Planetary Protection Classification Of Sample Return Missions From The Martian Moons

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Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons

Author : European Science Foundation
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309488591
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons by : European Science Foundation

Download or read book Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons written by European Science Foundation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-07-20 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international consensus policy to prevent the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies exists and is maintained by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science, which is consultative to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Currently, COSPAR's planetary protection policy does not specify the status of sample-return missions from Phobos or Deimos, the moons of Mars. Although the moons themselves are not considered potential habitats for life or of intrinsic relevance to prebiotic chemical evolution, recent studies indicate that a significant amount of material recently ejected from Mars could be present on the surface of Phobos and, to a lesser extent, Deimos. This report reviews recent theoretical, experimental, and modeling research on the environments and physical conditions encountered by Mars ejecta during certain processes. It recommends whether missions returning samples from Phobos and/or Deimos should be classified as "restricted" or "unrestricted" Earth return in the framework of the planetary protection policy maintained by COSPAR. This report also considers the specific ways the classification of sample return from Deimos is a different case than sample return from Phobos.

Planetary Protection Classification of Sample-Return Missions from the Martian Moons

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Planetary Protection Requirements for Sample Return Missions from Martian Moons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309488600
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (886 download)

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Book Synopsis Planetary Protection Classification of Sample-Return Missions from the Martian Moons by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Planetary Protection Requirements for Sample Return Missions from Martian Moons

Download or read book Planetary Protection Classification of Sample-Return Missions from the Martian Moons written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Planetary Protection Requirements for Sample Return Missions from Martian Moons and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An international consensus policy to prevent the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies exists and is maintained by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science, which is consultative to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Currently, COSPAR's planetary protection policy does not specify the status of sample-return missions from Phobos or Deimos, the moons of Mars. Although the moons themselves are not considered potential habitats for life or of intrinsic relevance to prebiotic chemical evolution, recent studies indicate that a significant amount of material recently ejected from Mars could be present on the surface of Phobos and, to a lesser extent, Deimos. This report reviews recent theoretical, experimental, and modeling research on the environments and physical conditions encountered by Mars ejecta during certain processes. It recommends whether missions returning samples from Phobos and/or Deimos should be classified as "restricted" or "unrestricted" Earth return in the framework of the planetary protection policy maintained by COSPAR. This report also considers the specific ways the classification of sample return from Deimos is a different case than sample return from Phobos"--Publisher's description

Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons

Author : European Science Foundation
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309488621
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons by : European Science Foundation

Download or read book Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons written by European Science Foundation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-20 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international consensus policy to prevent the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies exists and is maintained by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science, which is consultative to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Currently, COSPAR's planetary protection policy does not specify the status of sample-return missions from Phobos or Deimos, the moons of Mars. Although the moons themselves are not considered potential habitats for life or of intrinsic relevance to prebiotic chemical evolution, recent studies indicate that a significant amount of material recently ejected from Mars could be present on the surface of Phobos and, to a lesser extent, Deimos. This report reviews recent theoretical, experimental, and modeling research on the environments and physical conditions encountered by Mars ejecta during certain processes. It recommends whether missions returning samples from Phobos and/or Deimos should be classified as "restricted" or "unrestricted" Earth return in the framework of the planetary protection policy maintained by COSPAR. This report also considers the specific ways the classification of sample return from Deimos is a different case than sample return from Phobos.

Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309478650
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting Earth's environment and other solar system bodies from harmful contamination has been an important principle throughout the history of space exploration. For decades, the scientific, political, and economic conditions of space exploration converged in ways that contributed to effective development and implementation of planetary protection policies at national and international levels. However, the future of space exploration faces serious challenges to the development and implementation of planetary protection policy. The most disruptive changes are associated with (1) sample return from, and human missions to, Mars; and (2) missions to those bodies in the outer solar system possessing water oceans beneath their icy surfaces. Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes addresses the implications of changes in the complexion of solar system exploration as they apply to the process of developing planetary protection policy. Specifically, this report examines the history of planetary protection policy, assesses the current policy development process, and recommends actions to improve the policy development process in the future.

Assessment of the Report of NASA's Planetary Protection Independent Review Board

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309676525
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of the Report of NASA's Planetary Protection Independent Review Board by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Assessment of the Report of NASA's Planetary Protection Independent Review Board written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-10-19 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of planetary protection is to control, to the degree possible, the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies. Guidelines developed by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) are used by all spacefaring nations to guide their preparations for encounters with solar system bodies. NASA's Science Mission Directorate has convened the Planetary Protection Independent Review Board (PPIRB) to consider updating the COSPAR guidelines given the growing interest from commercial and private groups in exploration and utilization of Mars and other bodies in space. At the request of NASA, this publication reviews the findings of the PPIRB and comments on their consistency with the recommendations of the recent National Academies report Review and Assessment of the Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes.

The Quarantine and Certification of Martian Samples

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309170753
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Quarantine and Certification of Martian Samples by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Quarantine and Certification of Martian Samples written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-16 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the highest-priority activities in the planetary sciences identified in published reports of the Space Studies Board's Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) and in reports of other advisory groups is the collection and return of extraterrestrial samples to Earth for study in terrestrial laboratories. In response to recommendations made in such studies, NASA has initiated a vigorous program that will, within the next decade, collect samples from a variety of solar system environments. In particular the Mars Exploration Program is expected to launch spacecraft that are designed to collect samples of martian soil, rocks, and atmosphere and return them to Earth, perhaps as early as 2015. International treaty obligations mandate that NASA conduct such a program in a manner that avoids the cross-contamination of both Earth and Mars. The Space Studies Board's 1997 report Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations examined many of the planetary-protection issues concerning the back contamination of Earth and concluded that, although the probability that martian samples will contain dangerous biota is small, it is not zero.1 Steps must be taken to protect Earth against the remote possibility of contamination by life forms that may have evolved on Mars. Similarly, the samples, collected at great expense, must be protected against contamination by terrestrial biota and other matter. Almost certainly, meeting these requirements will entail opening the sample-return container in an appropriate facility on Earth-presumably a BSL-4 laboratory-where testing, biosafety certification, and quarantine of the samples will be carried out before aliquots are released to the scientific community for study in existing laboratory facilities. The nature of the required quarantine facility, and the decisions required for disposition of samples once they are in it, were regarded as issues of sufficient importance and complexity to warrant a study by the Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) in isolation from other topics. (Previous studies have been much broader, including also consideration of the mission that collects samples on Mars and brings them to Earth, atmospheric entry, sample recovery, and transport to the quarantine facility.) The charge to COMPLEX stated that the central question to be addressed in this study is the following: What are the criteria that must be satisfied before martian samples can be released from a quarantine facility?

Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309180325
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars by : National Research Council

Download or read book Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-22 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent spacecraft and robotic probes to Mars have yielded data that are changing our understanding significantly about the possibility of existing or past life on that planet. Coupled with advances in biology and life-detection techniques, these developments place increasing importance on the need to protect Mars from contamination by Earth-borne organisms. To help with this effort, NASA requested that the NRC examine existing planetary protection measures for Mars and recommend changes and further research to improve such measures. This report discusses policies, requirements, and techniques to protect Mars from organisms originating on Earth that could interfere with scientific investigations. It provides recommendations on cleanliness and biological burden levels of Mars-bound spacecraft, methods to reach those levels, and research to reduce uncertainties in preventing forward contamination of Mars.

Lunar Sourcebook

Author : Grant Heiken
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521334440
Total Pages : 796 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Lunar Sourcebook by : Grant Heiken

Download or read book Lunar Sourcebook written by Grant Heiken and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1991-04-26 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only work to date to collect data gathered during the American and Soviet missions in an accessible and complete reference of current scientific and technical information about the Moon.

Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309224640
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 by : National Research Council

Download or read book Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, planetary science has seen a tremendous growth in new knowledge. Deposits of water ice exist at the Moon's poles. Discoveries on the surface of Mars point to an early warm wet climate, and perhaps conditions under which life could have emerged. Liquid methane rain falls on Saturn's moon Titan, creating rivers, lakes, and geologic landscapes with uncanny resemblances to Earth's. Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 surveys the current state of knowledge of the solar system and recommends a suite of planetary science flagship missions for the decade 2013-2022 that could provide a steady stream of important new discoveries about the solar system. Research priorities defined in the report were selected through a rigorous review that included input from five expert panels. NASA's highest priority large mission should be the Mars Astrobiology Explorer Cacher (MAX-C), a mission to Mars that could help determine whether the planet ever supported life and could also help answer questions about its geologic and climatic history. Other projects should include a mission to Jupiter's icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean, and the Uranus Orbiter and Probe mission to investigate that planet's interior structure, atmosphere, and composition. For medium-size missions, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 recommends that NASA select two new missions to be included in its New Frontiers program, which explores the solar system with frequent, mid-size spacecraft missions. If NASA cannot stay within budget for any of these proposed flagship projects, it should focus on smaller, less expensive missions first. Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 suggests that the National Science Foundation expand its funding for existing laboratories and establish new facilities as needed. It also recommends that the program enlist the participation of international partners. This report is a vital resource for government agencies supporting space science, the planetary science community, and the public.

The Andromeda Strain

Author : Michael Crichton
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307816419
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis The Andromeda Strain by : Michael Crichton

Download or read book The Andromeda Strain written by Michael Crichton and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of Jurassic Park, Timeline, and Sphere comes a captivating thriller about a deadly extraterrestrial microorganism, which threatens to annihilate human life. Five prominent biophysicists have warned the United States government that sterilization procedures for returning space probes may be inadequate to guarantee uncontaminated re-entry to the atmosphere. Two years later, a probe satellite falls to the earth and lands in a desolate region of northeastern Arizona. Nearby, in the town of Piedmont, bodies lie heaped and flung across the ground, faces locked in frozen surprise. What could cause such shock and fear? The terror has begun, and there is no telling where it will end.

Humans to Mars

Author : David S. F. Portree
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Humans to Mars by : David S. F. Portree

Download or read book Humans to Mars written by David S. F. Portree and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Space Law

Author : Francis Lyall
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 104009208X
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Space Law by : Francis Lyall

Download or read book Space Law written by Francis Lyall and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-19 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As space continues to attract substantial public and private investment and has become ever more active, the third edition of this book has been updated to cover recent developments. This includes the legal bases of UN Resolution 76/3, the Space3030 Agenda, which envisages ‘space as a driver of sustainable development’ and sets out an extensive programme for the future. The work also takes account of adaptations and augmentations to basic space treaties. It examines the increasing commercialisation of space in areas such as space tourism and space mining, for which four states have already adopted relevant legislation. The impact of new technologies such as satellite constellations and micro-satellites are also scrutinised. At a time when space tourism is available to those who can afford it and when the moon will shortly be revisited with a prospect of permanent bases, this third edition provides a firm base for the next generation of space lawyers. As with previous editions, the work draws from governmental, international organisational and other authoritative sources as well as the relevant literature in the field. The book will be an essential and comprehensive resource for students, academics and researchers as well as space agencies, governments and space-active companies. It will also be of value to technical operatives and managers who need to know the legal context within which they work.

Volatiles in the Martian Crust

Author : Justin Filiberto
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012804201X
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Volatiles in the Martian Crust by : Justin Filiberto

Download or read book Volatiles in the Martian Crust written by Justin Filiberto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volatiles in the Martian Crust is a vital reference for future missions - including ESA's EXO Mars and NASA's Mars2020 rover - looking for evidence of life on Mars and the potential for habitability and human exploration of the Martian crust. Mars science is a rapidly evolving topic with new data returned from the planet on a daily basis. The book presents chapters written by well-established experts who currently focus on the topic, providing the reader with a fresh, up-to-date and accurate view. Organized into two main sections, the first half of the book focuses on the Martian meteorites and specific volatile elements. The second half of the book explores processes and locations on the crust, including what we have learned about volatile mobility in the Martian crust. Coverage includes data from orbiter and in situ rovers and landers, geochemical and geophysical modeling, and combined data from the SNC meteorites. - Presents information about the nature, relationship, and reactivity of chemical elements and compounds on Mars - Explores the potential habitability of Mars - Provides a comprehensive view of volatiles in the Martian crust from studies of actual samples as well as from the variety of landed missions, including the MER and Curiosity rovers - Delivers a vital reference for ongoing and future missions to Mars while synthesizing large data sets and research on volatiles in the Martian atmosphere - Concludes with an informative summary chapter that looks to future Mars missions and what might be learned

Space Studies Board Annual Report 2017

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030947762X
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Space Studies Board Annual Report 2017 by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Space Studies Board Annual Report 2017 written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original charter of the Space Science Board was established in June 1958, three months before the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) opened its doors. The Space Science Board and its successor, the Space Studies Board (SSB), have provided expert external and independent scientific and programmatic advice to NASA on a continuous basis from NASA's inception until the present. The SSB has also provided such advice to other executive branch agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Defense, as well as to Congress. Space Studies Board Annual Report 2017 covers a message from the chair of the SSB, David N. Spergel. This report also explains the origins of the Space Science Board, how the Space Studies Board functions today, the SSB's collaboration with other National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine units, assures the quality of the SSB reports, acknowledges the audience and sponsors, and expresses the necessity to enhance the outreach and improve dissemination of SSB reports. This report will be relevant to a full range of government audiences in civilian space research - including NASA, NSF, NOAA, USGS, and the Department of Energy, as well members of the SSB, policy makers, and researchers.

Mars as the Abode of Life

Author : Percival Lowell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Mars as the Abode of Life by : Percival Lowell

Download or read book Mars as the Abode of Life written by Percival Lowell and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Safe on Mars

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309169593
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Safe on Mars by : National Research Council

Download or read book Safe on Mars written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-05-29 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, commissioned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), examines the role of robotic exploration missions in assessing the risks to the first human missions to Mars. Only those hazards arising from exposure to environmental, chemical, and biological agents on the planet are assessed. To ensure that it was including all previously identified hazards in its study, the Committee on Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Surface of Mars referred to the most recent report from NASA's Mars Exploration Program/ Payload Analysis Group (MEPAG) (Greeley, 2001). The committee concluded that the requirements identified in the present NRC report are indeed the only ones essential for NASA to pursue in order to mitigate potential hazards to the first human missions to Mars.

Mars Exploration

Author : Giuseppe Pezzella
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1839623624
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Mars Exploration by : Giuseppe Pezzella

Download or read book Mars Exploration written by Giuseppe Pezzella and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 50 years after the Mariner 4 flyby on 15 July 1965, Mars still represents the next frontier of space explorations. Of particular focus nowadays is crewed missions to the red planet. Over three sections, this book explores missions to Mars, in situ operations, and human-rated missions. Chapters address elements of design and possible psychological effects related to human-rated missions. The information contained herein will allow for the development of safe and efficient exploration missions to Mars.