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Plant Population Dynamics Under Climate Change
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Book Synopsis Plant Population Dynamics Under Climate Change by : Robin Roxanne Decker
Download or read book Plant Population Dynamics Under Climate Change written by Robin Roxanne Decker and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate-driven environmental changes influence the spatial spread, persistence, and community dynamics of plant populations. Ecological theory has focused on determining which populations will persist and spread in response to these changes and how they will do so. I build on this theory by investigating how climate change affects the mechanisms that influence the spread of invasions, how structured plant populations keep pace with climate change, and if communities of native plants can recover after a biological invasion in the face of climate change. First, I develop a spatial population model to investigate how climate change affects the spread of ecosystem engineers, which are organisms that change the availability of resources in their environment. I apply this model to salt marsh grasses, which engineer their environment by increasing marsh elevation via sediment accumulation. I find that climate-driven sea-level rise reverses the conditions that promote the spread of these ecosystem engineers. Next, I develop a spatial model of a stage-structured plant population, which shifts in response to climate change. I use this model to determine if older trees left behind when the habitat shifts play any ecological role in the population. I find that these zombie forests are critical to the persistence of the population, dispersing seeds into the core population as it moves. Finally, I investigate how a series of extreme climate events, including drought, fire, and extreme precipitation, affect the ability of native plant communities to recover after removal of an invasive species. Analyzing seven years of field data, I find that the recovery of native plant communities after invader removal is resilient to major climate perturbations. Together, these studies identify conditions and mechanisms that limit the spread of plant invasions and promote the persistence of vulnerable plant populations in the face of climate change.
Book Synopsis Plants and Climate Change by : Jelte Rozema
Download or read book Plants and Climate Change written by Jelte Rozema and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on how climate affects or affected the biosphere and vice versa both in the present and in the past. The chapters describe how ecosystems from the Antarctic and Arctic, and from other latitudes, respond to global climate change. The papers highlight plant responses to atmospheric CO2 increase, to global warming and to increased ultraviolet-B radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion.
Book Synopsis Tropical Tree Physiology by : Guillermo Goldstein
Download or read book Tropical Tree Physiology written by Guillermo Goldstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest information on tropical tree physiology, making it a valuable research tool for a wide variety of researchers. It is also of general interest to ecologists (e.g. Ecological Society of America; > 3000 or 4000 members at annual meeting), physiologists (e.g. American Society of Plant Biologists; > 2,000 members at annual meeting), and tropical biologists (e.g. Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, ATBC; > 500 members at annual meeting). (American Geophysical Union(AGU), > 20000 members at annual meeting). Since plant physiology is taught at every university that offers a life sciences, forestry or agricultural program, and physiology is a focus at research institutes and agencies worldwide, the book is a must-have for university and research institution libraries.
Book Synopsis Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States by : Therese M. Poland
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Drivers of Plant Population Dynamics in Three Arid to Subhumid Ecosystems by : Luke J. Zachmann
Download or read book Drivers of Plant Population Dynamics in Three Arid to Subhumid Ecosystems written by Luke J. Zachmann and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the relative importance of density-dependent and density-independent factors in driving population dynamics is one of the oldest challenges in ecology, and may play a critical role in predicting the effects of climate change on populations. We used long-term observational data to describe patterns in plant population regulation for 57 forb and grass species from three different ecosystems (arid desert grassland, semiarid sagebrush steppe, and subhumid mixed-grass prairie). Using a hierarchical partitioning approach, we (i) quantified the relative influence of conspecific density, heterospecific composition, and climate on temporal variation in population growth rates, and (ii) asked how the relative importance of these drivers depends on site aridity, species growth form and life expectancy, and abundance and spatial patterns. The data from one of the sites in this analysis are presented in one of the chapters of this thesis. We found that density-dependence had the strongest effect on species. Climate often had a significant effect, but its strength depended on growth form. Community composition rarely explained significant variation in growth rates. The relative importance of density, composition, and climate did not vary among sites, but was related to species' life histories: compared to forbs, grasses were more sensitive to climate drivers. Abundance and spatial clustering were negatively correlated with the importance of density dependence, suggesting that local rarity is a consequence of self-limitation. Our results show that interspecific interactions play a weaker role than intraspecific interactions and climate variability in regulating plant populations. Forecasting the impacts of climate change on populations may require understanding how changes in climate variables will affect the strength of density-dependence, especially for rare species.
Book Synopsis The Environmental Implications of Population Dynamics by : Lori M. Hunter
Download or read book The Environmental Implications of Population Dynamics written by Lori M. Hunter and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2000 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the relationship between population and environmental change, the forces that mediate this relationship, and how population dynamics specifically affect climate change and land-use change.
Book Synopsis Seed Dispersal and Frugivory by : Douglas John Levey
Download or read book Seed Dispersal and Frugivory written by Douglas John Levey and published by CABI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on the historical and theoretical perspectives of biodiversity and ecology in tropical forests, plant and animal behaviour towards seed dispersal and plant-animal interactions within forest communities, consequences of seed dispersal, and conservation, biodiversity and management.
Book Synopsis Forest Health Under Climate Change: Effects on Tree Resilience, and Pest and Pathogen Dynamics by : Riikka Linnakoski
Download or read book Forest Health Under Climate Change: Effects on Tree Resilience, and Pest and Pathogen Dynamics written by Riikka Linnakoski and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tropical Alpine Environments by : Philip W. Rundel
Download or read book Tropical Alpine Environments written by Philip W. Rundel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants growing in tropical alpine environments (at altitudes above the closed canopy forest and below the limit of plant life) have evolved distinct forms to cope with a hostile environment characterized by cold, drought and fire. Unlike temperate alpine environments, where there are distinct seasons of favourable and unfavourable conditions for growth, tropical alpine habitats present summer conditions every day and winter conditions every night. Using examples from all over the tropics, this fascinating account reviews, for the first time, the unique form and functional relationships of tropical alpine plants examining both their physiological ecology and population biology. It will appeal to anyone interested in tropical vegetation and plant physiological adaptations to hostile environment, as well as to researchers in biogeography and ecology.
Book Synopsis Population and Climate Change by : Brian C. O'Neill
Download or read book Population and Climate Change written by Brian C. O'Neill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population and Climate Change provides the first systematic in-depth treatment of links between two major themes of the 21st century: population growth (and associated demographic trends such as aging) and climate change. It is written by a multidisciplinary team of authors from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis who integrate both natural science and social science perspectives in a way that is comprehensible to members of both communities. The book will be of primary interest to researchers in the fields of climate change, demography, and economics. It will also be useful to policy-makers and NGOs dealing with issues of population dynamics and climate change, and to teachers and students in courses such as environmental studies, demography, climatology, economics, earth systems science, and international relations.
Book Synopsis Plants in Changing Environments by : F. A. Bazzaz
Download or read book Plants in Changing Environments written by F. A. Bazzaz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-10-13 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forces of nature and human intervention lead to innumerable local, regional and sometimes global changes in plant community patterns. Regardless of the causes and the intensity of change, ecosystems are often naturally able to recover most of their attributes through natural succession. In this thoughtful and provocative new book, Fakhri Bazzaz integrates and synthesizes information on how disturbance changes the environment, how species function, coexist, and share or compete for resources in populations and communities, and how species replace each other over successional time. It illustrates how a diverse array of plant species have been used to examine fundamental questions in plant ecology by integrating physiological, population and community ecology. Graduate students and research workers in plant ecology, global change, conservation and restoration will find the perspective and analysis offered by this book an exciting contribution to the development of our understanding of plant successional change.
Book Synopsis Population Viability in Plants by : Christy A. Brigham
Download or read book Population Viability in Plants written by Christy A. Brigham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-03-24 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistence, threats, pathogens, herbivores, interactions, fragmented, landscape, extinction, habitat, disturbance, restoration.
Book Synopsis Population and Community Dynamics of Alpine Plants in a Changing Climate Across Topographically Heterogeneous Landscapes by : Meagan F Oldfather
Download or read book Population and Community Dynamics of Alpine Plants in a Changing Climate Across Topographically Heterogeneous Landscapes written by Meagan F Oldfather and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how species and communities shift locally and regionally poses a great challenge as we manage for resilience in the face of a changing climate. Shifts in species distributions are expected to be one of the largest biological effects of climate change and alpine plants are considered early indicators of these biographic responses. However, in montane systems, highly heterogeneous terrain results in a decoupling of climatic gradients complicating straightforward expectations of polar or upslope distributional shifts of plants in response to warmer, drier conditions. Species range shifts will be driven by how these interlaced climate gradients shape current and future population performance across species ranges. This work examines how the differential responses of life history transitions that shape population performance (demographic rates) may mediate range shifts in a changing climate across topographically heterogeneous landscapes. The focal species for this work is Ivesia lycopodioides A. Gray var. scandularis (Rydb.) Ertter & Reveal (Rosaceae), an iteroparous alpine plant with an approximate 20-year lifespan. I first explored the importance of multiple microclimatic gradients in shaping individual demographic rates and population growth rate in sixteen populations across the elevational distribution of this species in the xeric White Mountains, CA USA. I found that multiple microclimate gradients drove variation in demographic rates across this species range, and that complementary and compensatory relationships between demographic rates lead to stable range-wide population growth through multiple demographic pathways. This work motivated a range-wide multi-year field experiment manipulating summertime temperature and precipitation in nine of the study populations to investigate the degree to which climate change may perturb this population stability. Building integral projection modeling based on experimental demographic data, I found a negative effect of experimentally increased summertime temperature on population growth rate in all populations across this species range. This universal reduction is population growth in both trailing and leading range edge populations was due to size-dependent and variable relationships between the climate manipulation and demographic rates, and lead to predictions of population contractions at mid elevations of the species range. These results highlight that differential and size-dependent responses of life history transitions to changing climate influence the rate and magnitude of species range shifts and can lead to unexpected shifts. In order to place the experimental responses of the focal species in a community context, I quantified shifts in abundances for the entire alpine plant community under manipulated climatic conditions. Under experimentally warmer conditions, I observed an increase of hot, dry adapted species relative to their surrounding community members and this effect was not ameliorated by experimental additions of summertime precipitation. Concordantly, I found that overall plant abundance increased and species richness decreased with experimental heating. Together, these results indicate that, with warmer conditions, the White Mountain alpine zone will comprise less diverse plant communities dominated by species associated with hotter, drier conditions.
Book Synopsis Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities by : David Tilman
Download or read book Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities written by David Tilman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1988-03-21 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new approach to understanding the dynamics occurring among plant populations at the community level, Tilman sets forth an exciting hypothesis to aid in explaining the factors operative in vegetation change. He emphasizes nutrient allocation, especially nitrogen and light, as a critical factor in addition to others in accounting for what is referred to as "succession" by most ecologists. Tilman initially presents some basic concepts--plant competition, resource allocation, and succession--followed by his extensive old field experiments on the Minnesota sand plain. These add support to his hypothesis concerning the role of nutrient allocation as a factor involved in vegetation change. Illustrations, including tables and figures, greatly enhance the text. A most readable book, and students of vegetation science will find it a welcome addition to their libraries. It also should find its way to all academic libraries since it is aimed primarily at professional plant ecologists. W.A. Niering Connecticut College--Choice Reviews.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Plant Population Ecology by : Jonathan W. Silvertown
Download or read book Introduction to Plant Population Ecology written by Jonathan W. Silvertown and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1982 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This relatively new approach to the study of plant ecology introduces the idea that vegetation can be analysed in terms of the plant populations of which it is composed and in terms of the births, deaths and development of individuals in these populations" -- Back cover.
Book Synopsis Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate by : Paul C.D. Newton
Download or read book Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate written by Paul C.D. Newton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate considers the consequences of changes in the atmosphere and climate on the integrity, stability, and productivity of agroecosystems. The book adopts a novel approach by bringing together theoretical contributions from ecologists and the applied interpretations of agriculturalists. Drawing these two approa
Book Synopsis Climate and Plant Distribution by : F. I. Woodward
Download or read book Climate and Plant Distribution written by F. I. Woodward and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-04-23 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Correlation between plant distribution and climate is examined over different time and space scales to determine the mechanisms of control in physiological and biochemical terms.
