Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Portrait Of Lozana The Lusty Andalusian Woman full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Portrait Of Lozana The Lusty Andalusian Woman ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Francisco Delicado
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Portrait of Lozana written by Francisco Delicado and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Don Beecher
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 144269954X
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)
Download or read book The Pleasant Nights - Volume 2 written by Don Beecher and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned today for his contribution to the rise of the modern European fairy tale, Giovan Francesco Straparola (c. 1480–c. 1557) is particularly known for his dazzling anthology The Pleasant Nights. Originally published in Venice in 1550 and 1553, this collection features seventy-three folk stories, fables, jests, and pseudo-histories, including nine tales we might now designate for ‘mature readers’ and seventeen proto-fairy tales. Nearly all of these stories, including classics such as ‘Puss in Boots,’ made their first ever appearance in this collection; together, the tales comprise one of the most varied and engaging Renaissance miscellanies ever produced. Its appeal sustained it through twenty-six editions in the first sixty years. This full critical edition of The Pleasant Nights presents these stories in English for the first time in over a century. The text takes its inspiration from the celebrated Waters translation, which is entirely revised here to render it both more faithful to the original and more sparkishly idiomatic than ever before. The stories are accompanied by a rich sampling of illustrations, including originals from nineteenth-century English and French versions of the text. As a comprehensive critical and historical edition, these volumes contain far more information on the stories than can be found in any existing studies, literary histories, or Italian editions of the work. Donald Beecher provides a lengthy introduction discussing Straparola as an author, the nature of fairy tales and their passage through oral culture, and how this phenomenon provides a new reservoir of stories for literary adaptation. Moreover, the stories all feature extensive commentaries analysing not only their themes but also their fascinating provenances, drawing on thousands of analogue tales going back to ancient Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic stories. Immensely entertaining and readable, The Pleasant Nights will appeal to anyone interested in fairy tales, ancient stories, and folk creations. Such readers will also enjoy Beecher’s academically solid and erudite commentaries, which unfold in a manner as light and amusing as the stories themselves.
Author : Folke Gernert
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110628783
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Fictionalizing heterodoxy written by Folke Gernert and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The information overload produced by the printing press and the new forms of the structuring of knowledge are echoed in fictional works. The essays assembled in this book study the textualization of problematic forms of knowledge in medieval and early modern Spanish literature. Literary Works like the Libro buen amor, La Lozana Andaluza, or the Guzmán de Alfarache are read against the backdrop of scientific developments of their times.
Author : Natalie Zemon Davis
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 0809094347
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Trickster Travels written by Natalie Zemon Davis and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2006 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The man whom historians know as Leo Africanus, author of the first geography of Africa, was born al-Hasan al-Wazzan to a Muslim family that in 1492 moved from Granada to Morocco. In this new book, the historian Natalie Zemon Davis offers a study of the fragmentary, partial, and often contradictory traces that this celebrated figure left behind him, and a superb interpretation of his extraordinary life and work." "As a young man, al-Hasan traveled extensively on behalf of the sultan of Fez, until he was captured in 1518 by Christian pirates in the Mediterranean and imprisoned by Pope Leo X, then released when he converted to Christianity. For the next decade he lived in Italy as the Christian scholar Giovanni Leone; it was then that he wrote his famous Descriptions of Africa. After the sack of Rome in 1527, it is likely that he returned to North Africa. Davis describes each sector of this dramatic life in rich detail, scrutinizing the evidence of al-Hasan's movement between cultural worlds, the Islamic and Arab traditions and ideas available to him, and his adventures with Christians and Jews in a European community of learned men and powerful church leaders." "Drawing on all his manuscripts - including ones previously unknown - Davis explores the places and people al-Hasan encountered and the books that shaped his work. We see him studying law and theology in a Fez madrasa; talking with nomads and merchants; reciting poetry; teaching Arabic to a cardinal in Rome; creating an Arabic-Hebrew-Latin dictionary with a scholarly Jew in Bologna. And we see him emerge as an author, using Arabic genres but writing in Italian and Latin for European readers." "Davis's work suggests that the experiences and writings of this adventurous border-crosser bear witness to the possibilities for connection, exchange, and even intimacy among peoples living in a divided world, and to the many ways that they negotiate cultural barriers and fuse divergent traditions."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Babur
Publisher : Everyman's Library
ISBN 13 : 1101908238
Total Pages : 1034 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)
Download or read book The Babur Nama written by Babur and published by Everyman's Library. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “If you only read one autobiography from a sensitive 16th-century warlord this year, make it this one.” —The New York Times A hardcover edition of the colorful memoirs of Babur—founder and first emperor of the Mughal dynasty—that is "justly considered a masterpiece" (The Wall Street Journal). Zahiru’d-din Muhamad Babur (1483–1530), a poet-prince from Central Asia, was the author of one of the most remarkable autobiographies in world literature. The Babur Nama reveals him as not only a military genius but also a ruler unusually magnanimous for his time, cultured, witty, and possessing a talent for poetry, an adventurous spirit, and an acute eye for natural beauty. Babur ascended the throne of Fergana, in what is now Uzbekistan, when he was twelve years old. He eventually invaded India and founded the Mughal dynasty, which would dazzle the world for three centuries. Babur left behind a detailed and colorful record of his life, written in simple and unpretentious prose, that has fascinated readers for hundreds of years. But his self-portrait goes beyond the events of a dramatic life; on the page, his restless energy and ambition are balanced by modesty, regret for his failures, and frankness about his experiences with depression and grief in response to tragedy. The Babur Nama is both a lively chronicle of extraordinary historical events and a deeply personal memoir whose unusual honesty and sensitivity has given it enduring appeal.
Author : Margaret Greer
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271041218
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Maria de Zayas Tells Baroque Tales of Love and the Cruelty of Men written by Margaret Greer and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2011-11-30 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: María de Zayas y Sotomayor (1590–1650?) published two collections of novellas, Novelas amorosas y exemplares (1637) and Desengaños amorosos (1647), which were immensely popular in her day. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Victorian and bourgeois sensibilities exiled her “scandalous” works to the outer fringes of serious literature. Over the last two decades, however, she has gained an enthusiastic and ever-expanding readership, drawing intense critical attention and achieving canonical status as a major figure of the Spanish Golden Age. In this first comprehensive study of Zayas’s prose, Margaret R. Greer explores the relationship between narration and desire, analyzing both the “desire for readers” displayed by Zayas in her Prologue and the sexual desire that drives the telling within the novellas themselves. Greer examines Zayas’s narrative strategies through the twin lenses of feminist and psychoanalytic theory. She devotes close attention to the weight of Renaissance literary traditions and the role of Zayas’s own cultural context in shaping her work. She discusses Zayas’s biography and the reception of her publications; her advocacy of women’s rights; her conflictive loyalty to an aristocratic, patriarchal order; her crafting of feminine tales of desire; and her erasure of the frontiers between the natural and supernatural, indeed, between love and death itself. In so doing, Greer offers an expansive analysis of this recently rediscovered Golden Age writer.
![Download Sexually Transmitted Disease [2 volumes] PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/3OTNEAAAQBAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Author : Jill Ann Grimes MD
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 951 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)
Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Disease [2 volumes] written by Jill Ann Grimes MD and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 951 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date, two-volume work provides A-Z coverage of all topics related to sexually transmitted disease, ranging from anatomy to modern legal and social implications to past and present methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Sexually transmittable diseases are a sensitive and embarrassing subject. Many sexually transmitted diseases are silent, providing no symptoms until they cause serious medical problems. But with one in four Americans over the age of fourteen being infected with a sexually transmitted infection, the topic of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is a highly relevant health issue. This work contains over 230 entries that span the history and wide range of topics regarding STDs, from the birth of condoms over 3,000 years ago through discovery of the infectious agents and the invention of effective vaccines to the legal and societal implications of STDs. This two-volume encyclopedia investigates the spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases and related topics and issues, describing their microscopic origins, the chronology of research and medical treatment, the body parts affected, and the modern-day methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of spread. Additionally, this work addresses legal implications of disease transmission, psychosocial impacts, as well as long-term medical consequences such as potential infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and chronic pelvic pain.
Author : Hélène Jawhara Piñer
Publisher : Academic Studies PRess
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (871 download)
Download or read book Matzah and Flour written by Hélène Jawhara Piñer and published by Academic Studies PRess. This book was released on 2024-11-12 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Hélène Jawhara Piñer, Gourmand World Cookbook Award-winning author of Sephardi: Cooking the History, comes a collection of 125 meticulously crafted recipes showcasing the enduring flavors that define Sephardic culinary heritage. Matzah and Flour: Recipes from the History of the Sephardic Jews offers a tantalizing exploration of the central role of matzah and flour in Sephardic cuisine. Journey through centuries of tradition as flour, from various grains like chickpea, corn, and barley, intertwines with cultural narratives and religious observance. Delve into the symbolism of matzah, from its origins in the Exodus story to its embodiment of resilience and identity. Each of this cookbook’s thoughtfully prepared recipes is a testament to the transformative power of flour in Sephardic culinary heritage. From savory delicacies to sweet delights, these timeless flavors have sustained Sephardic families through history. Matzah and Flour is a celebration of tradition, history, and the enduring legacy of Sephardic Jewish cuisine.
Author : Nawal Nasrallah
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004469486
Total Pages : 914 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Best of Delectable Foods and Dishes from al-Andalus and al-Maghrib: A Cookbook by Thirteenth-Century Andalusi Scholar Ibn Razīn al-Tujībī (1227–1293) written by Nawal Nasrallah and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thirteenth-century cookbook Fiḍālat al-khiwān fī ṭayyibāt al-ṭaʿām wa-l-alwān by the Andalusi scholar Ibn Razīn al-Tujībī showcases the sophisticated cuisine that developed in the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim rule through its 475 exquisite recipes. Now available for the first time in English, this edition contains al-Tujībī’s complete text, based on a newly discovered manuscript now available for the first time in any language. To introduce readers to the wonders of cooking and foodways in al-Andalus and the Maghreb, the translated text is supplemented with an extensive introduction and glossary, illustrated throughout with 218 color miniatures and artifacts, with 24 modernized recipes to give readers a taste of the cuisine. This is a key resource on medieval material culture and the Arab culinary heritage in Iberia, and a delight to all lovers of food and cookbooks.
Author : Stephanie Fink De Backer
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004191704
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Widowhood in Early Modern Spain written by Stephanie Fink De Backer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on clerical ideals of female comportment and Golden Age playwrights’ fixation on questions of honor, modern scholarship, whether historical or literary, has viewed women as subjects and objects of patriarchal control. This study analyzes tensions and contradictions produced by the interplay of patriarchal norms and the realities of widows’ daily lives to demonstrate that in Castile patriarchy did not exist as a monolithic force, which rigidly enforced an ideology of female incapacity. The extensive analysis of archival documents shows widows actively engaged in their families and communities, confounding images of their reclusion and silence. Widows’ autonomy and authority were desirable attributes that did not collide with the demands of a society that recognized the contingent nature of patriarchal norms.
Author : Gerald Ernest Paul Gillespie
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027234568
Total Pages : 772 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (345 download)
Download or read book Romantic Prose Fiction written by Gerald Ernest Paul Gillespie and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume a team of three dozen international experts presents a fresh picture of literary prose fiction in the Romantic age seen from cross-cultural and interdisciplinary perspectives. The work treats the appearance of major themes in characteristically Romantic versions, the power of Romantic discourse to reshape imaginative writing, and a series of crucial reactions to the impact of Romanticism on cultural life down to the present, both in Europe and in the New World. Through its combination of chapters on thematic, generic, and discursive features, Romantic Prose Fiction achieves a unique theoretical stance, by considering the opinions of primary Romantics and their successors not as guiding truths by which to define the permanent meaning of Romanticism, but as data of cultural history that shed important light on an evolving civilization.SPECIAL OFFER: 30% discount for a complete set order (5 vols.).The Romanticism series in the Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages is the result of a remarkable international collaboration. The editorial team coordinated the efforts of over 100 experts from more than two dozen countries to produce five independently conceived, yet interrelated volumes that show not only how Romanticism developed and spread in its principal European homelands and throughout the New World, but also the ways in which the affected literatures in reaction to Romanticism have redefined themselves on into Modernism. A glance at the index of each volume quickly reveals the extraordinary richness of the series' total contents. Romantic Irony sets the broader experimental parameters of comparison by concentrating on the myriad expressions of irony as one of the major impulses in the Romantic philosophical and artistic revolution, and by combining cross-cultural and interdisciplinary studies with special attention also to literatures in less widely diffused language streams. Romantic Drama traces creative innovations that deeply altered the understanding of genre at large, fed popular imagination through vehicles like the opera, and laid the foundations for a modernist theater of the absurd. Romantic Poetry demonstrates deep patterns and a sharing of crucial themes of the revolutionary age which underlie the lyrical expression that flourished in so many languages and environments. Nonfictional Romantic Prose assists us in coping with the vast array of writings from the personal and intimate sphere to modes of public discourse, including Romanticism's own self-commentary in theoretical statements on the arts, society, life, the sciences, and more. Nor are the discursive dimensions of imaginative literature neglected in the closing volume, Romantic Prose Fiction, where the basic Romantic themes and story types (the romance, novel, novella, short story, and other narrative forms) are considered throughout Europe and the New World. This enormous realm is seen not just in terms of Romantic theorizing, but in the light of the impact of Romantic ideas and narration on later generations. As an aid to readers, the introduction to Romantic Prose Fiction explains the relationships among the volumes in the series and carries a listing of their tables of contents in an appendix. No other series exists comparable to these volumes which treat the entirety of Romanticism as a cultural happening across the whole breadth of the Old and New Worlds and thus render a complex picture of European spiritual strivings in the late eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, a heritage still very close to our age.
Author : Jeffrey Gorsky
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0827612516
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Exiles in Sepharad written by Jeffrey Gorsky and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dramatic one-thousand-year history of the Jews in Spain, from their heyday under Muslim and then early Christian rule--when Jewish culture was at its height, like nowhere else in the world--to the late fourteenth century, when mass riots against the Jews forced conversions and eventually led to the horrific Spanish Inquisition and expulsion of the Jews"--Provided by publisher.
Author : Edith Snook
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350122815
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)
Download or read book A Cultural History of Hair in the Renaissance written by Edith Snook and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the period 1450 to 1650 in Europe, hair was braided, curled, shaped, cut, colored, covered, decorated, supplemented, removed, and reused in magic, courtship, and art, amongst other things. On the body, Renaissance men and women often considered hair a signifier of order and civility. Hair style and the head coverings worn by many throughout the period marked not only the wearer's engagement with fashion, but also moral, religious, social, and political beliefs. Hair established individuals' positions in the period's social hierarchy and signified class, gender, and racial identities, as well as distinctions of age and marital and professional status. Such a meaningful part of the body, however, could also be disorderly, when it grew where it wasn't supposed to or transgressed the body's boundaries by being wild, uncovered, unpinned, or uncut. A natural material with cultural import, hair weaves together the Renaissance histories of fashion, politics, religion, gender, science, medicine, art, literature, and material culture. A necessarily interdisciplinary study, A Cultural History of Hair in the Renaissance explores the multiple meanings of hair, as well as the ideas and practices it inspired. Separate chapters contemplate Religion and Ritualized Belief, Self and Society, Fashion and Adornment, Production and Practice, Health and Hygiene, Sexuality and Gender, Race and Ethnicity, Class and Social Status, and Cultural Representations.
Author : Steven Moore
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1441133364
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)
Download or read book The Novel: An Alternative History written by Steven Moore and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedic in scope and heroically audacious, The Novel: An Alternative History is the first attempt in over a century to tell the complete story of our most popular literary form. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the novel did not originate in 18th-century England, nor even with Don Quixote, but is coeval with civilization itself. After a pugnacious introduction, in which Moore defends innovative, demanding novelists against their conservative critics, the book relaxes into a world tour of the pre-modern novel, beginning in ancient Egypt and ending in 16th-century China, with many exotic ports-of-call: Greek romances; Roman satires; medieval Sanskrit novels narrated by parrots; Byzantine erotic thrillers; 5000-page Arabian adventure novels; Icelandic sagas; delicate Persian novels in verse; Japanese war stories; even Mayan graphic novels. Throughout, Moore celebrates the innovators in fiction, tracing a continuum between these pre-modern experimentalists and their postmodern progeny. Irreverent, iconoclastic, informative, entertaining-The Novel: An Alternative History is a landmark in literary criticism that will encourage readers to rethink the novel.
Author : Ottavia Niccoli
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691008356
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (83 download)
Download or read book Prophecy and People in Renaissance Italy written by Ottavia Niccoli and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1990-08 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the midst of the religious ferment, foreign invasions, and internal political strife that beset Italy before the full effects of the Counter-Reformation, the powerful and humble alike turned to popular prophecy for guidance and solace. Ottavia Niccoli examines here the forms of these prophecies--including interpretations of natural disasters, abnormal births, floods, and planetary conjunctions--and gives examples of how they were transmitted from the lower classes to the elite through street singers, apocalyptic preachers, astrologers, and printers. By tracing the ongoing revision of the prophecies, Niccoli reveals them as an indication of how various levels of society viewed events of the time, as a form of propaganda for such causes as anti-Lutheranism, and as a reflection of the interaction between "high" and "low" culture. Based on popular leaflets, diaries, civic chronicles, and iconographic sources, this book explores the expression of a culture in which nature, religion, and politics formed a unified system with a uniform code of interpretation. It connects the decline of prophecy in Italy with the end of the Italian wars and the beginning of the Counter-Reformation, when popular preaching was banned and charismatic religion discouraged.
Author : Andrea Morris
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443809209
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)
Download or read book Celebrations and Connections in Hispanic Literature written by Andrea Morris and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume Celebrations and Connections in Hispanic Literature is itself a celebration of a tradition of scholarly dialogue in a relaxed, festive atmosphere. The articles included here began as papers presented at the 25th Anniversary Edition of the Biennial Louisiana Conference on Hispanic Languages and Literatures, held in Baton Rouge Louisiana, February 23-24, 2006. Each of the authors responds in innovative ways to the idea of connecting texts, contexts, and genres, as well as to the disconnect that is often present between what we perceive as “Hispanic” identity and the experience of those left on the margin. Topics include “Celebrating and Rewriting Difference: (De)colonized Identities,” “Word and Image in the Spanish Golden Age,” and “Latin American Literature and Politics,” among others. The collection is demonstrative of current trends in Hispanic literary and cultural criticism, which are increasingly less bound by traditional regional and temporal constructs. While each author’s research is rooted in a specific socio-historic context, their combined contributions to the present volume provide a far-reaching perspective that expands the notion of “text” to go beyond the literary and engage a multitude of disciplines. “…it emphasizes the often illuminating connections among literary and cultural texts which can be drawn when one conceives of Hispanism and its literary and cultural fields as shaped by trends and issues, rather than divided by periods and regions (...) What strikes me most is the newness of each piece. While each is very well informed, none rehearses old historical or theoretical ground more than is absolutely necessary, but rather presents either a new or overlooked text or offers a new approach.” Leslie Bary, University of Louisiana, Lafayette “An impressive array of well-established and younger scholars has produced a volume whose scope is the entire Hispanic world extending from the Golden Age to the contemporary era. (...) This volume will be of interest to all scholars and critics of Hispanic literature as well as to historians and political scientists. Many of the essays challenge traditional assumptions about the colonization of the Hispanic world as well as the motivations for the revolutions for independence whose influence is still strongly alive in contemporary treatments of fundamental questions of national identity, race, class, and gender.” C. Chris Soufas, Jr., Tulane University
Author : Michelle M. Hamilton
Publisher : Vanderbilt University Press
ISBN 13 : 0826503616
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (265 download)
Download or read book In and Of the Mediterranean written by Michelle M. Hamilton and published by Vanderbilt University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Iberian Peninsula has always been an integral part of the Mediterranean world, from the age of Tartessos and the Phoenicians to our own era and the Union for the Mediterranean. The cutting-edge essays in this volume examine what it means for medieval and early modern Iberia and its people to be considered as part of the Mediterranean.
