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Author : Marek Dąbrowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788371782909
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (829 download)
Download or read book Political determinants of economic reforms in former communist countries written by Marek Dąbrowski and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marek Dabrowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Political Determinants of Economic Reforms in Former Communist Countries written by Marek Dabrowski and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of the first decade of economic transition are very uneven and are distributed according to a sub-regional pattern. The group of 'leading reformers' consists of middle-income countries of democratic capitalism of the Central Europe and Baltic region (CEB). The second group of less advanced reformers includes mainly lower- and lower-middle-income countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) where both capitalism and democracy are still immature and sometimes heavily distorted. This differentiation can be explained mainly by the adopted transition strategies and political factors determining them. Also the perspective of the European integration has played an important leveraging role. Fast reforms allowed for shortening the period of a temporary system vacuum, breaking down the inertia of the old system, and exploiting maximally the initial political window of opportunity. The ability of individual countries to follow the effective (i.e. fast) reform strategy was determined by the scale of the initial political changes and further developments in the sphere of institutional and political reform. Generally, a very strong correlation between the progress in political and economic reforms could be observed. Looking at the role of specific institutional solutions one must underline the advantage of the parliamentary or parliamentary-presidential regime over the presidential or presidential-parliamentary system. The former helped to build the transparent and relatively stable system of the political parties while the latter contributed to political fragmentation, irresponsible legislature and oligarchic capitalism.
Author : Jan Winiecki
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136462430
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)
Download or read book Political Economy of Reform and Change (Routledge Revivals) written by Jan Winiecki and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1997, this collection of articles and essays analyses the political economy of reform and change in Eastern Europe during the years of Gorbachev’s perestroika and the years immediately following the fall of the Berlin wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Written by Polish economist Jan Winiecki, between 1984 and 1996, this work explores the issue of the feasibility of reform and change during the period of decline and collapse of communist economic order and, later, the emergence of the capitalist economic order in the post-communist Eastern Europe. Split into three parts, the work considers firstly the failures of Gorbachev’s political economy of reform, secondly the determining factors in the collapse of the Soviet system, and finally the feasibility of the systematic change which began in the wake of its collapse.
Author : Ole Nørgaard
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781782541493
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (414 download)
Download or read book Economic Institutions and Democratic Reform written by Ole Nørgaard and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book will be essential and challenging reading for political scientists and economists as well as policymakers in NGOs. such as aid agencies and the institutions of the EU."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Bernard Chavance
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000306429
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book The Transformation Of Communist Systems written by Bernard Chavance and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the confrontation between the two main economic systems that has marked the twentieth century, capitalism has been declared the winner–by default– over its adversary, socialism. Today, establishing a market economy has become the primary goal of the formerly socialist countries. The history of economic reform helps explain this remarkable turning point. Attempts to improve the old centralized system by expanding enterprise autonomy (in Poland, the Soviet Union, and East Germany) and more radical reforms that limited the role of central planning (in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and China) encountered social and political obstacles or had unexpected and undesired effects. During the 1980s, the idea of a socialist market economy, which had been seen as a "third way" between capitalism and centralized socialism, was abandoned as economists gradually came to support a free market rather than the dogma of planning. Through a comparative and historical analysis of change in socialist and post-socialist systems, this timely and original book clarifies the policies and pitfalls in this extraordinary transition. Bernard Chavance provides a succinct introduction and analysis of the politics and economics of Eastern Europe from the creation of the Stalinist system in the Soviet Union through what he argues have been three major waves of reform since the 1950s to the dismantling of most socialist governments in the 1990s. Exploring the link between the one-party regime and the growing rigidity of socialist economic systems, the author analyzes the failure of both incremental and radical reforms to adapt to new economic challenges, thus leading to the ultimate collapse of communist regimes in Europe.
Author : Minxin PEI
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674041976
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)
Download or read book From Reform to Revolution written by Minxin PEI and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive effort to compare the recent political experiences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People's Republic of China by tracing their overlapping and diverging paths of regime change.
Author : Paul Hare
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135080860
Total Pages : 683 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition written by Paul Hare and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition from central planning to a market economy, involving large-scale institutional change and reforms at all levels, is often described as the greatest social science experiment in modern times. As more than two decades have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is now an excellent time to take stock of how the transition process has turned out for the economies that have moved on from socialism and the command economy. This new handbook assembles a team of leading experts, many of whom were closely involved in the transition process as policymakers and policy advisors, to explore the major themes that have characterized the transition process. After identifying the nature of initial conditions and the strengths and weaknesses of institutions, the varying paths and reforms countries have taken are fully analyzed – from the shock therapy, privatization or gradualism of the early years to the burning issues of the present including global integration and sustainable growth. Topics covered include the socialist system pre-transition, economic reforms, institutions, the political economy of transition, performance and growth, enterprise restructuring, and people and transition. The country coverage is also extensive, from the former socialist countries of the USSR and the satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe to the Asian countries of China, Vietnam and others. The rise of China as a key actor in the drama is chronicled, along with the emergence of a new, more confident, oil-rich Russia. The comparative prosperity of the Central European countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic is contrasted with the mixed fortunes of the former USSR, where some countries are stagnating while others boom. This Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition is the definitive guide to this new order of things in the former Communist world.
Author : Marek Dabrowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Russia written by Marek Dabrowski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to analyze the course, determinants and political economy of economic reforms in Russia conducted in the period 1985-2003. The year 1985 can be considered an important turning point in Soviet/Russian history, marked as it was by the election of Mikhail Gorbachev to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPSU) and (de facto) leader of the USSR. This nomination brought an end to two decades of political consolidation of the communist regime connected with the name of General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and his short living successors (Yurii Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko), often referred to ex post as 'the stagnation period' (vremya zastoya). Gorbachev initiated a series of important political and (to a lesser extent) economic reforms, which led eventually to the collapse of the communist regime and the disintegration of the Soviet empire in 1991. Thus, 1991 must be seen as another dramatic turning point in Russia's contemporary history. From the end of 1991 onwards political and economic reforms have been carried out by the new Russian state that emerged after the disintegration of the USSR. This paper aims to explain the political and institutional determinants of economic reforms in the Russian Federation. It has been carried out under the Global Research Project on 'Understanding Reforms' organized and financed by the Global Development Network (GDN)1 as one of 30 country studies covering a broad set of developing and transition economies. It presents the project's intermediate results and will be the subject of further discussion as well as analytical and editorial work in the near future. The case of Russia is very important and interesting from the point of view of GRP 'Understanding Reforms' goals and agenda, for many reasons. First, all transitions from communist regimes and centrally-planned economies to democratic capitalism represent a much more complex, complicated and difficult reform experience than policy reforms observed in developing countries, especially when they relate to just one or a few specific policy areas. Thus, learning the transition experience, particularly in its early phase, can provide an extremely valuable empirical input to 'understanding reform' and provide answers to the project's key questions: 'why reform?', 'what reform?', and 'how well did the reform perform?'
Author : Ivan Pavletic
Publisher : vdf Hochschulverlag AG
ISBN 13 : 3728132969
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Political Competition, Economic Reform and Growth written by Ivan Pavletic and published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG. This book was released on 2010 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Which political and institutional factors trigger reforms that enable the poor to benefit from the process of economic growth? How can the incentives of policy makers be influenced in order to achieve such a dynamic? These are the questions this study seeks to address by examining the transition process in post-communist countries. The author argues that political competition within an accepted and respected institutional environment has been a driving force in shaping the direction and success of transition reforms. Evidence shows that in countries with a sufficient degree of political competition, citizens responded to economic crises by calling for economic liberalization. Economic liberalization removed existing distortions, increased economic efficiency and raised public welfare. This activated a dynamic, self-enforcing reform process that also strengthened the political and economic power of the poor. In the absence of political competition, such a process failed to emerge, thereby contributing to the persistence of poverty. Based on these findings, there is good reason to postulate that some level of political competition is essential for transition reforms to improve economic efficiency and public welfare in a sustainable manner.
Author : Stanislaw Gomulka
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349106682
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (491 download)
Download or read book Economic Reforms in the Socialist World written by Stanislaw Gomulka and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-11-13 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reform ideas originated in Eastern Europe, and the results of reform experiments there, as well as in China and the USSR, can now be compared and evaluated. The essays in this important volume aim to accomplish this task. The authors are economists as well as political scientists, of whom several are prominent reform theorists from the socialist countries themselves. In this book the authors analyse policy debates, reform proposals and factors influencing the scope of the reforms; assess the economic and social effects, actual or potential, of the reforms in China and Eastern Europe, and the proposed reforms in the USSR; and interpret recent developments in socialist-oriented developing countries.
Author : Carmelo Mesa-Lago
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (49 download)
Download or read book Comparative Socialist Systems written by Carmelo Mesa-Lago and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthology of essays comprising a comparison of politics and economics in socialist countries. Covers (1) theory, (incl. social indicators, classification schemes and models), (2) comparative political systems in Eastern Europe (incl. political parties, bureaucracy, cultural factors), (3) socialist economic systems (incl. aspects of the planned economy, trade, industrial policy, etc.), and (4) a view of the future.
Author : Hubert Gabrisch
Publisher : Westview Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Economic Reforms In Eastern Europe And The Soviet Union written by Hubert Gabrisch and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter Gey
Publisher : Westview Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Crisis And Reform In Socialist Economies written by Peter Gey and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1987-06-15 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Franklyn D. Holzman
Publisher : New York : Basic Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book International Trade Under Communism written by Franklyn D. Holzman and published by New York : Basic Books. This book was released on 1976 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : János Kornai
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262111980
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Highway and Byways written by János Kornai and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hungarian economist Janos Kornai first used the metaphor of a single path to postsocialist transition in his earlier book, The Road to a Free Economy. The new metaphor that frames this collection of eight recent studies reflects a broader perspective and understanding of the complexities of transition: every highway and byway leads eventually to capitalism, Kornai observes, but to what kind, how fast, and at what cost? Who wins and who loses? Kornai draws from his experiences of Hungarian reform as well as from countries of the former Soviet Union to make several major points. The first three studies describe what went wrong in countries that tried to mix elements of planned and market economies. Efforts made by communist countries to introduce market socialism (the "middle road") contained an inherent contradiction between the logic of socialism and the logic of a free enterprise system, and were doomed to failure. In the studies that follow, Kornai analyzes the on-going dilemmas. The transition from communism to free enterprise is filled with daunting hurdles; it requires no less than redefining ownership, changing values concerning the distribution of wealth, transferring the control of political power, creating financial institutions and enforcing financial discipline, and making deep economic sacrifice. Kornai closes with an overall survey of postsocialist transition, describing the stages that countries tend to go through, that will be particularly useful to scholars of comparative economic systems.
Author : Leszek Balcerowicz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Post-Communist Transition written by Leszek Balcerowicz and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post-communist transition in Europe and the former Soviet Union is one of the most important transformations in modern history. Changes were exceptionally large and it was not only political and economic systems which were affected: there were changes in social structures, new territorial boundaries in some cases had to be established and new institutions had to be constructed. Moreover, market-oriented reforms were introduced under democratic regimes. Leszek Balcerowicz, President of the National Bank of Poland and former Deputy Prime Minister of Poland, one of the leading reformers in eastern Europe, discusses the varying outcomes of transitions in different countries, showing that it was policies, more than initial conditions, which produced the differences. He argues that the larger the scope of market-oriented reforms the better the performance in terms of growth, low inflation and environmental improvement. The presence of competent and determined reformers has also been a crucial factor in successful transformations.
Author : Peter J. Boettke
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 0415085144
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Why Perestroika Failed written by Peter J. Boettke and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gorbachev's reforms brought high hopes in the West and empty shelves in the East. Why Perestroika Failed argues that successful reform is only possible on the basis of a sound understanding of market and political processes. Using an Austrian market process approach to analyse the economics of the Soviet system, and a public choice one to sound understanding of market and political address the political dimension, Boettke argues that Gorbachev's reforms were always destined to fail. In part perestroika failed because it was never really implemented. But nonetheless, even if all the major proposals and decrees had been scrupulously adhered to, they would not have produced the structural changes necessary to revive the former Soviet economy. Knowing why perestroika failed is crucially important as the former Soviet republics and East and Central Europe try and chart a new course.
