Polymer Surface Dynamics

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Polymer Surface Dynamics

Author : J.D. Andrade
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781468412925
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Dynamics by : J.D. Andrade

Download or read book Polymer Surface Dynamics written by J.D. Andrade and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-25 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A small symposium on The Dynamic Aspects of Polymer Surfaces was held as part of the Rocky Mountain Regional American Chemical Society meeting, June, 1986, in Denver, Colorado. In view of the growing activity and interest in polymer surface dynamics, the participants agreed to publish their papers under the auspices of Plenum Press. The authors and participants join me in wishing that this volume will be of assistance to those studying and applying polymeric materials and that it will contribute to the growing awareness that polymer surfaces are indeed dynamic and undergo time- and temperature-dependent relaxations in response to changes in their local environment. J. D. Andrade Salt Lake City, Utah January 1987 CONTENTS Polymer Surface and Interface Dynamics: An Introduction ••••••••••••••• l J. D. Andrade Modeling of the Wilhelmy Contact Angle Method with Practical Sample Geometr i es •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 P. Dryden, J. H. Lee, J. M. Park, and J. D. Andrade Contact Angles at Polymer~ater Interface; Temperature Dependence and Induced Deformation ••••••••••••••••••••••••. ••••• 25 M. S. Jhon and S. H. Yuk Orientation Phenomena at Polymer-Water Interfaces ••••••••••••••••••••• 45 L. Lavielle Dynamic Contact Angle Studies of N-Alkyl Derivatized Boro-Silicate Glass Surfaces •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67 J. M. Park and J. D. Andrade Surface Mobility and Structural Transitions of Poly(n-Alkyl Methacrylates) Probed by Dynamic Contact Angle Measurement •••••• 89 H. S. van Damme, A. H. Hogt, and J. Feijen Dynamic Wettability of Hydrophobic Polymers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• lOl M. J. OWen, T. M. Gentle, T. Orbeck, and D. E.

Polymer Surface Dynamics

Author : American Chemical Society. Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Dynamics by : American Chemical Society. Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting

Download or read book Polymer Surface Dynamics written by American Chemical Society. Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-03-31 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A small symposium on The Dynamic Aspects of Polymer Surfaces was held as part of the Rocky Mountain Regional American Chemical Society meeting, June, 1986, in Denver, Colorado. In view of the growing activity and interest in polymer surface dynamics, the participants agreed to publish their papers under the auspices of Plenum Press. The authors and participants join me in wishing that this volume will be of assistance to those studying and applying polymeric materials and that it will contribute to the growing awareness that polymer surfaces are indeed dynamic and undergo time- and temperature-dependent relaxations in response to changes in their local environment. J. D. Andrade Salt Lake City, Utah January 1987 CONTENTS Polymer Surface and Interface Dynamics: An Introduction ••••••••••••••• l J. D. Andrade Modeling of the Wilhelmy Contact Angle Method with Practical Sample Geometr i es •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 P. Dryden, J. H. Lee, J. M. Park, and J. D. Andrade Contact Angles at Polymer~ater Interface; Temperature Dependence and Induced Deformation ••••••••••••••••••••••••. ••••• 25 M. S. Jhon and S. H. Yuk Orientation Phenomena at Polymer-Water Interfaces ••••••••••••••••••••• 45 L. Lavielle Dynamic Contact Angle Studies of N-Alkyl Derivatized Boro-Silicate Glass Surfaces •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67 J. M. Park and J. D. Andrade Surface Mobility and Structural Transitions of Poly(n-Alkyl Methacrylates) Probed by Dynamic Contact Angle Measurement •••••• 89 H. S. van Damme, A. H. Hogt, and J. Feijen Dynamic Wettability of Hydrophobic Polymers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• lOl M. J. OWen, T. M. Gentle, T. Orbeck, and D. E.

Polymer Surface Dynamics

Author : J.D. Andrade
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780306427886
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Dynamics by : J.D. Andrade

Download or read book Polymer Surface Dynamics written by J.D. Andrade and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-03-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A small symposium on The Dynamic Aspects of Polymer Surfaces was held as part of the Rocky Mountain Regional American Chemical Society meeting, June, 1986, in Denver, Colorado. In view of the growing activity and interest in polymer surface dynamics, the participants agreed to publish their papers under the auspices of Plenum Press. The authors and participants join me in wishing that this volume will be of assistance to those studying and applying polymeric materials and that it will contribute to the growing awareness that polymer surfaces are indeed dynamic and undergo time- and temperature-dependent relaxations in response to changes in their local environment. J. D. Andrade Salt Lake City, Utah January 1987 CONTENTS Polymer Surface and Interface Dynamics: An Introduction ••••••••••••••• l J. D. Andrade Modeling of the Wilhelmy Contact Angle Method with Practical Sample Geometr i es •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 P. Dryden, J. H. Lee, J. M. Park, and J. D. Andrade Contact Angles at Polymer~ater Interface; Temperature Dependence and Induced Deformation ••••••••••••••••••••••••. ••••• 25 M. S. Jhon and S. H. Yuk Orientation Phenomena at Polymer-Water Interfaces ••••••••••••••••••••• 45 L. Lavielle Dynamic Contact Angle Studies of N-Alkyl Derivatized Boro-Silicate Glass Surfaces •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67 J. M. Park and J. D. Andrade Surface Mobility and Structural Transitions of Poly(n-Alkyl Methacrylates) Probed by Dynamic Contact Angle Measurement •••••• 89 H. S. van Damme, A. H. Hogt, and J. Feijen Dynamic Wettability of Hydrophobic Polymers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• lOl M. J. OWen, T. M. Gentle, T. Orbeck, and D. E.

Polymer Surface Dynamics

Author : JD ANDRADE (ED.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Dynamics by : JD ANDRADE (ED.)

Download or read book Polymer Surface Dynamics written by JD ANDRADE (ED.) and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Responsive Polymer Surfaces

Author : Danqing Liu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527690506
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Responsive Polymer Surfaces by : Danqing Liu

Download or read book Responsive Polymer Surfaces written by Danqing Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adopting an integrated approach, this book covers experiments, theory, and emerging applications. In the first part surfaces are described that change from flat to either a random corrugated or to a well-structured structure, while the second part deals with those surface structures integrated in the coating surface where the structures change their shape or dimension when addressed by an external trigger. A variety of materials are addressed, including liquid crystal polymers, hydrogels, hard acrylates, and soft silicones. The whole is rounded off by a discussion of various applications, including surface controlled flows in microfluidic systems. Of interest to chemists and engineers, researchers in industry and academia, as well as those working in the paint industry and hydrodynamics.

Polymer Surface Dynamics

Author : Joseph D. Andrade
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Dynamics by : Joseph D. Andrade

Download or read book Polymer Surface Dynamics written by Joseph D. Andrade and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polymer Glasses

Author : Connie B. Roth
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315305135
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Glasses by : Connie B. Roth

Download or read book Polymer Glasses written by Connie B. Roth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "the present book will be of great value for both newcomers to the field and mature active researchers by serving as a coherent and timely introduction to some of the modern approaches, ideas, results, emerging understanding, and many open questions in this fascinating field of polymer glasses, supercooled liquids, and thin films" –Kenneth S. Schweizer, Morris Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (from the Foreword) This book provides a timely and comprehensive overview of molecular level insights into polymer glasses in confined geometries and under deformation. Polymer glasses have become ubiquitous to our daily life, from the polycarbonate eyeglass lenses on the end of our nose to large acrylic glass panes holding water in aquarium tanks, with advantages over glass in that they are lightweight and easy to manufacture, while remaining transparent and rigid. The contents include an introduction to the field, as well as state of the art investigations. Chapters delve into studies of commonalities across different types of glass formers (polymers, small molecules, colloids, and granular materials), which have enabled microscopic and molecular level frameworks to be developed. The authors show how glass formers are modeled across different systems, thereby leading to treatments for polymer glasses with first-principle based approaches and molecular level detail. Readers across disciplines will benefit from this topical overview summarizing the key areas of polymer glasses, alongside an introduction to the main principles and approaches.

On Near-free-surface Dynamics of Thin Polymer Films

Author : Dongping Qi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis On Near-free-surface Dynamics of Thin Polymer Films by : Dongping Qi

Download or read book On Near-free-surface Dynamics of Thin Polymer Films written by Dongping Qi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies show that dynamical properties of ultra-thin polymer films deviate from those of bulk materials. Despite some controversial issues, there is growing evidence indicating that the interfacial properties play a key role for observed dynamical anomalies. However, how and how much the interfacial properties affect the average dynamics of the nanometer scale systems are still elusive. In this work, we developed several novel techniques to investigate near-free-surface dynamics of thin polymer films. We studied surface dynamics of glassy i-PMMA films using a nano surface hole relaxation technique: a strong substrate property dependence and an unexpected molecular weight dependence were observed; we found that a local Tg of ~40K below bulk Tg could be assigned to the surface region. We used nano gold particle embedding to study PS surface dynamics: enhanced surface dynamics and weak temperature dependence were observed for the surface region; a depth profile with the nm resolution was observed; viscous liquid-like and soft solid-like properties were observed in the first 5.5nm and next 3.3 nm regions in PS films; no molecualr weight dependence was found in glassy PS films. We built a low level noise measurement system to study the thermal polarization noise in PVAc films: cooperative rearranging dynamics were evidenced; the noise power spectral density (PSD) is found to fluctuate around a certain average level without discernable peak shift; we observed some relatively big jumps or fluctuations in successive integrated PSD's, which indicate some energy exchange between different microscopic domains in glassy polymer systems. We developed a novel nano rheology AFM technique to study the near-free-surface dynamics of thin polymer films: enhanced near-free-surface dynamics with weak temperature dependence are observed for PVAc films, which is similar with the PS case.

Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films

Author : Toshiji Kanaya
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642343392
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films by : Toshiji Kanaya

Download or read book Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films written by Toshiji Kanaya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobility Gradient of Polystyrene in Films Supported on Solid Substrates, by Yoshihisa Fujii, Hiroshi Morita, Atsushi Takahara and Keiji Tanaka Probing Properties of Polymers in Thin Films Via Dewetting, by Günter Reiter Heterogeneous and Aging Dynamics in Single and Stacked Thin Polymer Films, by Koji Fukao, Takehide Terasawa, Kenji Nakamura, Daisuke Tahara Heterogeneous Dynamics of Polymer Thin Films as Studied by Neutron Scattering, by Rintaro Inoue and Toshiji Kanaya

Polymer Surfaces, Interfaces And Thin Films

Author : Alamgir Karim
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9813105496
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Surfaces, Interfaces And Thin Films by : Alamgir Karim

Download or read book Polymer Surfaces, Interfaces And Thin Films written by Alamgir Karim and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2000-04-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theoretical and experimental study of polymers, polymer surfaces and thin films has undergone a revolution in the last 25 years. This book captures recent advances in this field. It covers equilibrium aspects, kinetics and reactions at interfaces. It is aimed not only at a research audience but also at beginners.

Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers

Author : J.D. Andrade
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468486101
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers by : J.D. Andrade

Download or read book Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers written by J.D. Andrade and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to provide a fundamental basis for the study of the interaction of polymers with living systems, biochemicals, and with aqueous solutions. The surface chemistry and physics of polymeric materials is a subject not normally covered to any significant extent in classical surface chemistry textbooks. Many of the assumptions of classical surface chemistry are invalid when applied to polymer surfaces. Surface properties of polymers are important in the development of medical devices and diagnostic products. Surface properties are also of vital importance in fields such as adhesion, paints and coatings, polymer-filler interactions, heterogeneous catalysis, composites, and polymers for energy generation. The book begins with a chapter considering the current sources of information on polymer surface chemistry and physics. It moves on to consider the question of the dynamics of polymer surfaces and the implica tions of polymer surface dynamics on all subsequent characterization and interfacial studies. Two chapters are directed toward the question of model polymers for preparing model surfaces and interfaces. Complete treatments of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy are given. There is a detailed treatment of the contact angle with particular emphasis on contact angle hysteresis in aqueous systems, followed by chapters on interfacial electrochemistry and interface acid-base charge-transfer properties. The very difficult problem of block and graft copolymer surfaces is also discussed. The problem of theoretical calculations of surface and interfacial tensions is presented. Raman spectroscopy is considered as an analytical technique for polymer surface characterization.

Surface Dynamics at the Polymer-air Interface of Water-plasma-treated Polydiene Films

Author : Stephen J. Grunzinger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Dynamics at the Polymer-air Interface of Water-plasma-treated Polydiene Films by : Stephen J. Grunzinger

Download or read book Surface Dynamics at the Polymer-air Interface of Water-plasma-treated Polydiene Films written by Stephen J. Grunzinger and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a separate study, tensile elongation of water-plasma-treated polyisoprene caused the surface to become more hydrophilic, consistent with exposure of underlying polar groups in the increased surface area. The hydrophobicity of the polymer surface returned when the strain was released. This reversibility damped out slowly over several cycles, but could be recovered by allowing the sample to relax in air.

Surface Dynamics, Glass Transition, and Crystallization of Atactic Polystyrene

Author : Yu Chai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (973 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Dynamics, Glass Transition, and Crystallization of Atactic Polystyrene by : Yu Chai

Download or read book Surface Dynamics, Glass Transition, and Crystallization of Atactic Polystyrene written by Yu Chai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How polymers behave near the glass transition is one of the deepest questions in condensed matter physics. In the past two decades, the surface dynamics, glass transition, and crystallization of polymer thin films have attracted much attention as they are not only scientific questions but also fundamentals of modern polymer industry. However, there are still many phenomena that are not clear, such as whether the glass transition is a real phase transition; whether there is an enhanced mobile layer near the free surface and how thick it is; whether the glass transition temperature reduction is caused by the free surface; whether some polymers cannot crystallize; etc. Here we try to gain insight into these questions. In this thesis, there are six chapters. The first chapter is introduction, in which some basic concepts and a literature review are presented. The second chapter contains the experimental details, in which the experimental techniques and data analysis methods are discussed. Chapter three, four, and five focus on three different research areas; however, these topics are related to each other. In chapter three, we conduct a novel stepped film levelling experiment to study the surface dynamics of polymer films near the glass transition temperature, in which several subtopics are involved, such as molecular weight dependent levelling, levelling under soft confinement, and ultra-thin films levelling. In chapter four, we find the direct evidence of the crystallization of atactic polystyrene, and systematically study the growth and melting kinetics of these crystals. In chapter five, the thermal expansivity of polystyrene thin films is measured using ellipsometry. These results confirm the validity of the recently proposed simple model, which connects the existence of an enhanced mobile layer near the free surface to the glass transition temperature reduction in thin films. The last chapter is concluding remarks and future work, in which a brief summary is included and some possible future studies are proposed.

Polymer Surface Characterization

Author : Luigia Sabbatini
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311070109X
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Characterization by : Luigia Sabbatini

Download or read book Polymer Surface Characterization written by Luigia Sabbatini and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully updated edition provides a broad approach to the surface analysis of polymers being of high technological interest. Modern analytical techniques, potential applications and recent advances in instrumental apparatus are discussed. The self-consistent chapters are devoted to techniques from photoelectron spectroscopy to electron microscopies and wettability.

Dynamics of Polymer Thin Films and Surfaces

Author : Zahra Fakhraai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamics of Polymer Thin Films and Surfaces by : Zahra Fakhraai

Download or read book Dynamics of Polymer Thin Films and Surfaces written by Zahra Fakhraai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polymer Thin Films

Author : Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812818820
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Thin Films by : Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui

Download or read book Polymer Thin Films written by Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ch. 1. Block copolymer thin films / J.-Y. Wang, S. Park and T. P. Russell -- ch. 2. Equilibration of block copolymer films on chemically patterned surfaces / G. S. W. Craig, H. Kang and P. F. Nealey -- ch. 3. Structure formation and evolution in confined cylinder-forming block copolymers / G. J. A. Sevink and J. G. E. M. Fraaije -- ch. 4. Block copolymer lithography for magnetic device fabrication / J. Y. Cheng and C. A. Ross -- ch. 5. Hierarchical structuring of polymer nanoparticles by self-organization / M. Shimomura ... [et al.] -- ch. 6. Wrinkling polymers for surface structure control and functionality / E. P. Chan and A. J. Crosby -- ch. 7. Crystallization in polymer thin films: morphology and growth / R. M. Van Horn and S. Z. D. Cheng -- ch. 8. Friction at soft polymer surface / M. K. Chaudhury, K. Vorvolakos and D. Malotky -- ch. 9. Relationship between molecular architecture, large-strain mechanical response and adhesive performance of model, block copolymer-based pressure sensitive adhesives / C. Creton and K. R. Shull -- ch. 10. Stability and dewetting of thin liquid films / K. Jacobs, R. Seemann and S. Herminghaus -- ch. 11. Anomalous dynamics of polymer Films / O. K. C. Tsui.

Surface Dynamics of Partially Tethered Polymer Films

Author : Jin Kuk Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Dynamics of Partially Tethered Polymer Films by : Jin Kuk Lee

Download or read book Surface Dynamics of Partially Tethered Polymer Films written by Jin Kuk Lee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surface dynamics of thin polymer films were tailored via tethering a fraction of the chains to the supporting substrate. This fractionally tethered state was called a "partially tethered film". A partially tethered film was prepared by coating an untethered chain layer on top of a tethered chain layer, followed by annealing. The tethered chain layers for this study had values of grafting density smaller than 0.15 chains/nm2. This low grafting density provided better miscibility between untethered and tethered chains, as compared to previous work with densely grafted brushes, therefore allowing the untethered chains to penetrate to the substrate region. Partially tethered films had slower surface fluctuation dynamics than did corresponding untethered reference films. These tailored surface dynamics after partial tethering were indicated by variations in surface relaxation time measured with X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Using the hydrodynamic continuum theory, the surface relaxation behavior of each sample was rationalized. However, since the hydrodynamic continuum theory hypothesizes a homogeneous viscous layer, it is not perfectly applicable to partially tethered films. To address this problem, the surface dynamics of the partially tethered film were described with models designed to account for various effects. A confinement effect due to the covalent bonds between the polymer layer and the substrate was described by modeling the hydrodynamics of a layer adjacent to the substrate and containing a substantial fraction of tethered chains as being extremely slow. The surface dynamics of a partially tethered film for which surface relaxation could still be observed was explained using a two-layer model composed of a top layer of untethered chains moving essentially like bulk untethered chains on top of the bottom layer with very slow dynamics designed to capture the effect of tethering. For sufficiently thick films this model looks very much like that already described by others for the flow of solvent past a solvent swollen layer of adsorbed polymer chains. However, as the partially tethered film becomes thinner, a more complicated model is required. At the least, the thickness of the layer with very slow hydrodynamics has to be varied as a fitting parameter and can become as large as the entire film thickness in some cases. We attribute this behavior to a "neighboring layer" effect. That is, the dynamics of the nominally untethered top layer are slowed by the influence of the practically immobile lower layer. The width of the interface between the top region of nearly pure untethered chains and the bottom region rich in tethered chains apparently plays an important role. When the degree of interpenetration between the two regions is altered by varying miscibility between the tethered and untethered chains, through the control of molecular weights or the segment-segment exchange interaction parameter, [chi], the surface dynamics can be strongly impacted. The relationship of the glass transition temperatures (T [subscript g]) of the tethered and untethered chains to one another was yet another parameter found to influence the tethering effect. When an oligiomeric untethered chain was used, the plasticization of the overall film by the low T[subscript g] untethered material dominated in determining the surface dynamics in the range of temperatures studied. More realistically accounting for all these effects requires a gradient model envisioning a gradual change in dynamical properties with depth into the film.