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Polylactide Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
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Book Synopsis Development of Reduction-responsive Degradable Polylactide-based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Drug-delivery Applications by : Alexander Cunningham
Download or read book Development of Reduction-responsive Degradable Polylactide-based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Drug-delivery Applications written by Alexander Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Poly(lactide)-based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers by : Sebastian Noack
Download or read book Poly(lactide)-based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers written by Sebastian Noack and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its bioavailability and (bio)degradability, poly(lactide) (PLA) is an interesting polymer that is already being used as packaging material, surgical seam, and drug delivery system. Dependent on various parameters such as polymer composition, amphiphilicity, sample preparation, and the enantiomeric purity of lactide, PLA in an amphiphilic block copolymer can affect the self-assembly behavior dramatically. However, sizes and shapes of aggregates have a critical effect on the interactions between biological and drug delivery systems, where the general understanding of these polymers and their ability to influence self-assembly is of significant interest in science. The first part of this thesis describes the synthesis and study of a series of linear poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA)-based amphiphilic block copolymers with varying PLA (hydrophobic), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (hydrophilic) chain lengths and different block copolymer sequences (PEG-PLA and PLA-PEG). ...
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Solution Self-Assembly of Poly(L-Lactide)-Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers by : Amy Petretic
Download or read book Synthesis and Solution Self-Assembly of Poly(L-Lactide)-Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers written by Amy Petretic and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Amphiphilic Block Copolymers by : P. Alexandridis
Download or read book Amphiphilic Block Copolymers written by P. Alexandridis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-18 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the belief of the editors of this book that the recognition of block copolymers as being amphiphilic molecules and sharing common features with other well-studied amphiphiles will prove beneficial to both the surfactant and the polymer communities. An aim of this book is to bridge the two communities and cross-fertilise the different fields. To this end, leading researchers in the field of amphiphilic block copolymer self-assembly, some having a background in surfactant chemistry, and others with polymer physics roots, have agreed to join forces and contribute to this book.The book consists of four entities. The first part discusses theoretical considerations behind the block copolymer self-assembly in solution and in the melt. The second part provides case studies of self-assembly in different classes of block copolymers (e.g., polyethers, polyelectrolytes) and in different environments (e.g., in water, in non-aqueous solvents, or in the absence of solvents). The third part presents experimental tools, ranging from static (e.g., small angle neutron scattering) to dynamic (e.g., rheology), which can prove valuable in the characterization of block copolymer self-assemblies. The fourth part offers a sampling of current applications of block copolymers in, e.g., formulations, pharmaceutics, and separations, applications which are based on the unique self-assembly properties of block copolymers.
Book Synopsis Update on Polylactide Based Materials by : Minna Hakkarainen
Download or read book Update on Polylactide Based Materials written by Minna Hakkarainen and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polylactides are aliphatic polyesters derived from lactic acid, and various derivatives thereof, and are one of the most promising of polymers based on starting materials available from renewable resources. Materials based on these polymers are at the cutting edge of progress in sustainable materials science. This book provides an overview of the latest developments in a number of aspects of polylactice research. Chapters cover synthesis using novel catalysts and modified monomers, new copolymers, blends of polylactides with other polymers, stereocomplexes and nanocomposites. The information contained therein will be of interest to all involved in the development of polylactides and other polymers based on sustainable resources, with discussions on how to modify and improve these materials to expand their capabilities even further.
Book Synopsis Self Organized Nanostructures of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers II by : Axel H.E. Müller
Download or read book Self Organized Nanostructures of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers II written by Axel H.E. Müller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Block Copolymer Surfactant Mixtures in Aqueous Solution: Can we Achieve Size and Shape Control by Co-Micellization?, by Thomas Hellweg; Non-ionic Thermoresponsive Polymers in Water, by Vladimir Aseyev, Heikki Tenhu and Françoise Winnik; From Coordination Polymers to Hierarchical Self-Assembled Structures, by Yun Yan, Arie de Keizer, Martien A. Cohen Stuart and Nicolaas A. M. Besseling; Processes of Ordered Structure Formation in Polypeptide Thin Film Solutions, by Ioan Botiz, Helmut Schlaad and Günter Reiter; Amphiphilic Polymers at Interfaces, by Katarzyna Kita-Tokarczyk, Mathias Junginger, Serena Belegrinou and Andreas Taubert;
Book Synopsis Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering by : Guang Yang
Download or read book Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering written by Guang Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative introduction to the science and engineering of bioinspired materials Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering offers a comprehensive view of the science and engineering of bioinspired materials and includes a discussion of biofabrication approaches and applications of bioinspired materials as they are fed back to nature in the guise of biomaterials. The authors also review some biological compounds and shows how they can be useful in the engineering of bioinspired materials. With contributions from noted experts in the field, this comprehensive resource considers biofabrication, biomacromolecules, and biomaterials. The authors illustrate the bioinspiration process from materials design and conception to application of bioinspired materials. In addition, the text presents the multidisciplinary aspect of the concept, and contains a typical example of how knowledge is acquired from nature, and how in turn this information contributes to biological sciences, with an accent on biomedical applications. This important resource: Offers an introduction to the science and engineering principles for the development of bioinspired materials Includes a summary of recent developments on biotemplated formation of inorganic materials using natural templates Illustrates the fabrication of 3D-tumor invasion models and their potential application in drug assessments Explores electroactive hydrogels based on natural polymers Contains information on turning mechanical properties of protein hydrogels for biomedical applications Written for chemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers, Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering contains an indispensible resource for an understanding of bioinspired materials science and engineering.
Book Synopsis Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks by : Costas S Patrickios
Download or read book Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks written by Costas S Patrickios and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphiphilic polymer co-networks (APCNs) are a type of polymeric hydrogel, their hydrophobic polymer segments and hydrophilic components produce less aqueous swelling, giving better mechanical properties than conventional hydrogels. This new class of polymers is attracting increasing attention, resulting in further basic research on the system, as well as new applications. This book focuses on new developments in the field of APCNs, and is organised in four sections: synthesis, properties, applications and modelling. Co-network architectures included in the book chapters are mainly those deriving from hydrophobic macro-cross-linkers, representing the classical approach; however, more modern designs are also presented. Properties of interest discussed include aqueous swelling, thermophysical and mechanical properties, self-assembly, electrical actuation, and protein adsorption. Applications described in the book chapters include the use of co-networks as soft contact lenses, scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering, matrices for heterogeneous biocatalysis, and membranes of controllable permeability. Finally, an important theory chapter on the modelling of the self-assembly of APCNs is also included. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in hydrogels, polymer networks, polymer chemistry, block copolymers, self-assembly and nanomaterials, as well as their applications in contact lenses, drug delivery, tissue engineering, membranes and biocatalysis.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Polylactide-block-poly(l-lysine) Block Copolymers by : Liying Wang
Download or read book Synthesis of Polylactide-block-poly(l-lysine) Block Copolymers written by Liying Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polylactide (PLA) is an important biodegradable, biocompatible and renewable material that has been studied for many years for biomedical applications such as tissue scaffolding and surgical sutures. The research project described in this Thesis focused on the synthesis of polylactide-block-polylysine (PLA-b-PLy) amphiphilic block copolymers designed for use in targeted drug delivery systems. Block copolymers with a cleavable, redox-sensitive disulfide bond at the block junction, as well as non-cleavable block copolymers were synthesized for comparison. The molecular weight of the PLA and the PLy blocks in the copolymers was varied, so as to control their hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, and ultimately their self-assembly behavior. A novel redox-sensitive initiator, tert-butyl (2-((2-hydroxyethyl)disulfanyl)ethyl) carbamate, was used to generate the redox-sensitive copolymers, whereas (3-(Boc-amino)-1-propanol served for the non-cleavable systems. The hydroxyl group of these compounds was activated with the non-metallic catalyst 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene/benzoic acid (DBU/BA) to initiate the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide. After the polymerization of lactide and removal of the Boc protecting group at the end of the PLA chain, the free primary amine functionality was used to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of N6-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine N-carboxyanhydride (Z-protected L-lysine NCA monomer). Sample analysis by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that the block copolymers had low polydispersity indices (PDI) and the expected molecular weights. Deprotection of the Z-lysine units of the copolymers was accomplished with HBr, but degradation of the PLA segment could not be avoided under the reaction conditions investigated. It is suggested that future investigations either rely on a different deprotection method for the Z-group, or that a different protecting group be used in the NCA monomer serving to build the PLy block.
Book Synopsis Development of Polylactide-based Reduction-responsive Degradable Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications by : Na Re Ko
Download or read book Development of Polylactide-based Reduction-responsive Degradable Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications written by Na Re Ko and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polylactide (PLA)-based nanomaterials have been extensively explored in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, PLA has two main limitations: hydrophobicity and slow degradation rate. My Ph.D. research focuses on the exploration of potential approaches to circumvent these challenges by synthesis of PLA-based amphiphilic block copolymers (ABPs) with stimuli-responsive degradation (SRD) and these ABPs are used to fabricate novel PLA-based nanomaterials. SRD is highly desirable in the design of multi-functional polymer-based drug delivery systems. SRD involves the incorporation of dynamic covalent bonds into nanomaterials that can be cleaved in response to external stimuli such as light, ultrasound, low pH, and enzymes. This process leads to chemical or physical changes of nanomaterials to enhance the release of therapeutics or tune the morphologies. Reduction-responsive degradation uses disulfide-thiol chemistry. Disulfide linkages are cleaved either in response to a reductive environment or a disulfide-thiol exchange reaction in the presence of thiols. Using this unique system, PLA-based nanomaterials with disulfide linkages can be developed for tumor-targeting drug delivery. Amphiphilic micellar aggregates have attracted much interest as a promising candidate for effective polymeric drug delivery. Micelles are formed through aqueous self-assembly of ABPs consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks. Hydrophobic cores encapsulate hydrophobic therapeutics and the surrounding hydrophilic coronas enhance colloidal stability. Adjusting this unique structure of ABP is a promising strategy for circumventing the hydrophobicity of PLA. Uniformed micelles in the nanoscale size range can prolong the blood residence and minimize side effects, and possess multiple cargos into a single vehicle, allowing multi-functional drug delivery. In this thesis, several reduction-responsive degradable PLA-based ABPs have been reported. They were further used to fabricate various nanomaterials including micellar drug carriers; polyplexes; and nanofibers. These ABPs were synthesized by a combination method of ring opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. Due to their amphiphilic nature, ABPs can be self-assembled to form the micellar platforms possessing hydrophobic therapeutics in the core, which is surrounded with hydrophilic coronas. ABPs with positively charged hydrophilic blocks enable the formation of cationic micellar aggregates. These cationic micelles have subsequently been used as dual delivery carriers of drugs and genes. Furthermore, incorporating dual-located disulfide linkages at both the hydrophobic PLA core and the interface leads to a synergistically enhanced release of encapsulated drugs in cellular environments. Moreover, PLA nanofibers were fabricated via air-spinning technique of high-molecular weight PLAs. Their hydrophobic surface was modified with hydrophilic polymers via facile surface-initiated ATRP. The resulting surface-modified PLA fibers exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity and thermal stability, as well as tunable surface properties upon the cleavage of disulfide linkages. Under a reductive environment, these novel PLA-based nanomaterials are rapidly degraded upon the cleavage of disulfides, leading to controlled release of drugs and genes, as well as change of surface properties. These results suggest the disulfide-labeled PLA-based nanomaterials offer great potential and versatility in biomedical applications.
Book Synopsis Block Copolymers II by : Volker Abetz
Download or read book Block Copolymers II written by Volker Abetz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-02 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . A.J. M ller, V. Balsamo, M.L. Arnal: Nucleation and Crystallization in Diblock and Triblock Copolymers.- 2 J.-F. Gohy: Block Copolymer Micelles.- 3 M.A. Hillmyer: Nanoporous Materials from Block Copolymer Precursors.- 4 M. Li, C. Coenjarts, C.K. Ober: Patternable Block Copolymers.-
Book Synopsis Fluorescence Studies of Polymer Containing Systems by : Karel Procházka
Download or read book Fluorescence Studies of Polymer Containing Systems written by Karel Procházka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the application of fluorescence spectroscopy in polymer research. The first chapters outline the basic principles of the conformational and dynamic behavior of polymers and review the problems of polymer self-assembly. Subsequent chapters introduce the theoretical principles of advanced fluorescence methods and typical examples of their application in polymer science. The book closes with several reviews of various fluorescence applications for studying specific aspects of polymer-solution behavior. It is a useful resource for polymer scientists and experts in fluorescence spectroscopy alike, facilitating their communication and cooperation.
Book Synopsis Crystallisation Driven Self-assembly of Polylactide Containing Block Copolymers Synthesised by Combination of ROP and RAFT. by : Nikolaos Petzetakis
Download or read book Crystallisation Driven Self-assembly of Polylactide Containing Block Copolymers Synthesised by Combination of ROP and RAFT. written by Nikolaos Petzetakis and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 is the main introduction of this work and it features the two main concepts of this study. First living polymerisation techniques are introduced with a special focus into RAFT and ROP. Secondly solution self-assembly is briefly discussed. In Chapter 2 we describe the synthesis of an amphiphilic block copolymer where the two blocks are connected through a reversible bond. A Diels-Alder (DA) adduct consisted of a maleimide-furan pair was chosen as the reversible linker. The solution self-assembly of this polymer was studied by TEM and DLS giving rise to the unexpected formation of cylindrical micelles. In Chapter 3 the main objective was to synthesise new amphiphilic block copolymers without the DA motif in order to investigate their self-assembly behaviour compared to those for DA containing polymers obtained in Chapter 2. To further understand this self-assembly behaviour our method has been extended to the synthesis of other hydrophilic blocks and end group modified polymers. In addition, some key properties of the polymers synthesised have been investigated. In Chapter 4 our main goal is to understand the origins of the cylindrical micelle formation seen in Chapter 2. We investigated the aggregation behaviour under the aqueous thermal conditions in which the PTHPA block hydrolysis is performed. Studies at different concentrations and solvent mixtures provide valuable information regarding the self-assembly mechanism. In addition, the polymers with modified end groups and the triblock copolymers synthesised in Chapter 3 are studied and all the results compared. In Chapter 5 we explore the living crystallisation driven self-assembly of PLA-b- PAA block copolymers in aqueous media towards the formation of cylindrical micelles of controlled length. Interestingly, in many of the unstained TEM images presented in this work the particles demonstrate a non-uniform contrast along their width. This unexpected result is fully investigated in Chapter 6.
Book Synopsis Microwave-assisted Polymer Synthesis by : Richard Hoogenboom
Download or read book Microwave-assisted Polymer Synthesis written by Richard Hoogenboom and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science.The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics.Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned.Readership: Polymer scientists, or scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students
Book Synopsis Development of Dual Stimuli-responsive Degradable Polylactide-based Multifunctional Materials for Drug Delivery by : Kamaljeet Kaur Bawa
Download or read book Development of Dual Stimuli-responsive Degradable Polylactide-based Multifunctional Materials for Drug Delivery written by Kamaljeet Kaur Bawa and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers has contributed to promising advances in the construction of smart nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery systems. Their excellent features such as biodegradability through enzymatic hydrolysis and biocompatibility have led to tremendous applications in the biomedical field. Polylactide (PLA) is a biocompatible and FDA-approved polymer which has been used as hydrophobic core-forming block in drug delivery vehicles. However, hydrophobicity and slow degradation are the two main drawbacks that limits its usage in drug delivery systems. An introduction of stimuli-responsive degradable (SRD) platform into the design of PLA-based polymeric drug delivery systems can overcome these challenges as they can precisely tune drug release kinetics to fit the therapeutic window of the encapsulated drug. However, most of the smart PLA-based block copolymers are designed to respond to a single stimulus and therefore, multi-stimuli responsive degradable systems in which the location, number and type of degradable linkages can be varied needs to be developed. My PhD research was focused on the studies of dual stimuli-responsive degradation (DSRD) platform to synthesize advanced PLA-based nanomaterials. They were featured with different types and location of labile linkages, that cleaved in response to biological stimuli found in cancer cells and tumor tissues. In this thesis, I had developed robust strategies that allowed for the synthesis of three novel PLA-based SRD copolymers designed with a) reduction-responsive disulfide linkage and b) an acid-labile linkage. These synthetic strategies utilized a combination of ring opening polymerization (ROP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and facile coupling reactions. The results demonstrated the feasibility to design and synthesize smart DSRD-based block copolymers which self-assemble to form colloidally-stable micellar aggregates and encapsulate hydrophobic dyes or drugs in the hydrophobic cores. Furthermore, the SRD-driven enhanced/controlled release of loaded cargoes suggested that DSRD strategy can offer the versatility and hold great potential in the development of intracellular drug delivery nanocarriers.
Book Synopsis New Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)-based Copolymers by : Ghislaine Barouti
Download or read book New Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)-based Copolymers written by Ghislaine Barouti and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphiphilic block copolymers are able to form self-assembled systems in aqueous solution by association of their hydrophobic segments. Nanoparticles formed from biodegradable and biocompatible polymers such as poly(hydroxyalkanoate) copolymers are particularly attractive for drug delivery applications. The relationship between the chemical structure/composition of the macromolecule, its self-assembly properties and its effect on cells in-vitro has to be studied.The synthesis of poly(-malic acid)-b-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PMLA-b-PHB), PMLA-b-PHB-b-PMLA, and poly(trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(-malic acid) (PTMC-b-PMLA) was established through the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the corresponding monomers followed by hydrogenolysis. A range of well-defined copolymers characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, HSQC, HMBC, DOSY NMR spectroscopy, SEC, DSC, TGA, contact angle analyses, with tunable hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance were thus obtained through the precise control of the hydrophilic weight fraction f (11-82%). Tunable self-assembled systems were obtained by nanoprecipitation of the amphiphilic PHA-based copolymers without the use of a surfactant. Large aggregates and core-shell micelles (Rh = 16-335nm) were obtained depending on the polymer topology. PHB-based copolymers with f up to 50% formed highly stable micelles at 37 °C over a period of 10 days in aqueous solution. PMLA-b-PHB as well as PTMC-b-PMLA copolymers revealed no acute in-vitro cytotoxicity. The use of PHB as hydrophobic segment enabled to minimize the non-specific scavenging by macrophages cells while the cellular uptake by hepatocytes was favored.
Book Synopsis The Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene Oxide)-block-poly(octadecyl Acrylate) Block Copolymers by : Yi Wang (Polymer engineer)
Download or read book The Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene Oxide)-block-poly(octadecyl Acrylate) Block Copolymers written by Yi Wang (Polymer engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of well-defined poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PEO-b-PODA) diblock copolymers were successfully synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization with low polydispersities (M[subscript w]/M[subscript n] = 1.09-1.13). The crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PEO-b-PODA) diblock copolymers has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The melt morphology of PEO455-PODA19 experienced a transition from lamella to cylinder at 130°C. For the double crystalline block copolymer PEO455-PODA19, the micro-phase separation at 55°C created lamellar micro-domains, which confined the PEO blocks as it crystallized. The leading crystallization of PEO blocks then created a space that confined PODA crystallites as they are developed. The spherulites were formed first when PEO started to crystallize, but crystallites with polyhedral shape finally formed. As for the micelle behavior, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that amphiphilic block copolymers PEO-PODA with different volume fractions of hydrophobic PODA blocks ranging from 21% to 54%, were able to self-assemble in water forming spherical micelles.
