Polish Essays In The Methodology Of The Social Sciences

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Polish Essays in the Methodology of the Social Sciences

Author : J. Wiatr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400993536
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Polish Essays in the Methodology of the Social Sciences by : J. Wiatr

Download or read book Polish Essays in the Methodology of the Social Sciences written by J. Wiatr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern philosophy has benefited immensely from the intelligence, and sensitivity, the creative and critical energies, and the lucidity of Polish scholars. Their investigations into the logical and methodological foundations of mathematics, the physical and biological sciences, ethics and esthetics, psychology, linguistics, economics and jurisprudence, and the social science- all are marked by profound and imaginative work. To the centers of empiricist philosophy of science in Vienna, Berlin and Cambridge during the first half of this century, one always added the great school of analytic and methodol ogical studies in Warsaw and Lwow. To the world centers of Marxist theoretical practice in Berlin, Moscow, Paris, Rome and elsewhere, one must add the Poland of the same era, from Ludwik Krzywicki (1859-1941) onward. American socialists and economists will remember the careful work of Oscar Lange, working among us for many years and then after 1945 in Warsaw, always humane, logical, objective. In this volume, our friend and colleague, Jerzy J. Wiatr, has assembled a representative set of recent essays by Polish social scientists and philosophers. Each of these might lead the reader far beyond this book, to look into the Polish Sociological Bulletin which has been publishing Polish sociological studies in English for several decades, to study other translations of books and papers by these authors, and to reflect upon the interplay of logical, phenomenological, Marxist, empiricist and historical learning in modern Polish social understanding.

Polish Essays in the Methodology of the Social Sciences

Author : J. Wiatr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789400993549
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Polish Essays in the Methodology of the Social Sciences by : J. Wiatr

Download or read book Polish Essays in the Methodology of the Social Sciences written by J. Wiatr and published by . This book was released on 1979-04-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

(Over)Interpreting Wittgenstein

Author : A. Biletzki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940070822X
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis (Over)Interpreting Wittgenstein by : A. Biletzki

Download or read book (Over)Interpreting Wittgenstein written by A. Biletzki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the story of Wittgenstein interpretation during the past eighty years. It provides different interpretations, chronologies, developments, and controversies. It aims to discover the motives and motivations behind the philosophical community's project of interpreting Wittgenstein. It will prove valuable to philosophers, scholars, interpreters, students, and specialists, in both analytic and continental philosophy.

Refined Verisimilitude

Author : S.D. Zwart
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402002687
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Refined Verisimilitude by : S.D. Zwart

Download or read book Refined Verisimilitude written by S.D. Zwart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is unique in its kind, giving as it does an independent and self-contained introduction to the eight prominent verisimilitude proposals that make up the verisimilitude literature after the breakdown of Popper's definition in 1974. The author brings them together by comparing the ways in which they order propositional formulae. Using this method, he shows that the distinction of content and likeness definitions partitions the entire field of investigation. In addition, it is shown that the weak content definitions can be strengthened by incorporating considerations of similarity between possible worlds. The resulting refined verisimilitude definition has many desirable properties. For instance, it is the first qualitative proposal that evades the problem of truth-value dependence. In addition, in chapter five the often discussed and misunderstood problem of "language dependency" is solved. The book will be of interest to those working in the fields of logic, epistemology, philosophy of science, and (computational) linguistics.

Shapes of Forms

Author : L. Albertazzi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401729905
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Shapes of Forms by : L. Albertazzi

Download or read book Shapes of Forms written by L. Albertazzi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: impossible triangle, after apprehension of the perceptively given mode of being of that 'object', the visual system assumes that all three sides touch on all three sides, whereas this happens on only one side. In fact, the sides touch only optically, because they are separate in depth. In Meinong's words, Penrose's triangle has been inserted in an 'objective', or in what we would today call a "cognitive schema". Re-examination of the Graz school's theory, as said, sheds light on several problems concerning the theory of perception, and, as Luccio points out in his contribution to this book, it helps to eliminate a number of over-simplistic commonplaces, such as the identification of the cognitivist notion of 'top down' with Wertheimer's 'von oben unten', and of 'bottom up' with his 'von unten nach oben'. In fact, neither Hochberg's and Gregory's 'concept-driven' perception nor Gibson's 'data-driven' perception coincide with the original conception of the Gestalt.

The Growth of Mathematical Knowledge

Author : Emily Grosholz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401595585
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Growth of Mathematical Knowledge by : Emily Grosholz

Download or read book The Growth of Mathematical Knowledge written by Emily Grosholz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics has stood as a bridge between the Humanities and the Sciences since the days of classical antiquity. For Plato, mathematics was evidence of Being in the midst of Becoming, garden variety evidence apparent even to small children and the unphilosophical, and therefore of the highest educational significance. In the great central similes of The Republic it is the touchstone ofintelligibility for discourse, and in the Timaeus it provides in an oddly literal sense the framework of nature, insuring the intelligibility ofthe material world. For Descartes, mathematical ideas had a clarity and distinctness akin to the idea of God, as the fifth of the Meditations makes especially clear. Cartesian mathematicals are constructions as well as objects envisioned by the soul; in the Principles, the work ofthe physicist who provides a quantified account ofthe machines of nature hovers between description and constitution. For Kant, mathematics reveals the possibility of universal and necessary knowledge that is neither the logical unpacking ofconcepts nor the record of perceptual experience. In the Critique ofPure Reason, mathematics is one of the transcendental instruments the human mind uses to apprehend nature, and by apprehending to construct it under the universal and necessary lawsofNewtonian mechanics.

History and Philosophy of Constructive Type Theory

Author : Giovanni Sommaruga
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401593930
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis History and Philosophy of Constructive Type Theory by : Giovanni Sommaruga

Download or read book History and Philosophy of Constructive Type Theory written by Giovanni Sommaruga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of Martin-Löf's constructive type theory, considerable parts of which have only been presented by Martin-Löf in lecture form or as part of conference talks. Sommaruga surveys the prehistory of type theory and its highly complex development through eight different stages from 1970 to 1995. He also provides a systematic presentation of the latest version of the theory, as offered by Martin-Löf at Leiden University in Fall 1993. This presentation gives a fuller and updated account of the system. Earlier, brief presentations took no account of the issues related to the type-theoretical approach to logic and the foundations of mathematics, while here they are accorded an entire part of the book. Readership: Comprehensive accounts of the history and philosophy of constructive type theory and a considerable amount of related material. Readers need a solid background in standard logic and a first, basic acquaintance with type theory.

In Search of a New Humanism

Author : M.R. Egidi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401718520
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis In Search of a New Humanism by : M.R. Egidi

Download or read book In Search of a New Humanism written by M.R. Egidi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays presents a systematic and up-to-date survey of the main aspects of Georg Henrik von Wright's philosophy, tracing the general humanistic leitmotiv to be found in his vast, varied output. The analysis covers the developments in Von Wright's thought up to the end of the 1990s. The essays are arranged thematically to focus on the chief areas of Von Wright's interests: practical rationality; human action and determinism; philosophical logic and theories of norms; research in the analytical tradition; and Wittgenstein studies. Readership: Scholars and students of moral philosophy, logic, psychology, sociology, cognitive science and the history of contemporary philosophy.

The Limits of Logical Empiricism

Author : Alfons Keupink
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140204299X
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Limits of Logical Empiricism by : Alfons Keupink

Download or read book The Limits of Logical Empiricism written by Alfons Keupink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects some of the most significant papers of Arthur Pap. Pap’s work played an important role in the development of the analytic tradition. This goes beyond the merely historical fact of Pap’s influential views of dispositional and modal concepts. Pap's writings in philosophy of science, modality, and philosophy of mathematics provide insightful alternative perspectives on philosophical problems of current interest.

A Boole Anthology

Author : James Gasser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940159385X
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis A Boole Anthology by : James Gasser

Download or read book A Boole Anthology written by James Gasser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern mathematical logic would not exist without the analytical tools first developed by George Boole in The Mathematical Analysis of Logic and The Laws of Thought. The influence of the Boolean school on the development of logic, always recognised but long underestimated, has recently become a major research topic. This collection is the first anthology of works on Boole. It contains two works published in 1865, the year of Boole's death, but never reprinted, as well as several classic studies of recent decades and ten original contributions appearing here for the first time. From the programme of the English Algebraic School to Boole's use of operator methods, from the problem of interpretability to that of psychologism, a full range of issues is covered. The Boole Anthology is indispensable to Boole studies and will remain so for years to come.

Reuniting the Antipodes - Constructive and Nonstandard Views of the Continuum

Author : Peter Schuster
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940159757X
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Reuniting the Antipodes - Constructive and Nonstandard Views of the Continuum by : Peter Schuster

Download or read book Reuniting the Antipodes - Constructive and Nonstandard Views of the Continuum written by Peter Schuster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At first glance, Robinson's original form of nonstandard analysis appears nonconstructive in essence, because it makes a rather unrestricted use of classical logic and set theory and, in particular, of the axiom of choice. Recent developments, however, have given rise to the hope that the distance between constructive and nonstandard mathematics is actually much smaller than it appears. So the time was ripe for the first meeting dedicated simultaneously to both ways of doing mathematics – and to the current and future reunion of these seeming opposites. Consisting of peer-reviewed research and survey articles written on the occasion of such an event, this volume offers views of the continuum from various standpoints. Including historical and philosophical issues, the topics of the contributions range from the foundations, the practice, and the applications of constructive and nonstandard mathematics, to the interplay of these areas and the development of a unified theory.

Philosophical Lectures on Probability

Author : Bruno de Finetti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402082010
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Lectures on Probability by : Bruno de Finetti

Download or read book Philosophical Lectures on Probability written by Bruno de Finetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-20 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) is the founder of the subjective interpretation of probability, together with the British philosopher Frank Plumpton Ramsey. His related notion of “exchangeability” revolutionized the statistical methodology. This book (based on a course held in 1979) explains in a language accessible also to non-mathematicians the fundamental tenets and implications of subjectivism, according to which the probability of any well specified fact F refers to the degree of belief actually held by someone, on the ground of her whole knowledge, on the truth of the assertion that F obtains.

Trading Ontology for Ideology

Author : L. Decock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402008658
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Trading Ontology for Ideology by : L. Decock

Download or read book Trading Ontology for Ideology written by L. Decock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-09-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000) was probably the most influential American philosopher of the twentieth century. In Trading Ontology for Ideology Lieven Decock offers an insightful analysis of the development of Quine's ontological views from his first texts in the early thirties onwards. The importance of Quine's work in logic and set theory for his ontology is highlighted. Decock argues that the tenet of extensionalism is at least as important as naturalism, and assesses the relation between the two. The other focus of the work is the relation between ontology, i.e. what there is, and ideology, i.e. what can be expressed by means of words. Decock shows that the interplay between ontology and ideology is far more complicated and interesting than has generally been assumed.

Scientific Progress

Author : Craig Dilworth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401729662
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Progress by : Craig Dilworth

Download or read book Scientific Progress written by Craig Dilworth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring the Gestalt Model and the Perspectivist conception of science, this book is unique in its non-relativistic development of the idea that successive scientific theories are logically incommensurable. This edition includes four new appendices in which the central ideas of the book are applied to subatomic physics, the distinction between laws and theories, the relation between absolute and relative conceptions of space, and the environmental issue of sustainable development.

Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher

Author : P. Humphreys
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792328629
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (286 download)

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Book Synopsis Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher by : P. Humphreys

Download or read book Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher written by P. Humphreys and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-09-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of language, logic, and philosophical psychology. Suppes's suggestions that quantum theory requires a rethinking of classical logic form a particularly sharp account of that controversial thesis, and Part VI deals with this issue together with topics in the philosophy of language and logic, including relational grammars and anaphora. Part VII deals with issues in psychology, action theory, and robotics, while Part VIII concludes with a general survey of Suppes's views in the philosophy of science. A comprehensive chronological and topical bibliography of Suppes's writings is included in this volume. For philosophers of language, theoretical linguists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sciences, and philosophers of science.

Theoretical Knowledge

Author : Vyacheslav S. Stepin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402030460
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Theoretical Knowledge by : Vyacheslav S. Stepin

Download or read book Theoretical Knowledge written by Vyacheslav S. Stepin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-13 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Theoretical Knowledge an original conception of a structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge is proposed. A detailed analysis of the foundations of science performed by the author allowed him to develop new ideas and approaches, to demonstrate how sociocultural factors are incorporated in the process of yielding of new theories. He shows direct and inverse links between foundations of science and new theories and empirical facts evolved from those, how among many potentially possible histories of science a culture selects just those directions which become a real history of science. The author analyses mechanisms of the generation of scientific theories and shows that those are changed in the process of historical development of science. He displays three historical types of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical, which appears in modern science) and shows features of their coexistence and interplay. It is shown that along with the emerging of post-non-classical rationality science increases the sphere of its worldview applications. Science begins to correlate not only with the basic values of technogenic civilization but also with some values and patterns of traditional cultures. The investigation is based on the extensive literature on the history of natural and social sciences. The reader will find in the book authentic historical reconstructions of the processes of the development of classical and quantum electrodynamics, relativity, and conceptions of evolution in biology.

Language, Mind, and Art

Author : D. Jamieson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401583137
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Language, Mind, and Art by : D. Jamieson

Download or read book Language, Mind, and Art written by D. Jamieson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of essays in honor of Paul Ziff written by his col leagues, students, and friends. Many of the authors address topics that Ziff has discussed in his writings: understanding, rules and regularities, proper names, the feelings of machines, expression, and aesthetic experience. Paul Ziff began his professional career as an artist, went on to study painting with J. M. Hanson at Cornell, and then studied for the Ph. D. in philosophy, also at Cornell, with Max Black. Over the next three decades he produced a series of remarkable papers in philosophy of art, culminating in 1984 with the publica tion of Antiaesthetics: An Appreciation of the Cow with the Subtile Nose. In 1960 he published Semantic Analysis, his masterwork in philosophy of lan guage. Throughout his career he made important contributions to philosophy of mind in such papers as "The Simplicity of Other Minds" (1965) and "About Behaviourism" (1958). In addition to his work in these areas, his lec tures at Harvard on philosophy of religion are an underground classic; and throughout his career he has continued to make art and to search for the meaning of life in the properties of prime numbers. Although his interests are wide and deep, questions about language, art, and mind have dominated his philosophical work, and it is problems in these areas that provide the topics of most of the essays in this volume.