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Power Asymmetry Interstate Cooperation And Riparian Conflicts
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Book Synopsis Power Asymmetry, Interstate Cooperation, and Riparian Conflicts by : Eliza Sheff
Download or read book Power Asymmetry, Interstate Cooperation, and Riparian Conflicts written by Eliza Sheff and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As conflicts over water increase due to water scarcity, it becomes increasingly important to understand how riparian conflicts can be resolved. This investigation analyzes the difficult, but successful case of water sharing between the United States (U.S.) and Mexico, with an emphasis on the 1944 Water Treaty. The literature on riparian conflicts indicates that these conflicts are solved more often than they devolve into violence, but that there are many factors that make them difficult to resolve. To understand why the U.S. and Mexico were able to cooperate and negotiate a resolution to the conflict, this investigation develops three analytical lenses informed by contemporary debates in the field of international relations. It finds that the realist lens, while depicting U.S.-Mexican relations from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s, cannot explain why these countries agreed to cooperate. The liberal lens' emphasis on multilevel politics suggests that domestic politics, especially in the U.S., were instrumental in both countries' search for a negotiated solution. This lens also shows that Mexico's use of an issue-linkage strategy was a key factor in the bargaining process that led to the 1944 Water Treaty. The neoliberal lens shows that bilateral commissions can help to build trust between neighbors that share transboundary rivers and establish processes that help the parties address issues that may sour relations over these waterways.
Book Synopsis The Definition of the Situation and Negotiations Over Freshwater Conflicts in the Middle East by : Matthew Isaac Weiss
Download or read book The Definition of the Situation and Negotiations Over Freshwater Conflicts in the Middle East written by Matthew Isaac Weiss and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation sheds light on the conditions that influence cooperation and conflict among states dependent on the same river basin to meet their fundamental consumption and economic development needs. To account for the prospects of cooperation or conflict, I systematically test the relative impact of trust against a realist/materialist model that emphasizes the impact of the relative military capabilities of two states who occupy the same river basin. To arrive at a more fine-grained understanding of the relationship between trust and the evolution of interstate cooperation over shared water resources, I disaggregate trust into two dimensions, each of which has different implications for negotiating processes and for the depth and quality of cooperation attained. The first dimension - i.e., 'contingent trust' - measures reliability, or the expectation that another party will honor specific agreements. The second and more profound conception of trust, which I term 'general trust', is far less contingent on perceived adherence to specific agreements, and rests instead on an overall evaluation of the intentions and character of others. Possession of this deeper level of trust induces states to adopt greater levels of cooperation than is the case when they merely trust each other in the narrower, 'contingent' sense. I also contend that the presence of deeper levels of trust, especially of the 'general' variety, is conducive to forms of bargaining over cross-border river basins that place a premium on expanding the size of the overall resource 'pie' and creating a high level of joint benefit. In contrast, the relative absence of trust or the presence of contingent trust alone tends to reduce negotiations to competitive exercises whereby each party maneuvers to maximize its share of a coveted water resource at the expense of the other. To gauge the presence or absence of trust, I analyze the statements of key national decision-makers responsible for formulating policy regarding arrangements for managing or sharing water resources with neighboring states located within the same river basin. In my empirical analysis of relations between Israel and Jordan over the water resources of the Jordan and Yarmouk River basins, I find that deepening levels of trust in the early 1990s among the two states' leaders tracked with a significant expansion of bilateral cooperation over shared water resources. Also, the development of 'general trust' set the stage for the adoption of an integrative, 'win-win' bargaining approach, with the two states giving equal weight in negotiations both to allocating existing sources of water, as well as expanding and diversifying available water supplies for their mutual benefit over the long run. I also analyze the evolution of relations between Turkey and Syria over the water resources of the Euphrates and Tigris River basins. In this section, I conclude that the materialist framework is ill-equipped to explain how cooperation that harmonized the interests of both states was attained despite the substantial disparity in power between them. Far from mirroring the asymmetrical distribution of power, the cooperation forged between Turkey and Syria since 1998 satisfies a wide range of fundamental water-related needs for both states. The evidence shows that even when a vastly more powerful upstream riparian state, such as Turkey, is capable of securing its water-related interests virtually unilaterally, the development of trust will lead to the realization that greater benefit can be derived from robust and balanced cooperation with its weaker downstream counterpart. Few studies addressing cooperation and conflict over interstate freshwater supplies have systematically investigated how these relations are conditioned by ideational and perceptual variables such as trust. My research aims to fill this gap by examining the neglected relationship between the development of trust, bargaining processes, and negotiating outcomes among states locked in competitive relationships over international river basins. The propositions I test concerning the relationship between different degrees of trust and interstate conflict bargaining processes and outcomes over international freshwater resources provide the foundations of a general theory of conflict management and conflict resolution that can be applied to relations over other natural resources.
Book Synopsis Theorizing Transboundary Waters in International Relations by : Kinga Szálkai
Download or read book Theorizing Transboundary Waters in International Relations written by Kinga Szálkai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-13 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first collection of state-of-the-art research projects analyzing water conflict and cooperation with an explicitly theoretical point of view. Its fourteen chapters offer a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on how the application of various theoretical perspectives can support the work of scholars and practitioners in mitigating water conflict and developing cooperation. The volume starts out from a literature review on the theorization of transboundary waters in International Relations, which prepares the ground for the demonstration of the latest approaches of scholars currently working on this field. The discussion of their findings is divided into four main sections. The first section deals with reflections and critiques on the grand theories of International Relations, proposing new and more nuanced frameworks for understanding and managing transboundary water relations by going beyond the traditional assumptions. The second section focuses on the catalysts and barriers of cooperation, applying theoretical frameworks which reveal the consequences of the dynamics in power relations and institutional frameworks. The third section investigates into the perspectives at the intersections of theory and practice related to the most practical field within the scope of the volume: water diplomacy. The fourth section introduces new perspectives to provide specific entry points for understanding and managing water conflict and cooperation. Overall, the work intends to demonstrate that the theorization of transboundary waters can significantly contribute to the deeper understanding and the more efficient management of water conflicts and cooperation from several aspects. The authors come from diverse backgrounds, and their individual careers are often related to the intersections of theory and practice in the field of transboundary water management. Their expertise covers water issues from all around the globe, which is reflected in the range of the analyzed case studies. The diversity of the experts involved, their backgrounds, their perspectives, the applied theories, and the analyzed cases was an important priority for the editors.
Book Synopsis River Basin Management by : José Simão Antunes Do Carmo
Download or read book River Basin Management written by José Simão Antunes Do Carmo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses recent advances in the field of river systems. Chapters cover a wide range of topics including artificialization of rivers and banks, technical aspects of flood and sediment dynamics, physical processes and institutional vulnerabilities, watershed management and collaborative governance, water quality analysis and protection measures, acquisition and measurement of data, statistical and econometric procedures, adaptation and restoration measures, rehabilitation and sustainability of riparian ecosystems, and strategies to improve the ecological functions of riparian areas. All chapters contribute relevant information and useful content for scientists and other readers interested or concerned about the lack of adequate management actions and implementation of appropriate measures and protections, or their ineffectiveness in containing vulnerabilities and ecological sustainability of river systems.
Book Synopsis Inclusive Development and Multilevel Transboundary Water Governance - The Kabul River by : Shakeel Hayat
Download or read book Inclusive Development and Multilevel Transboundary Water Governance - The Kabul River written by Shakeel Hayat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four decades long ideological-based insurgencies and conflict in the Kabul River Basin (KRB) have seriously hampered the relations and foreign policies of both Afghanistan and Pakistan. Consequently, it restricts them to solve various bilateral issues including transboundary waters. This lack of cooperation over shared water resources is one of the barriers to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. Additionally, it has contributed to the prevailing anarchic situation where each country does what it wants. The absence of a formal water-sharing mechanism coupled with poor water management practices within both the riparian counties are resulting various flow and administration-related challenges. Moreover, these challenges are further exacerbated by regional changes in social, political, environmental and economic systems. The scholarly literature suggests that an analytical transboundary water governance framework is essential to address the challenges of water politicisation and securitisation, quality degradation and quantity reduction. Additionally, the literature rarely integrates (a) a multi-level approach, (b) an institutional approach (c) an inclusive development approach, or (d) accounts for the uses of different types of water and their varied ecosystem services for improved transboundary water governance. To enhance human wellbeing and achieve inclusive and sustainable development in the KRB this research indicates that it is essential to: (1) defrost frozen collaboration; (2) bypass border dispute; (3) use biodiversity and ecosystem services approach; (4) address existing and potential natural and anthropogenic challenges; (5) remove contradictions in the policy environment; (6) combat resource limits and dependence by promoting collaboration on long-term cost effective solutions; and (7) enhance knowledge and dialogue on inclusive development.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Water Politics and Policy by : Ken Conca
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Water Politics and Policy written by Ken Conca and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs.
Book Synopsis International Conflict over Water Resources in Himalayan Asia by : R. Wirsing
Download or read book International Conflict over Water Resources in Himalayan Asia written by R. Wirsing and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors explore the fresh water crisis of Himalayan Asia. While the region hosts some of the world's mightiest rivers, it is also home to rapidly modernizing, increasingly affluent, and demographically multiplying societies, ensuring the rapid depletion of water resources and of disputes over ownership of transboundary waters.
Book Synopsis Conflict and the Environment by : N.P. Gleditsch
Download or read book Conflict and the Environment written by N.P. Gleditsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nils Petter Gleditsch International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) & Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trond heim This book could hardly have happened but for the end of the Cold War. The decline of the East-West conflict has opened up the arena for increased attention to other lines of conflict, in Europe and at the global level. Environmental disruption, not a new phenomenon by any means, is a chief beneficiary of the shift in priorities in the public debate. The Scientific and Environmental Affairs Divi sion of NATO has moved with the times and has defined environmental security as one of its priority areas for cooperation with Central and Eastern Europe and countries of the former Soviet Union. This book is the main output of an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW), held in Bolkesjl/l, Norway, 12-16 June 1996. I would like to acknowledge the personal support of L. Veiga da Cunha, Director of the Priority Area on Environmental Security. Research on these issues is now very much a collaborative effort across former lines of division in Europe. NATO encourages, indeed requires, that this be reflected in the composition of the participants, as well as the organizing committee. This meeting was organized by a group of five people from five different countries: Lothar Brock (Germany), Nils Petter Gleditsch (Norway), Thomas Homer-Dixon (Canada), Renat Perelet (Co-Director, Russia), and Evan Vlachos (USA).
Book Synopsis Subnational Hydropolitics by : Scott Moore
Download or read book Subnational Hydropolitics written by Scott Moore and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's often claimed that future wars will be fought over water. But while international water conflict is rare, it's common between subnational jurisdictions like states and provinces. Drawing on cases in the United States, China, India, and France, this book explains why these subnational water conflicts occur - and how they can be prevented.
Book Synopsis Elgar Encyclopedia of Water Policy, Economics and Management by : Phoebe Koundouri
Download or read book Elgar Encyclopedia of Water Policy, Economics and Management written by Phoebe Koundouri and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-01-18 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative Encyclopedia provides an innovative approach to theory, reviews, applications and examples relevant to the basic concepts of water science and water management issues in order to facilitate better interdisciplinary cooperation.
Book Synopsis Transboundary Water Politics in the Developing World by : Naho Mirumachi
Download or read book Transboundary Water Politics in the Developing World written by Naho Mirumachi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the political economy that governs the management of international transboundary river basins in the developing world. These shared rivers are the setting for irrigation, hydropower and flood management projects as well as water transfer schemes. Often, these projects attempt to engineer the river basin with deep political, socio-economic and environmental implications. The politics of transboundary river basin management sheds light on the challenges concerning sustainable development, water allocation and utilization between sovereign states. Advancing conceptual thinking beyond simplistic analyses of river basins in conflict or cooperation, the author proposes a new analytical framework. The Transboundary Waters Interaction NexuS (TWINS) examines the coexistence of conflict and cooperation in riparian interaction. This framework highlights the importance of power relations between basin states that determine negotiation processes and institutions of water resources management. The analysis illustrates the way river basin management is framed by powerful elite decision-makers, combined with geopolitical factors and geographical imaginations. In addition, the book explains how national development strategies and water resources demands have a significant role in shaping the intensities of conflict and cooperation at the international level. The book draws on detailed case studies from the Ganges River basin in South Asia, the Orange–Senqu River basin in Southern Africa and the Mekong River basin in Southeast Asia, providing key insights on equity and power asymmetry applicable to other basins in the developing world.
Book Synopsis River Basins and International Relations by : Christian Ploberger
Download or read book River Basins and International Relations written by Christian Ploberger and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-08 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that river basins represent a particular structural setting in international relations with the potential for generating a dynamic of cooperation among the involved countries. The volume applies the concept of regional cooperation to international river basins to highlight their relevance as a particular space in international relations, emphasizing both the inter-connectivity and transnationalism of international river basins. It addresses the challenges related to resource distribution between up- and down-stream countries, showcasing a variety of examples of cooperation and conflictual relations within various international river basins. Case studies are drawn from across the globe and include the Mekong, the Indus, the Euphrates-Tigris and the Danube international river basins. Each chapter outlines the different aspects which support or undermine cooperation in each case, taking into consideration key areas surrounding resource sharing, national development, environmental considerations and national security. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars with an interest in international river basins, regional cooperation, water resource competition, international relations and environmental politics.
Book Synopsis European Water Law and Hydropolitics by : Gábor Baranyai
Download or read book European Water Law and Hydropolitics written by Gábor Baranyai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-14 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive assessment of the various issues faced by countries in the European Union, where progressing climate change and urbanization pose significant cooperative challenges in a large number of river basins. Conducting a thorough analysis of the intricate web of EU water governance, it reveals that the hydropolitical stability of the European Union is already at risk. Further, given the structural nature of the shortcomings in EU water policy—e.g. the rigidity of the EU’s founding treaties or the institutional complacency of the European Commission—the book argues that these risks are likely to turn into sources of prolonged conflict, unless EU decision-making bodies take steps to address the new hydrological realities early on.
Book Synopsis Water, Peace, and War by : Brahma Chellaney
Download or read book Water, Peace, and War written by Brahma Chellaney and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering and authoritative study considers the profound impact of the growing global water crunch on international peace and security as well as possible ways to mitigate the crisis. Although water is essential to sustaining life and livelihoods, geostrategist Brahma Chellaney argues that it remains the world's most underappreciated and undervalued resource. One sobering fact is that the retail price of bottled water is already higher than the international spot price of crude oil. But unlike oil, water has no substitute, raising the specter of water becoming the next flashpoint for conflict. Water war as a concept may not mesh with the conventional construct of warfare, especially for those who plan with tanks, combat planes, and attack submarines as weapons. Yet armies don't necessarily have to march to battle to seize or defend water resources. Water wars--in a political, diplomatic, or economic sense--are already being waged between riparian neighbors in many parts of the world, fueling cycles of bitter recrimination, exacerbating water challenges, and fostering mistrust that impedes broader regional cooperation and integration. The danger is that these water wars could escalate to armed conflict or further limit already stretched food and energy production. Writing in a direct, nontechnical, and engaging style, Brahma Chellaney draws on a wide range of research from scientific and policy fields to examine the different global linkages between water and peace. Offering a holistic picture and integrated solutions, his book promises to become the recognized authority on the most precious natural resource of this century and how we can secure humankind's water future.
Book Synopsis The UN Watercourses Convention in Force by : Flavia Rocha Loures
Download or read book The UN Watercourses Convention in Force written by Flavia Rocha Loures and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the UN General Assembly in 1997, an overwhelming majority of States voted for the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses – a global overarching framework governing the rights and duties of States sharing freshwater systems. Globally, there are 263 internationally shared watersheds, which drain the territories of 145 countries and represent more than forty percent of the Earth's land surface. Hence, inter-State cooperation towards the sustainable management of transboundary water supplies, in accordance with applicable international legal instruments, is a topic of crucial importance, especially in the context of the current global water crisis. This volume provides an assessment of the role and relevance of the UN Watercourses Convention and describes and evaluates its entry into force as a key component of transboundary water governance. To date, the Convention still requires further contracting States before it can enter into force. The authors describe the drafting and negotiation of the Convention and its relationship to other multilateral environmental agreements. A series of case studies assess the role of the Convention at various levels: regional (European Union, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, Central America and South America), river basin (e.g. the Mekong and Congo) and national (e.g. Ethiopia and Mexico). The book concludes by proposing how future implementation might further strengthen international cooperation in the management of water resources, to promote biodiversity conservation as well as sustainable and equitable use.
Book Synopsis Managing Water Resources in Large River Basins by : William Young
Download or read book Managing Water Resources in Large River Basins written by William Young and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management of water resources in large rivers basins typically differs in important ways from management in smaller basins. While in smaller basins the focus of water resources management may be on project implementation, irrigation and drainage management, water use efficiency and flood operations; in larger basins, because of the greater complexity and competing interests, there is often a greater need for long-term strategic river basin planning across sectors and jurisdictions, and considering social, environmental, and economic outcomes. This puts a focus on sustainable development, including consumptive water use and non-consumptive water uses, such as inland navigation and hydropower. It also requires the consideration of hard or technical issues—data, modeling, infrastructure—as well as soft issues of governance, including legal frameworks, policies, institutions, and political economy. Rapidly evolving technologies could play a significant role in managing large basins. This Special Issue of Water traverses these hard and soft aspects of managing water resources in large river basins through a series of diverse case studies from across the globe that demonstrate recent advances in both technical and governance innovations in river basin management.
Book Synopsis Responding to Environmental Conflicts: Implications for Theory and Practice by : Eileen Petzold-Bradley
Download or read book Responding to Environmental Conflicts: Implications for Theory and Practice written by Eileen Petzold-Bradley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive tour d'horizon of the debate on the environment and security, focusing on the various policy options for building peace and preventing environmental conflict. Experts from the areas survey the key environmental challenges in Eastern and Central European states and those of the former Soviet Union, extending the debate to such regions as the Balkans, the Black Sea and Central Europe. This is the first time such extensive case study research has been reported for these regions. Both practical and theoretical approaches to the debate are presented, within a multi-disciplinary framework, the contributors ranging from academic experts involved with peace and conflict research to actual policy makers active in the fields of environmental and security policy. Readership: Experts already working in the relevant disciplines, both academic and governmental, as well as those seeking an introduction to the various policy fields. A graduate-level study text, excellent survey for policy makers and an academic contribution to ongoing studies.
