Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation

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Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC

Author : J. Owen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400956185
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC by : J. Owen

Download or read book Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC written by J. Owen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyvinyl chloride has played a key role in the development of the plastics industry over the past 40 years and continues to be a polymer of major importance. The reasons for its enormous versatility and range of application derive from a combination of the basic structure which gives rise to a relatively tough and rigid material and its ability to accept a range of plasticisers and other additives which can modify its physical characteristics to produce a range of flexible products. Two major problems, however, have tested the skill and ingenuity of PVC technologists since earliest times. One is the thermal instability of the material at the temperatures required for melt processing and fabrication, and the second is the photochemical instability which until recently has limited the potentially large range of outdoor applications. Both problems have been handled in a commercially satisfactory way by the gradual development of a range of stabilisers, lubricants and other processing aids and the high quality material which has resulted has led to massive utilisation of PVC by industry. Totally adequate stabilisation requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which degradation processes are initiated and propagated. Although great advances have been made in this respect in recent years the problem remains incompletely understood. This book presents an account of the present position and the problems which remain to be solved.

PVC Degradation and Stabilization

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1927885000
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis PVC Degradation and Stabilization by : George Wypych

Download or read book PVC Degradation and Stabilization written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PVC stabilization, the most important aspect of formulation and performance of this polymer, is discussed in details. This book contains all information required to design successful stabilization formula for any product made out of PVC. Separate chapters review information on chemical structure, PVC manufacturing technology, morphology, degradation by thermal energy, UV, gamma, other forms of radiation, mechanodegradation, and chemical degradation. The chapter on analytical methods used in studying of degradative and stabilization processes helps in establishing system of checking results of stabilization with different stabilizing systems. Stabilization and stabilizers are discussed in full detail in the most important chapter of this book. The final chapter contains information on the effects of PVC and its additives on health, safety and environment. This book contains analysis of all essential papers and patents published until recently on the above subject. It either locates the answers to relevant questions and offers solutions or gives references in which such answers can be found. PVC Degradation and Stabilization is must to have for chemists, engineers, scientists, university teachers and students, designers, material scientists, environmental chemists, and lawyers who work with polyvinyl chloride and its additives or have any interest in these products. This book is the one authoritative source on the subject. A practical and up-to-date reference guide for engineers and scientists designing with PVC Covers thermal, UV, gamma radiation, chemical, and other forms of degradation Includes a critical discussion of the sustainability issues faced by PVC and its additives, as well as health and safety concerns

Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation by : George Wypych

Download or read book Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.

PVC Degradation and Stabilization

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : ChemTec Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1927885612
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis PVC Degradation and Stabilization by : George Wypych

Download or read book PVC Degradation and Stabilization written by George Wypych and published by ChemTec Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-27 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PVC Degradation and Stabilization, Fourth Edition, includes new developments in PVC production, new stabilization methods and mechanisms, new approaches to plasticization, methods of waste reprocessing, accelerated degradation due to electric breakdown, and much more. The book contains all the information necessary for the successful design of stabilization formulas in any PVC-based product. Other topics covered include degradation by thermal energy, UV, gamma and other forms of radiation, chemical degradation, and more. Analytical methods for studying degradative and stabilization processes aid readers in establishing a system for verifying results of stabilization with different stabilizing systems. Many new topics included in this edition are of particular interest today. These comprise new developments in PVC production yielding range of new grades, new stabilization methods and mechanisms (e.g. synergistic mixtures containing hydrotalcites and their synthetic equivalents, beta-diketones, functionalized fillers, Shiff bases), new approaches to plasticization, methods of waste reprocessing (life cycle assessment, reformulation, biodegradable materials, and energy recovery), accelerated degradation due to electric breakdown, and many more Revised to include cutting-edge research, patent updates and other information required to design successful stabilization in PVC-based products Covers chemical structure, PVC manufacturing technology, morphology, degradation by thermal energy, mechanodegradation, and more Includes a chapter on the analytical methods used in studying degradative and stabilization processes Discusses information on the effects of PVC and its additives on health, safety and the environment

Polyvinyl Chloride Stabilization

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyvinyl Chloride Stabilization by : George Wypych

Download or read book Polyvinyl Chloride Stabilization written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1986 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Photostabilization of Polymers

Author : J.F. Rabek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400907478
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Photostabilization of Polymers by : J.F. Rabek

Download or read book Photostabilization of Polymers written by J.F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. Increasing the stability of polymers and plastics towards heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and other environmental agents and weathering conditions has always been a very important problem. The photochemical instability of most of polymers limits them to outdoor application, where they are photo degraded fast over periods ranging from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegrada tion and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In many cases, improved methods of preparation and purification of both monomers and polymers yield products of better quality and higher resistance to heat and light. However, without stabilization of polymers by applica tion of antioxidants (to decrease thermal oxidative degradation) and photostabilizers (to decrease photo-oxidative degradation) it would be impossible to employ polymers and plastics in everyday use.

Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859574980
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials by : Krzysztof Pielichowski

Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.

PVC Degradation & Stabilization

Author : George Wypych
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781680154757
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (547 download)

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Book Synopsis PVC Degradation & Stabilization by : George Wypych

Download or read book PVC Degradation & Stabilization written by George Wypych and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444640630
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry by :

Download or read book Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-12 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry: Recent Advances, Techniques and Applications, Volume Six, Second Edition, presents the latest in a series that has been well received by the thermal analysis and calorimetry community. This volume covers recent advances in techniques and applications that complement the earlier volumes. There has been tremendous progress in the field in recent years, and this book puts together the most high-impact topics selected for their popularity by new editors Sergey Vyazovkin, Nobuyoshi Koga and Christoph Schick—all editors of Thermochimica Acta. Among the important new techniques covered are biomass conversion; sustainable polymers; polymer nanocompsoties; nonmetallic glasses; phase change materials; propellants and explosives; applications to pharmaceuticals; processes in ceramics, metals, and alloys; ionic liquids; fast-scanning calorimetry, and more. Features 19 all-new chapters to bring readers up to date on the current status of the field Provides a broad overview of recent progress in the most popular techniques and applications Includes chapters authored by a recognized leader in each field and compiled by a new team of editors, each with at least 20 years of experience in the field of thermal analysis and calorimetry Enables applications across a wide range of modern materials, including polymers, metals, alloys, ceramics, energetics and pharmaceutics Overviews the current status of the field and summarizes recent progress in the most popular techniques and applications

Precision Process Technology

Author : M.P.C. Weijnen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401117594
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Precision Process Technology by : M.P.C. Weijnen

Download or read book Precision Process Technology written by M.P.C. Weijnen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New process technology strategies are required to cope with the future. Fossil feedstocks are losing ground in favour of renewable feedstocks and secondary resources. Conventional processing routes using thermal `sledgehammer' techniques are replaced by highly selective (bio)catalytic conversions. The future process engineer is neither allowed to think in terms of unit operations, nor to take for granted the conventional practice of continuous steady state processing. Hybrid systems and transient operations are more and more frequently encountered. The continuing impressive progress being made in process modelling and control will revolutionize the process industries. In the new generation of chemical production processes the keyword is precision. Precision in terms of selectivity and of efficiency, is required to maximize the utilisation of materials and energy. Moreover, enhanced precision is needed to exploit the quality of materials and energy to the full extent. Only by reducing the squandering of materials, energy and quality will a harmonious relationship be established between the process industries, the economy, and the environment. Process integration, as well as an integrated effort by the disciplines involved in process technology, will be of crucial importance in attaining the goals of precision process technology. These emerging strategies involve an active exchange of tools and ideas between a variety of disciplines, not only in plant design and operation, but even more in the early stages of process development and design. By looking from various angles at what the future has in store for the process industries, this volume systematically lifts the corners of the veil and may inspire to establish a new tradition of precision in process technology.

Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials

Author : Serope Kalpakjian
Publisher : Pearson Education India
ISBN 13 : 9788131705667
Total Pages : 1036 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials by : Serope Kalpakjian

Download or read book Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials written by Serope Kalpakjian and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 1984 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polymer Degradation and Stabilization

Author : W. L. Hawkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642693768
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Degradation and Stabilization by : W. L. Hawkins

Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by W. L. Hawkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions.

Organic Polymer Chemistry

Author : K. J. Saunders
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401725047
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Polymer Chemistry by : K. J. Saunders

Download or read book Organic Polymer Chemistry written by K. J. Saunders and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the organic chemistry of polymers which find technological use as adhesives, fibres, paints, plastics and rubbers. For the most part, only polymers which are of commercial significance are considered and the primary aim of the book is to relate theoretical aspects to industrial practice. The book is mainly intended for use by students in technical institutions and universities who are specializing in polymer science and by graduates who require an introduction to this field. Several excellent books have recently appeared dealing with the physical chemistry of polymers but the organic chemistry of polymers has not received so much attention. In recognition of this situation and because the two aspects of polymer chemistry are often taught separately, this book deals specifically with organic chemistry and topics of physical chemistry have been omitted. Also, in this way the book has been kept to a reasonable size. This is not to say that integration of the two areas of polymer science is undesirable; on the contrary, it is of the utmost importance that the inter-relationship should b~ appreciated. I wish to record my thanks to my colleagues with whom I have had many helpful discussions, particularly Mrs S. L. Radchenko. I also thank Miss E. Friesen for obtaining many books and articles on my behalf and Mr H. Harms for encouragement and assistance. I am also grateful to Mrs M. Stevens who skilfully prepared the manuscript. Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Technology, Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, K. J. S.

Polymer Photodegradation

Author : J.F. Rabek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401112746
Total Pages : 679 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Photodegradation by : J.F. Rabek

Download or read book Polymer Photodegradation written by J.F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40~60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. The photochemical instability of most polymers limits their outdoor application as they are photodegraded quickly over periods from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegradation and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In order to improve polymer photostability there has been a very big effort during the last 30 years to understand the mechanisms involved in photodegradation and environmental ageing. This book represents the author's attempt, based on his 25 years' experience in research on photodegradation and photo stabilization, to collect and generalize a number of available data on the photodegradation of polymers. The space limitation and the tremendous number of publications in the past two decades have made a detailed presentation of all important results and data difficult. The author apologizes to those whose work has not been quoted or widely presented in this book. Because many published results are very often contradictory, it has been difficult to present a fully critical review of collected knowledge, without antagonizing authors. For that reason, all available theories, mechanisms and different suggestions have been presented together, and only practice can evaluate which of them are valid.

Encyclopedia of PVC

Author : Leonard I. Nass
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of PVC by : Leonard I. Nass

Download or read book Encyclopedia of PVC written by Leonard I. Nass and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Volume 1 of this outstanding resource concentrates on safety and environmental concerns in the manufacture and use of resins, and thoroughly discusses theories of degradation, plasticization, solvation, and stabilization. "

Plastics in Medical Devices

Author : Vinny R. Sastri
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 081552028X
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Plastics in Medical Devices by : Vinny R. Sastri

Download or read book Plastics in Medical Devices written by Vinny R. Sastri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-03-05 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No book has been published that gives a detailed description of all the types of plastic materials used in medical devices, the unique requirements that the materials need to comply with and the ways standard plastics can be modified to meet such needs. This book will start with an introduction to medical devices, their classification and some of the regulations (both US and global) that affect their design, production and sale. A couple of chapters will focus on all the requirements that plastics need to meet for medical device applications. The subsequent chapters describe the various types of plastic materials, their properties profiles, the advantages and disadvantages for medical device applications, the techniques by which their properties can be enhanced, and real-world examples of their use. Comparative tables will allow readers to find the right classes of materials suitable for their applications or new product development needs.

Freshwater Microplastics

Author : Martin Wagner
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319616153
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Freshwater Microplastics by : Martin Wagner

Download or read book Freshwater Microplastics written by Martin Wagner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.