic). Data from standard tests of comprehension deficits are also included, which permits comparison of performance in various tasks and among patients to see where differences and similarities emerge. Lorraine Komisarjevsky Tyler is Professor of Psychology at the University of London.
Book Synopsis Connectionism, Language Production and Adult Aphasia by : Inga-Britt Persson
Download or read book Connectionism, Language Production and Adult Aphasia written by Inga-Britt Persson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Cognitive Neuropsychology by : Brenda Rapp
Download or read book Handbook of Cognitive Neuropsychology written by Brenda Rapp and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the full range of cognitive domains that have benefited from the study of deficits. Chapters covered include language, memory, object recognition, action, attention, consciousness and temporal cognition.
Book Synopsis More Than Words by : Michelle Lynn Ferrill
Download or read book More Than Words written by Michelle Lynn Ferrill and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though Broca's aphasia is traditionally defined as an expressive language impairment, listeners with Broca's aphasia (LWBA) typically evince sentence comprehension deficits as well. These comprehension deficits are characterized by difficulty understanding certain types of sentences that contain complex syntax. While some research proposes that the source of the comprehension disorder can be attributed to a syntactic processing delay, other research argues that syntactic processing impairments are secondary to primary lexical processing impairments. The Delayed Lexical Activation Hypothesis (DLA) suggests that a slowed lexical activation system results in lexical information "feeding" syntactic processing too slowly, leading to a mismatch between processing rate and what is required for fast-acting processing routines. A series of three studies with LWBA are presented to explore (a) if the DLA holds in the face of simple, canonically ordered sentences (Chapter 3), and (b) if lexical access delays can be mitigated through manipulations of speech input rate (Chapter 4) and/or cue based prediction (Chapter 5). Chapter 2 reviews current research with LWBA and details prior empirical evidence supporting the presence of a processing delay in both lexical and syntactic processing. Chapter 3 presents evidence of real-time lexical access during processing of syntactically simple sentences. Results showed LWBA demonstrated a pattern of protracted lexical access as compared to unimpaired controls. Chapter 4 explores if slowed input rate would combine with the purported slowed lexical activation to yield 'on-time' lexical access patterns. While a LWBA group effect of rate was not found, interesting patterns emerged when considering individual patterns of brain damage. It was found that the proportion of damage to a brain region of interest implicated in lexical, but not syntactic processing, significantly predicted the effect of rate of speech on the time-course of lexical access. Finally, Chapter 5 investigates if LWBA demonstrate predictive processing by showing 'on-time' access with contextual cues that unimpaired listeners have been shown to use - biased adjectives. LWBA were able to use semantic, not structural, cues to mitigate a lexical access delay. These results taken together support the DLA hypothesis; that a lexical access delay underlies the comprehension disorder in LWBA.
Book Synopsis International Encyclopedia of Linguistics by : William Frawley
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Linguistics written by William Frawley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-05 with total page 2198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2nd Edition encompasses the full range of the contemporary field of linguistics, including historical, comparative, formal, mathematical, functional, and philosophical linguistics with special attention given to interrelations within branches of linguistics and to relations of linguistics with other disciplines. Areas of intersection with the social and behavioral sciences--ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and behavioral linguistics--receive major coverage, along with interdisciplinary work in language and literature, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics, and applied linguistics.Longer entries in the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ranging up to four thousand words, survey the major fields of study--for example, anthropological linguistics, history of linguistics, semantics, and phonetics. Shorter entries treat specific topics within these fields, such as code switching, sound symbolism, and syntactic features. Other short entries define and discuss technical terms used within the various subfields or provide sketches of the careers of important scholars in the history of linguistics, such as Leonard Bloomfield, Roman Jakobson, and Edward Sapir.A major portion of the work is its extensive coverage of languages and language families. From those as familiar as English, Japanese, and the Romance languages to Hittite, Yoruba, and Nahuatl, all corners of the world receive treatment. Languages that are the subject of independent entries are analyzed in terms of their phonology, grammatical features, syntax, and writing systems. Lists attached to each article on a language group or family enumerate all languages, extinct or still spoken, within that group and provide detailed information on the number of known speakers, geographical range, and degree of intelligibility with other languages in the group. In this way, virtually every known language receives coverage.For ease of reference and to aid research, the articles are alphabetically arranged, each signed by the contributor, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, line drawings, maps, tables, and diagrams, and readily accessible via a system of cross-references and a detailed index and synoptic outline. Authoritative, comprehensive, and innovative, the 2nd edition of the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics will be an indispensable addition to personal, public, academic, and research libraries and will introduce a new generation of readers to the complexities and concerns of this field of study.
Book Synopsis Lexical, Pragmatic, and Prosodic Effects on Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Younger, Older, and Aphasic Adults by : Gayle Lucia Dede
Download or read book Lexical, Pragmatic, and Prosodic Effects on Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Younger, Older, and Aphasic Adults written by Gayle Lucia Dede and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Three self-paced listening experiments examined the role of verb bias, plausibility, and prosodic phrasing during auditory sentence comprehension. Experiment 1 studied younger, older, and aphasic adults' syntactic ambiguity resolution in early closure sentences (e.g., "While the parents watched, the child sang a song."). The stimuli contained transitively biased subordinate verbs paired with plausible direct objects or intransitively biased subordinate verbs paired with implausible direct objects. There were two prosodic conditions. In the cooperating prosodic condition, an intonational phrase boundary marked the clausal boundary following the subordinate verb. In the neutral prosodic condition, the clause boundary was unmarked. Experiment 2 investigated the role of verb bias in younger, older, and aphasic adults' processing of syntactically unambiguous transitive and intransitive sentences. Experiment 3 studied younger adults' syntactic ambiguity resolution in early closure sentences. The critical stimuli, which were pronounced with cooperating and neutral prosodic contours, varied verb transitivity bias but controlled plausibility. The subordinate verbs were transitively or intransitively biased, but were always followed by plausible direct objects. The results supported fully interactive models of sentence comprehension. For the younger adults, Experiments 1 and 3 demonstrated that lexical-pragmatic and prosodic cues interact during syntactic ambiguity resolution. Experiment 1 demonstrated that older adults were sensitive to the same cues as younger adults, but used the cues to minimize processing load associated with conflicting cues. Experiment 2 suggested that younger and older adults were sensitive to mismatches between verb bias and sentence structure in syntactically simple sentences. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that the aphasic group was sensitive to the lexical-pragmatic and prosodic cues, but did not use them as efficiently as the control group. In Experiment 2, the aphasic group showed sensitivity to verb mismatch in an off-line comprehension measure but not in on-line listening times. Analyses of subgroups of aphasic adults based on clinical classifications and specific symptoms revealed that the most coherent subgroups were identified on the basis of comprehension performance on Experiment 2. Overall, the aphasic group's data were consistent with slowed processing accounts of sentence comprehension impairments in aphasia.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Communication Disorders by : Amalia Bar-On
Download or read book Handbook of Communication Disorders written by Amalia Bar-On and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domain of Communication Disorders has grown exponentially in the last two decades and has come to encompass much more than audiology, speech impediments and early language impairment. The realization that most developmental and learning disorders are language-based or language-related has brought insights from theoretical and empirical linguistics and its clinical applications to the forefront of Communication Disorders science. The current handbook takes an integrated psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic, and sociolinguistic perspective on Communication Disorders by targeting the interface between language and cognition as the context for understanding disrupted abilities and behaviors and providing solutions for treatment and therapy. Researchers and practitioners will be able to find in this handbook state-of-the-art information on typical and atypical development of language and communication (dis)abilities across the human lifespan from infancy to the aging brain, covering all major clinical disorders and conditions in various social and communicative contexts, such as spoken and written language and discourse, literacy issues, bilingualism, and socio-economic status.
