Precaution Versus Mercantilism

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Precaution Versus Mercantilism

Author : Woo Jin Choi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Precaution Versus Mercantilism by : Woo Jin Choi

Download or read book Precaution Versus Mercantilism written by Woo Jin Choi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We document a new international stylized fact describing the relationship between real exchange rates and external asset holdings. Economists have long argued that the real exchange rate is associated with the net international investment position, appreciating as external wealth increases. This mechanism has been seen as central for international payments equilibrium and relative price adjustments. However, we argue that the effect of external assets held by the public sector -- reserve accumulation -- on real exchange rates may be quite different from that of privately held external assets, and that capital controls are a critical factor behind this difference. For 1975-2007, controlling for GDP per capita and the terms of trade, we find that a one percentage point increase in external assets relative to GDP (net of reserves) is related to an 0.24 percent real exchange rate appreciation. On the contrary, a one percentage point increase in reserve accumulation relative to GDP has virtually no effect on the real exchange rate in financially open countries (low capital controls), and is related to a 1.65 percent real exchange rate depreciation in financially closed countries (high capital controls). Results are stronger in developing countries and in more recent periods. Gross rather than net positions matter and we present a new theoretical model to account for the stylized fact. The framework encompasses so-called precautionary and mercantilist motives for reserve accumulation, and also explains how the optimal capital account policy -- the mix of reserve accumulation and capital controls -- is determined. Further empirical support arises from evidence that reserve accumulation is associated with a trade surplus, along with higher GDP and TFP growth in countries with high capital controls, findings that are consistent with the mechanisms of our model.

Mercantilism

Author : Lars Magnusson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134907729
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Mercantilism by : Lars Magnusson

Download or read book Mercantilism written by Lars Magnusson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1994-07-07 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the Physiocrats and Adam Smith, mercantilism or 'the mercantile system' have been described as the opposite of classical political economy. This view is very much brought into question by the current book. It argues that the sharp distinction between mercantilism and 19th century laissez-faire economics has obscured the meaning, content

Precautionary Reserves

Author : Mr.Fabian Valencia
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451963505
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Precautionary Reserves by : Mr.Fabian Valencia

Download or read book Precautionary Reserves written by Mr.Fabian Valencia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using precautionary savings models we compute levels of optimal reserves for Bolivia. Because of Bolivia's reliance on commodity exports and little integration with capital markets, we focus on current account shocks as the key balance of payments risk. These models generate an optimal level of net foreign assets ranging from 29 to 37 percent of GDP. For comparison purposes, we contrasted these results with standard rule of thumb measures of reserve adequacy, which in the case of Bolivia resulted in substantially lower levels of adequate reserves. These differing results emphasize the need to appropriately account for country-specific risks in order to derive adequate measures of reserve buffers.

International Reserves

Author : Mr.Jaewoo Lee
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451862172
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis International Reserves by : Mr.Jaewoo Lee

Download or read book International Reserves written by Mr.Jaewoo Lee and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-10-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper compares the importance of precautionary and mercantilist motives in the hoarding of international reserves by developing countries. Overall, empirical results support precautionary motives; in particular, a more liberal capital account regime increases international reserves. Theoretically, large precautionary demand for international reserves arises as a self-insurance to avoid costly liquidation of long-term projects when the economy is susceptible to sudden stops. The welfare gain from the optimal management of international reserves is of a first-order magnitude, reducing the welfare cost of liquidity shocks from a first-order to a second-order magnitude.

The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. (Two volume set)

Author : Kenneth A. Reinert
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400830400
Total Pages : 1329 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. (Two volume set) by : Kenneth A. Reinert

Download or read book The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. (Two volume set) written by Kenneth A. Reinert and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 1329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential reference to all facets of the world economy Increasing economic globalization has made understanding the world economy more important than ever. From trade agreements to offshore outsourcing to foreign aid, this two-volume encyclopedia explains the key elements of the world economy and provides a first step to further research for students and scholars in public policy, international studies, business, and the broader social sciences, as well as for economic policy professionals. Written by an international team of contributors, this comprehensive reference includes more than 300 up-to-date entries covering a wide range of topics in international trade, finance, production, and economic development. These topics include concepts and principles, models and theory, institutions and agreements, policies and instruments, analysis and tools, and sectors and special issues. Each entry includes cross-references and a list of sources for further reading and research. Complete with an index and a table of contents that groups entries by topic, The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy is an essential resource for anyone who needs to better understand the global economy. More than 300 alphabetically arranged articles on topics in international trade, finance, production, and economic development International team of contributors Annotated list of further reading with each article Topical list of entries Full index and cross-references Entry categories and sample topics: Concepts and principles: globalization, anti-globalization, fair trade, foreign direct investment, international migration, economic development, multinational enterprises Models and theory: Heckscher-Ohlin model, internalization theory, New Trade Theory, North-South trade, Triffin dilemma Institutions and agreements: European Union, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, World Bank, Doha Round, international investment agreements Policies and instruments: dollar standard, international aid, sanctions, tariffs Analysis and tools: exchange rate forecasting, effective protection, monetary policy rules Sectors and special issues: child labor, corporate governance, the digital divide, health and globalization, illegal drugs trade, petroleum, steel

The Continental System

Author : Eli Filip Heckscher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Continental System by : Eli Filip Heckscher

Download or read book The Continental System written by Eli Filip Heckscher and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Shifting Motives

Author : Mr.Atish R. Ghosh
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1463934432
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (639 download)

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Book Synopsis Shifting Motives by : Mr.Atish R. Ghosh

Download or read book Shifting Motives written by Mr.Atish R. Ghosh and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why have emerging market economies (EMEs) been stockpiling international reserves? We find that motives have varied over time?vulnerability to current account shocks was relatively important in the 1980s but, as EMEs have become more financially integrated, factors related to the magnitude of potential capital outflows have gained in importance. Reserve accumulation as a by-product of undervalued currencies has also become more important since the Asian crisis. Correspondingly, using quantile regressions, we find that the reason for holding reserves varies according to the country's position in the global reserves distribution. High reserve holders, who tend to be more financially integrated, are motivated by insurance against capital account rather than current account shocks, and are more sensitive to the cost of holding reserves than are low-reserve holders. Currency undervaluation is a significant determinant across the reserves distribution, albeit for different reasons.

Handbook of Small States

Author : Lino Briguglio
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351181831
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Small States by : Lino Briguglio

Download or read book Handbook of Small States written by Lino Briguglio and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook covers a wide spectrum of issues relating to small states. Chapters in the volume have been grouped under the three main themes of economic, social and environmental issues. The economics sections include chapters dealing with trade, finance and regulatory frameworks, while the social theme covers health, migration, population ageing, as well as overall social wellbeing. The environmental theme examines matters such as measuring environmental performance, natural disasters, the ocean economy, and the validity of the Sustainable Development Goals. One major issue is the definition of small states. As this volume demonstrates, generally speaking, population is used to measure country size in the literature. However, it clearly emerges that there is no real consensus as to the population cut-off point that distinguishes small states from large ones. While the approaches taken by the authors vary, in all cases the chapters draw practical policy implications for small states. The book can therefore be considered as a wide-ranging depositary of information on small states with the aim of deriving policy prescriptions, and thus as an excellent resource for academics, students and policymakers.

Review of The Institutional View on The Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Review of The Institutional View on The Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book Review of The Institutional View on The Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institutional View (IV) on the Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows, adopted in 2012, provides the basis for consistent advice, and where relevant, assessments on policies related to capital flows. This paper reviews the IV, informed by advances in research, notably the work on an Integrated Policy Framework (IPF), the findings of the 2020 evaluation by the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) on IMF Advice on Capital Flows, and staff’s experience with the implementation of the IV. The core premises and objectives of the IV remain unchanged. The IV rests on the premises that capital flows are desirable as they can bring substantial benefits for countries, and that capital flow management measures (CFMs) can be useful in certain circumstances but should not substitute for warranted macroeconomic adjustment. With those premises in mind, the IV aims to help countries reap the benefits of capital flows, while managing the associated risks in a way that preserves macroeconomic and financial stability and does not generate significant negative outward spillovers.

Intelligent Systems, Business, and Innovation Research

Author : Rim El Khoury
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031368959
Total Pages : 950 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent Systems, Business, and Innovation Research by : Rim El Khoury

Download or read book Intelligent Systems, Business, and Innovation Research written by Rim El Khoury and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Estimated Policy Rules for Capital Controls

Author : Gurnain Kaur Pasricha
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513546104
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Estimated Policy Rules for Capital Controls by : Gurnain Kaur Pasricha

Download or read book Estimated Policy Rules for Capital Controls written by Gurnain Kaur Pasricha and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-06-05 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper borrows the tradition of estimating policy reaction functions from monetary policy literature to ask whether capital controls respond to macroprudential or mercantilist motivations. I explore this question using a novel, weekly dataset on capital control actions in 21 emerging economies from 2001 to 2015. I introduce a new proxy for mercantilist motivations: the weighted appreciation of an emerging-market currency against its top five trade competitors. This proxy Granger causes future net initiations of non-tariff barriers in most countries. Emerging markets systematically respond to both mercantilist and macroprudential motivations. Policymakers respond to trade competitiveness concerns by using both instruments—inflow tightening and outflow easing. They use only inflow tightening in response to macroprudential concerns. Policy is acyclical to foreign debt; however, high levels of this debt reduces countercyclicality to mercantilist concerns. Higher exchange rate pass-through to export prices, and having an inflation targeting regime with non-freely floating exchange rates, increase responsiveness to mercantilist concerns.

The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349588024
Total Pages : 7493 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics by :

Download or read book The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-18 with total page 7493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The award-winning The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edition is now available as a dynamic online resource. Consisting of over 1,900 articles written by leading figures in the field including Nobel prize winners, this is the definitive scholarly reference work for a new generation of economists. Regularly updated! This product is a subscription based product.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

Author : John Maynard Keynes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by : John Maynard Keynes

Download or read book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money written by John Maynard Keynes and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Risk Assessment and Financial Regulation in Emerging Markets' Banking

Author : Alexander M. Karminsky
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030697487
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk Assessment and Financial Regulation in Emerging Markets' Banking by : Alexander M. Karminsky

Download or read book Risk Assessment and Financial Regulation in Emerging Markets' Banking written by Alexander M. Karminsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes various approaches in modelling financial risks and compiling ratings. Focusing on emerging markets, it illustrates how risk assessment is performed and analyses the use of machine learning methods for financial risk assessment and measurement. It not only offers readers insights into the differences between emerging and developed markets, but also helps them understand the development of risk management approaches for banks. Highlighting current problems connected with the evaluation and modelling of financial risks in the banking sector of emerging markets, the book presents the methodologies applied to credit and market financial risks and integrated and payment risks, and discusses the outcomes. In addition it explores the systemic risks and innovations in banking and risk management by analyzing the features of risk measurement in emerging countries. Lastly, it demonstrates the aggregation of approaches to financial risk for emerging financial markets, comparing the experiences of various countries, including Russia, Belarus, China and Brazil.

Optimal Precautionary Reserves for Low-Income Countries

Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1463923287
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (639 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal Precautionary Reserves for Low-Income Countries by : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris

Download or read book Optimal Precautionary Reserves for Low-Income Countries written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a cost-benefit approach that helps to quantify the optimal level of international reserves in low-income countries, focusing on the role of reserves in preventing and mitigating absorption drops triggered by large external shocks. The approach is applied to a sample of 49 LICs over the period 1980-2008 to yield estimates of the likelihood and severity of a crisis. The calibration results suggest that the standard metric of three months of imports is inadequate for countries with fixed exchange rate regimes. The results also highlight the role of overall policy frameworks and availability of Fund-support in determining optimal reserve levels, raising questions about the uniform applicability of standard rules of thumb across countries.

Alexander Hamilton's Famous Report on Manufactures

Author : United States. Department of the Treasury
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Alexander Hamilton's Famous Report on Manufactures by : United States. Department of the Treasury

Download or read book Alexander Hamilton's Famous Report on Manufactures written by United States. Department of the Treasury and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Precautionary Demand for Foreign Assets in Sudden Stop Economies

Author : Ceyhun Bora Durdu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Precautionary Demand for Foreign Assets in Sudden Stop Economies by : Ceyhun Bora Durdu

Download or read book Precautionary Demand for Foreign Assets in Sudden Stop Economies written by Ceyhun Bora Durdu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Financial globalization had a rocky start in emerging economies hit by Sudden Stops. Foreign reserves have grown very rapidly since then, as if those countries were practicing a New Mercantilism that views foreign reserves as a war-chest for defense against Sudden Stops. This paper conducts a quantitative assessment of this argument using a stochastic intertemporal equilibrium framework in which precautionary foreign asset demand is driven by output variability, financial globalization, and Sudden Stop risk. In this framework, credit constraints produce endogenous Sudden Stops. We find that financial globalization and Sudden Stop risk can explain the surge in reserves but output variability cannot. These results hold using the intertemporal preferences of the Bewley-Aiyagari-Hugget precautionary savings model or the Uzawa-Epstein setup with endogenous impatience"--Federal Reserve Board web site.