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Problems In Value Theory
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Book Synopsis Problems in Value Theory by : Steven B. Cowan
Download or read book Problems in Value Theory written by Steven B. Cowan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems in Value Theory takes a pro and con approach to central topics in aesthetics, ethics and political theory. Each chapter begins with a question: What Makes Actions Right or Wrong? Does Morality Depend on God? Do We Need Government? Contemporary philosophers with opposing viewpoints are then paired together to argue their position and raise problems with conflicting standpoints. Alongside an up-to-date introduction to a core philosophical stance, each contributor provides a critical response to their opponent and clear explanation of their view. Discussion questions are included at the end of each chapter to guide further discussion. With chapters ranging from why the government should never wage war to what is art and does morality depend on God, this introduction covers questions lying at the heart of debates about what does and does not have value.
Book Synopsis The Problems of Value Theory by : Paul Kurtz
Download or read book The Problems of Value Theory written by Paul Kurtz and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory by : Iwao Hirose
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory written by Iwao Hirose and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value theory, or axiology, looks at what things are good or bad, how good or bad they are, and, most fundamentally, what it is for a thing to be good or bad. Questions about value and about what is valuable are important to moral philosophers, since most moral theories hold that we ought to promote the good (even if this is not the only thing we ought to do). This Handbook focuses on value theory as it pertains to ethics, broadly construed, and provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary debates pertaining not only to philosophy but also to other disciplines-most notably, political theory and economics. The Handbook's twenty-two newly commissioned chapters are divided into three parts. Part I: Foundations concerns fundamental and interrelated issues about the nature of value and distinctions between kinds of value. Part II: Structure concerns formal properties of value that bear on the possibilities of measuring and comparing value. Part III: Extensions, finally, considers specific topics, ranging from health to freedom, where questions of value figure prominently.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory by : Iwao Hirose
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory written by Iwao Hirose and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2015 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions about value are important in many contexts. Value theory, or axiology, studies which things are good or bad, how good or bad they are, and, most fundamentally, what it is for a thing to be good or bad. This handbook provides a comprehensive and state-of-art overview of the debate in value theory.
Book Synopsis Theory of Value Structure by : Erich H. Rast
Download or read book Theory of Value Structure written by Erich H. Rast and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-03-08 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of value structure concerns the meaning of “better than” and “good,” as well as the way in which values serve as a basis for rational decision making. Drawing methodologically from economics and theories of decision making, the aim of serious axiology in metaethics is to do justice to problems that have puzzled philosophers of value for centuries. Can value comparisons be cyclic? Are all values comparable with each other and can decision makers just add up different aspects of an evaluation to determine the best course of action? A Theory of Value Structure: From Values to Decisions starts with a thorough introduction to the modeling of “better than” comparisons from a normative perspective. In the philosophical part of the book, Erich H. Rast argues that aspects of “better than” comparisons can differ qualitatively so much that one aspect may outrank another. Consequently, the classical weighted sum aggregation model fails. Values cannot always be summed up and comparisons may be fundamentally noncompensatory, an indeterminacy that explains problems like the apparent nontransitivity of “better than” and hard cases in decision making. Using a lexicographic method of value comparisons, Rast develops a multidimensional theory of “better than” and shows how and to which extent it can be combined with standard methods of decision making under uncertainty by using rank-dependent utility theory.
Book Synopsis Vagaries of Value by : Nicholas Rescher
Download or read book Vagaries of Value written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pragmatism's founder, C. S. Peirce, initially envisioned philosophy as a means of rationally validating our beliefs and actions. Afterward, William James changed pragmatism into a way of undermining commitment to rational cogency. With the subsequent turn of various contemporary pragmatisms to relativism and subjectivism, such irrational tendencies have become still more prominent. Vagaries of Value aims to create a version of realistic and rationalistic pragmatism that is systemically viable and does justice to traditional pragmatism's salient insights. Nicholas Rescher strives to return pragmatism to its realistic and objectivistic roots in a detailed survey of issues across the whole board of philosophical thought, action, and evaluation. Rescher argues that the crisis of pragmatism created by today's subjective tendencies should be met by adopting not a revisionary, but a reconstructive understanding of pragmatism, keeping close to its Peircean roots. He argues that such a turning does not mitigate against the pragmatic program's practical orientation, but provides an opportunity for sharpening our understanding of how pragmatism can and should be developed.
Download or read book Public Value written by John Benington and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a concise and internationalized restatement of the public value approach, an assessment of its impact to date - in theory and practice - and of its particular relevance to the challenges of public management in a time of crisis and austerity.
Book Synopsis The Value of Humanity in Kant's Moral Theory by : Richard Dean
Download or read book The Value of Humanity in Kant's Moral Theory written by Richard Dean and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The humanity formulation of Kant's Categorical Imperative demands that we treat humanity as an end in itself. Because this principle resonates with currently influential ideals of human rights and dignity, contemporary readers often find it compelling, even if the rest of Kant's moral philosophy leaves them cold. Moreover, some prominent specialists in Kant's ethics recently have turned to the humanity formulation as the most theoretically central and promising principle of Kant'sethics. Nevertheless, despite the intuitive appeal and the increasingly recognized philosophical importance of the humanity formulation, it has received less attention than many other, less central, aspects of Kant's ethics. Richard Dean offers the most sustained and systematic examination of thehumanity formulation to date.Dean argues that the 'rational nature' that must be treated as an end in itself is not a minimally rational nature, consisting of the power to set ends or the unrealized capacity to act morally, but instead is the more properly rational nature possessed by someone who gives priority to moral principles over any contrary impulses. This non-standard reading of the humanity formulation provides a firm theoretical foundation for deriving plausible approaches to particular moral issues - and,contrary to first impressions, does not impose moralistic demands to pass judgment on others' character. Dean's reading also enables progress on problems of interest to Kant scholars, such as reconstructing Kant's argument for accepting the humanity formulation as a basic moral principle, and allows forincreased understanding of the relationship between Kant's ethics and supposedly Kantian ideas such as 'respect for autonomy'.
Book Synopsis A Theory of Value and Obligation by : Robin Attfield
Download or read book A Theory of Value and Obligation written by Robin Attfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1987 and re-issued in 2020 with a new Preface, this book presents and elaborates interrelated solutions to a number of problems in moral philosophy, from the location of intrinsic value and the nature of a worthwhile life, via the limits of obligation and the nature of justice, to the status of moral utterances. After developing a biocentric account of moral standing, the author locates worthwhile life in the development of the generic capacities of a creature, whether human or nonhuman, and presents an account of relative intrinsic value which later generates a theory of interspecific justice. This value-theory also informs a consequentialist understanding of obligation, of moral rightness and of supererogation. The understanding thus supplied is shown to cope with the problems of integrity, of justice and of the ‘Repugnant Conclusion’ in population ethics. A cognitivist account of ethical conclusions such as those so far reached is then defended against non-cognitivist and relativist objections and a far-reaching naturalist theory is defended, integrating earlier conclusions with an account of the logic of the fundamental ethical concepts. This wide-ranging volume which maps the whole area of morality is thoroughly argued with reference both to contemporary philosophical developments and to classical theories.
Book Synopsis The Problem of Value Pluralism by : George Crowder
Download or read book The Problem of Value Pluralism written by George Crowder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value pluralism is the idea, most prominently endorsed by Isaiah Berlin, that fundamental human values are universal, plural, conflicting, and incommensurable with one another. Incommensurability is the key component of pluralism, undermining familiar monist philosophies such as utilitarianism. But if values are incommensurable, how do we decide between them when they conflict? George Crowder assesses a range of responses to this problem proposed by Berlin and developed by his successors. Three broad approaches are especially important: universalism, contextualism, and conceptualism. Crowder argues that the conceptual approach is the most fruitful, yielding norms of value diversity, personal autonomy, and inclusive democracy. Historical context must also be taken into account. Together these approaches indicate a liberal politics of redistribution, multiculturalism, and constitutionalism, and a public policy in which basic values are carefully balanced. The Problem of Value Pluralism: Isaiah Berlin and Beyond is a uniquely comprehensive survey of the political theory of value pluralism and also an original contribution by a leading voice in the pluralist literature. Scholars and researchers interested in the work of Berlin, liberalism, value pluralism, and related ideas will find this a stimulating and valuable source.
Book Synopsis Human Sciences and the Problem of Values / Les Sciences Humaines et le Problème des Valeurs by : K. Kuypers
Download or read book Human Sciences and the Problem of Values / Les Sciences Humaines et le Problème des Valeurs written by K. Kuypers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: K. Kuypers: HUMAN SCIENCES AND THE PROBLEM OF VALUES 1 H. G. Gadamer: DAS ONTOLOGISCHE PROBLEM DES WERTES 17 Manfred Moritz: AXIOLOGY AND ANALYSIS 33 Ch. Perelman: LA JUSTIFICATION DES NORMES 47 Max Black: THE "FACTUAL" AND THE "NORMATIVE" 55 P. Lorenzen: ON JUSTIFYING NORMS 65 Richard McKeon: FACTS, VALUES AND ACTIONS 73 N. Rotenstreich: "FREEDOM FROM VALUES" EXAMINED 87 PREFACE In accordance with a suggestion made in the preceding assembly of the Institute in Helsinki (1970), as theme of the Entretiens in Amsterdam was chosen: Human sciences and the problem of values. As usual the organization of the Entretiens was committed to a local committee in close collaboration with the office of the Institute in Paris. The confer ence was held from 8 till II September 1971 in the so called Trippenhuis (house where lived the family Trip in the 17th and 18th century), seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and Letters. The sessions were attended by about 70 people, not only members but also some invited colleagues and assistants representing the philosophers in the Dutch universities. The papers were multiplied and distributed to the participants some time before the beginning of the conference. By so doing each speaker (rapporteur) could restrict himself to a short summary of the main points of his paper or a short comment as introduction, immediately followed by a general discussion.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Value Theory by : Nicholas Rescher
Download or read book Introduction to Value Theory written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1969 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Value Theory in Philosophy and Social Science (RLE Social Theory) by : James B. Wilbur
Download or read book Value Theory in Philosophy and Social Science (RLE Social Theory) written by James B. Wilbur and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-13 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The annual Conferences on Value Inquiry bring together philosophers, scientists and humanists to discuss the many facets of the problem of value in the experience of the individual and in contemporary society. One of the criteria in choosing papers for the Conference is the ability to stimulate discussion and clarification. The papers in the present volumes show deep concern with the problems and responsibilities in making choices of value.
Download or read book Value Theory written by Deshun Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-12 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humankind’s progress has always been driven by two momentums: the pursuit of truth and the creation of value. But our understanding of value, and our ability to reflect on its complexity, has long lagged behind our constant search for truth. This has, in turn limited our grasp of the essence of truth. This book takes philosophical contemplations on value to a new level, while also explicating some contemporary Chinese styles of philosophical thought. Over the past 25 years, this book has been having an increasing impact on Chinese readers and researchers, and it also provides a good platform for international dialogue on several key issues of philosophical studies.
Book Synopsis Morality Within the Limits of Reason by : Russell Hardin
Download or read book Morality Within the Limits of Reason written by Russell Hardin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative, lucidly written reconstruction of utilitarianism focuses on the practical constraints involved in ethical choice: information may be inadequate, and understanding of causes and effects may be limited. Good decision making may be especially constrained if other people are closely involved in determining an outcome. Hardin demonstrates that many of these structural issues can and should be distinguished from the thornier problems of utilitarian value theory, and he is able to show what kinds of moral conclusions we can reach within the limits of reason.
Book Synopsis Value Theory in Philosophy and Social Science (RLE Social Theory) by : James B. Wilbur
Download or read book Value Theory in Philosophy and Social Science (RLE Social Theory) written by James B. Wilbur and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-13 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The annual Conferences on Value Inquiry bring together philosophers, scientists and humanists to discuss the many facets of the problem of value in the experience of the individual and in contemporary society. One of the criteria in choosing papers for the Conference is the ability to stimulate discussion and clarification. The papers in the present volumes show deep concern with the problems and responsibilities in making choices of value.
Book Synopsis Value Theory and Economic Progress: The Institutional Economics of J. Fagg Foster by : Marc R. Tool
Download or read book Value Theory and Economic Progress: The Institutional Economics of J. Fagg Foster written by Marc R. Tool and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J. Fagg Foster (1907-1985) was one of the most significant creators of institutionalist economic theory in the twentieth century. He wrote and taught in the American intellectual tradition of Thorstein Weblen, John R. Commons, John Dewey and Clarence E. Ayres. This tradition shares purpose and philosophy with the European contributors, Gunnar Myrdal and K. William Kapp. Because little of Foster's scholarly work was formally published, professional knowledge of his extraordinary contribution is quite limited beyond the circle of his students and colleagues. Value Theory and Economic Progress attempts to correct that deficiency by providing an extended characterization of this missing and crucial component of the development of American heterodox economic thought. Its purpose is to demonstrate the timely relevance and significance of this model of inquiry in political economy. In addition, this volume explains that contemporary problem solving means changing `what is' into `what ought to be' through institutional adjustments; such a demonstration is at the heart of Foster's contribution to institutional thought.
