Phytorestoration Of Abandoned Mining And Oil Drilling Sites

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Phytorestoration of Abandoned Mining and Oil Drilling Sites

Author : Kuldeep Bauddh
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128232080
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Phytorestoration of Abandoned Mining and Oil Drilling Sites by : Kuldeep Bauddh

Download or read book Phytorestoration of Abandoned Mining and Oil Drilling Sites written by Kuldeep Bauddh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytorestoration of Abandoned Mining and Oil Drilling Sites presents case studies and the latest research on the most effective methods to address the large amounts of waste materials released due to mining and oil drilling. In particular, phytoremediation is described as a novel, eco-friendly, cost-effective method for extracting toxic compounds by plants for the restoration of contaminated sites. Plantings on these contaminated areas lead to the removal of toxic substances such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons, improvement in the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil, long-term forest ecosystem rehabilitation, restoration of ecosystem productivity, stability and biological diversity, and reductions in CO2. Utilizing worldwide examples, this book discusses the potential of phytoremediation as an ideal solution for sites contaminated by mining and oil drilling sites. Includes exploration of efficient plants for restoring contaminated former mining and oil drilling sites Addresses adverse impacts of toxicants released from mining activities on living organisms, including human health Presents characteristics of contaminated former mining and oil drilling sites

Climate Change and Sustainable Development

Author : M. H. Fulekar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000872351
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change and Sustainable Development by : M. H. Fulekar

Download or read book Climate Change and Sustainable Development written by M. H. Fulekar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change and Sustainable Development covers the climatic and atmospheric changes, greenhouse gases and their impact on eco-system, biodiversity, water resources, agriculture and food security, human health, extreme weather and environment across two sections. The mitigation and adaptation strategies involving sustainable development is also illustrated including efficient technology, renewable energy, developmental activities control and so forth. Nanotechnology for sustainable development, forest protection, environment, social and economic sustainability and climate change policy planning of international bodies like UNFCC, UNDP, Kyoto protocol is also included. Features: Covers climate change fundamentals and its impact on different ecosystems and natural disasters Describes non-renewable energy aspects like fossil fuel, coal, oil, natural gas and so forth Explores sustainable development in terms of environment, social and economic aspects Includes species diversity and loss, agriculture productivity, water resources scarcity, health and environmental, rise in sea level and coastal area submergence Illustrates scientific hybridization of traditional ecological knowledge for enhancing climate change adaptation This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in engineering and public policy, engineering management, sustainable engineering, renewable energy engineering, environmental engineering, and sustainability.

Advances in Microbe-assisted Phytoremediation of Polluted Sites

Author : Kuldeep Bauddh
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128235306
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Microbe-assisted Phytoremediation of Polluted Sites by : Kuldeep Bauddh

Download or read book Advances in Microbe-assisted Phytoremediation of Polluted Sites written by Kuldeep Bauddh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-03 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Microbe-assisted Phytoremediation of Polluted Sites provides a comprehensive overview of the use of phytoremediation to decontaminate polluted land through microbial enhanced phytoremediation, including the use of plants with respect to ecological and environmental science. The book discusses the potential of microbial-assisted phytoremediation of the contaminant, including heavy metals, pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, etc., with case studies as examples. Key subjects covered include plant-microbe interaction in contaminated ecosystems, microbe-augmented phytoremediation for improved ecosystem services, and success stories on microbe-assisted phytoremediation of contaminated sites. With increasing demand for land-space for social, industrial and agricultural use, the theoretical millions of hectares of contaminated sites around the world are a resource sorely needed that currently cannot be utilized. Decontamination of this land using ecologically-sound methods is paramount not only to land use, but in the prevention of toxic substances deteriorating local ecosystems by reducing productivity and contaminating the food chain – which can eventually aggregate in food chains and pose the potential risk of non-curable diseases to humans such as cancer. Provides novel information on the potential for microbial inoculants to be used in phytoremediation Discusses principles and mechanisms of plant-microbe interaction for enhanced phytoremediation with improved soil health Investigates phytoremediation solutions for a multitude of contaminants, including heavy metals, fly ash, petroleum, arsenic, TPH, mining effluents, fluoride, lead and other major pollutants

Land and Environmental Management Through Forestry

Author : Abhishek Raj
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119910501
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Land and Environmental Management Through Forestry by : Abhishek Raj

Download or read book Land and Environmental Management Through Forestry written by Abhishek Raj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-16 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LAND AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT THROUGH FORESTRY Written and edited by a group of experts in the field, this groundbreaking reference work sets the standard for engineers, students, and professionals working in forestry, agriculture, ecology, and environmental science, offering the scientific community a way toward combating climate change and land degradation. This outstanding new volume covers the diverse issues of land degradation around the world and its restoration through forestry, agroforestry, and other practices. The editors have integrated many different concepts and applications into a single place from which scientists, research scholars, academicians, and policymakers can benefit. New insights in this area are critical, as our very existence depends on forest sustainability and land restoration management. The work consists of chapters addressing the issues of land degradation, deforestation, intensive agricultural practices, sustainable intensification, soil and forest-related services, land and environmental management, and overall sustainability of the ecosystem. The contributors address current issues and their management through a holistic and integrated approach, presenting the context of land degradation and its problem, identifying the potential areas of research in the field of land restoration, identifying the land-based services and their potential role for ecosystem sustainability, creating awareness so that future policies can be framed for the betterment of human civilization, and addressing sustainable intensification for land and environmental management and service. A standard reference work for the disciplines of forestry, agriculture, ecology, and environmental science, it will also be a way forward for combating climate change. Useful to academics, researchers, ecologists, environmentalists, students, capacity builders, and policymakers, it is a must-have for any library.

Bioremediation and Bioeconomy

Author : Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443161216
Total Pages : 820 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioremediation and Bioeconomy by : Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad

Download or read book Bioremediation and Bioeconomy written by Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-23 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation and Bioeconomy: A Circular Economy Approach provides a common platform for scientists from various backgrounds to find sustainable solutions to environmental issues, including remediation of emerging pollutants, usage of contaminated land and wastewater for bioproducts such as natural fibers, biocomposites, and fuels, to boost the economy. The need for transitioning to a sustainable use of natural resources is now more evident than ever as industrialization and pollution are global phenomena. Biodiversity is being used as raw material for environmental decontamination, and this field has grown phenomenally in recent years, having emerged less than 3 decades ago. On the other hand, the volume of contaminated substrates (water, soil, and air) is increasing due to anthropogenic and technogenic sources of organic and inorganic contaminants. Bioremediation and Bioeconomy: A Circular Economy Approach will address the bottlenecks and solutions to the existing limitations in field scale and the relevant techniques. Provides a compilation of new information on bioremediation not found in other books in the present market Presents the link between bioremediation, bioeconomy, and the circular economy Includes strategies for using contaminated substrates for producing bioresources and co-generation of value chain and value addition products

Remediation of Uranium Mill Tailings

Author : Prafulla Soni
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000904385
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Remediation of Uranium Mill Tailings by : Prafulla Soni

Download or read book Remediation of Uranium Mill Tailings written by Prafulla Soni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers issues pertaining to uranium tailings with special reference to consolidation of radioactivity including systematic ecological strategy for consolidation of radionuclides in uranium tailings. It discusses sustainable consolidation of radioactivity and checks the migration of unextracted uranium from tailing piles to plants and atmosphere supported by a case study from a uranium mine. It provides simple ecological solutions for the remediation of radioactivity in mill tailings. Features: Provides insight into the application of applied ecology for bioremediation of radioactive wastes. Discusses species selection criteria for tailings radioactivity consolidation. Explains safe treatment of the tailings of radioactive ore processing plants. Illustrates the role of ethnobotany in the selection of the most appropriate species to effectively use in bioremediation. Focuses on experimental outcomes. This book is aimed at researchers and professionals in mining engineering, applied geology, nuclear tailings and environmental protection.

Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications

Author : Hüseyin Karaca
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9815051016
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications by : Hüseyin Karaca

Download or read book Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications written by Hüseyin Karaca and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intensive use of fossil-based energy sources causes significant environmental problems on a global scale. Researchers have been working for several decades to find alternative energy solutions to fossil fuels. Algae are a renewable energy source, with high potential for increasing scarce resources and reducing environmental problems caused by fossil fuel use. Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications gives the reader a comprehensive picture of the industrial use of algae for generating power. This book informs readers about the existence of alternative species to the currently used algae species for biofuel production, while also explaining the methods and current concepts in sustainable biofuel production. Key Features - Fifteen chapters covering topics on commercial algae species and algal biofuel production. - Covers anaerobic biotechnology and basic biofuel production from thermal liquefaction - Covers biodiesel production and algal biofuel characterization - Introduces the reader to applied microbial fuel cell technology and algae cultivation methods - Provides concepts about ecological engineering - Covers microalgae culture and biofuel production techniques - Explains the importance of catalysts - Explains the economic evaluation of algae fuel production technology This reference is essential reading for students and academics involved in environmental science, biotechnology, chemical engineering and sustainability education programs. It also serves as a reference for general readers who want to understand the ins and outs of algal biofuel technology.

Genomics Approach to Bioremediation

Author : Vineet Kumar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119852102
Total Pages : 565 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomics Approach to Bioremediation by : Vineet Kumar

Download or read book Genomics Approach to Bioremediation written by Vineet Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-22 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomics Approach to Bioremediation Provides insights into the various aspects of microbial genomics and biotechnology for environmental cleanup In recent years, the application of genomics to biodegradation and bioremediation research has led to a better understanding of the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms, their interactions with hazardous and toxic chemical compounds, and their adaptability to changing environmental conditions. Genomics Approach to Bioremediation: Principles, Tools, and Emerging Technologies provides comprehensive and up-to-date information on cutting-edge technologies and approaches in bioremediation and biodegradation of environmental pollutants. Edited by prominent researchers in the field, this authoritative reference examines advanced genomics technologies, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools while offering valuable insights into the unique functional attributes of different microbial communities and their impact on the removal of chemical contaminants. Each chapter includes numerous high-quality illustrations, detailed tables, extensive references, and step-by-step descriptions of various microbial metabolic pathways of degradation and biotransformation of environments containing various inorganic, metallic, organometallic, and organic hydrocarbon contaminants. Describes methodologies and underlying theory for the remediation, detoxification, and degradation of contaminated environments Covers new genomics technologies that address nutrient removal, resource recovery, and other major trends in environmental cleanup Highlights recent advances in microbial biotechnological approaches including the latest description of the relationship between microbes and the environment focusing on their impact on ecosystem services Offers perspectives on energy saving, production, sustainability, and community involvement Discusses current challenges and future directions in the field of bioremediation Genomics Approach to Bioremediation: Principles, Tools, and Emerging Technologies is an essential resource for biochemical and environmental engineers, environmental microbiologists, academic researchers, process and treatment plant managers, policymakers, and industry professionals working in the areas of microbial degradation, bioremediation, and phytoremediation.

Hydrology - Current Research and Future Directions

Author : Murat Eyvaz
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0854660569
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (546 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrology - Current Research and Future Directions by : Murat Eyvaz

Download or read book Hydrology - Current Research and Future Directions written by Murat Eyvaz and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrology - Current Research and Future Directions provides a comprehensive review of hydrological research using field investigations and integrated modeling in locations ranging from arid areas to regions with abundant water. Thanks to the contributions of expert researchers hailing from Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, India, and other countries, the complex dynamics of the world's water systems are better understood. The book discusses the pressure of climate change on water ecosystems and complex water management in cities. It provides information that can guide both practitioners and policymakers in the sustainable management of water through integrated water management and advanced treatment technologies. With its multidisciplinary research and approaches, this book opens the door not only to existing hydrology science but also to new partnerships in studies on sustainable water management.

Phytoremediation Potential of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Author : Amit Kumar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000964744
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Phytoremediation Potential of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants by : Amit Kumar

Download or read book Phytoremediation Potential of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants written by Amit Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental contamination of heavy metals is a major problem, threatening sustainable agricultural production and health of millions of people. The extensive distribution of heavy metals in soil and water makes it necessary to employ environment-friendly low-cost and sustainable approaches for the remediation of contaminated sites. Phytoremediation has been considered a viable approach to meet these demands; however, it must provide some economic gains too. The use of economically important medicinal and aromatic plants is helpful in restoration of metal-contaminated sites and also may provide economic gains to the farmers. The book brings about a critical overview of the prospects of utilizing medicinal and aromatic plants in phytoremediation, including their utility, economic benefits and human safety issues. The book will be a timely addition to the field and would act as landmark. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, doctoral and graduate students working in the area of environmental pollution and cleanup technologies. The students working in the field of metal(loid) stress and crop biofortification will also find this to be a useful read. The content of the book is presented in simple language and represented through beautiful and scientifically informative figures and tables.

Land Remediation and Management: Bioengineering Strategies

Author : Hemen Sarma
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819942217
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Land Remediation and Management: Bioengineering Strategies by : Hemen Sarma

Download or read book Land Remediation and Management: Bioengineering Strategies written by Hemen Sarma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-21 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book deals with land regeneration and management using living organisms for a sustainable future. It brings together the latest developments made by leading biotechnologists, bioengineers and environmental scientists in the area of land remediation. The chapters cover different aspects of soil's conventional and emerging pollutants (synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals). Global population is rapidly affected by this catastrophic situation, industrialization and overuse of chemical compounds. There are currently many bioengineering strategies used to eliminate these dangerous chemicals. In this book, the chapters present the current evidence and comprehensive studies that may be useful for reader. It provides a comprehensive text thereby filling the gap in the literature. The contents of the book further deliver a good understanding of emerging environmental contaminants and their sustainable remediation through the use of bioengineering tools and techniques.This book is of interest to industry experts, researchers, academicians in bioengineering and biomedical sciences, graduates and undergraduates in Biotechnology, Microbiology, Environmental Sciences, Health, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. It is also a useful read for national and international agricultural scientists and policy makers.

Biotechnological Advances in Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils

Author : Ying Ma
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832505732
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Biotechnological Advances in Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils by : Ying Ma

Download or read book Biotechnological Advances in Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils written by Ying Ma and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants

Author : Tariq Aftab
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031084462
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants by : Tariq Aftab

Download or read book Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants written by Tariq Aftab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-04 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental contaminants are chemicals that accidentally or deliberately enter the environment, often, but not always, as a result of human activities. Some of these contaminants may have been manufactured for industrial use, and because they are very stable, they do not break down easily. If released to the environment, these contaminants may enter the food chain. Other environmental contaminants are naturally occurring chemicals, but industrial activity may increase their mobility or increase the amount available to circulate in the environment, allowing them to enter the food chain at higher levels than would otherwise occur. Environmental contaminants influence the physiological cell reactions at different and heterogeneous basics and lead to altering in normal cell function primarily at the molecular and biochemical level. Molecular responses to such common environmental stresses have been studied intensively over the last few years, in which there is an intricate network of signaling pathways controlling perception of these environmental stress signals, the generation of second messengers and signal transduction. Recent advances in many areas of plant and microbial research, including genotyping, make scientists optimistic that valuable solutions will be found to allow deployment/commercialization of strategies better able to tolerate these environmental stresses. Environmental remediation was historically viewed as an inherently sustainable activity, as it restores contamination; however, researchers and practitioners are increasingly recognizing that there can be substantial environmental footprints and socioeconomic costs associated with remediation. Sustainability is an imperative in the emerging green and sustainable remediation movement, which is reshaping the entire remediation industry. Understanding the significant roles of sustainable or eco-friendly approaches in mitigating environmental contaminants, the current subject has recently attracted the attention of scientists from across the globe. This comprehensive volume “Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants: Eco-friendly Remediation Approaches" highlights the various prospects involved in current scenario. The current volume comprises the chapters from diverse areas dealing with biotechnology, microbial technology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, green and sustainable remediation, etc. I am hopeful that this volume will furnish the requisite of all those who are working or have interest in the current topic.

Pesticides Bioremediation

Author : Sazada Siddiqui
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030970000
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Pesticides Bioremediation by : Sazada Siddiqui

Download or read book Pesticides Bioremediation written by Sazada Siddiqui and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-08 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers the latest theory, procedures, techniques and applications pertaining to the bioremediation of pesticides, as well as current case studies. The book is composed of chapters written by global experts and is divided into three topical sections. Section A deals with concepts and mechanisms of pesticides bioremediation; Section B examines latest tools and techniques; Section C offers global case studies of pesticides bioremediation. The novel methods described here are timely, as traditional pesticide usage leads to high wastage via decay, vaporization and seepage. This of course leads to environmental contamination and has necessitated the development and use of novel technologies like bioremediation for minimizing the impact of pesticides on the environment. This volume will be of relevance to academics, researchers and students who are working in the realm of pesticide bioremediation, and will enable policy makers and managerial experts across the globe in drafting policies and strategies for the management and treatment of pesticides.

Medicinal Plants

Author : Azamal Husen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811956111
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Medicinal Plants by : Azamal Husen

Download or read book Medicinal Plants written by Azamal Husen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-09 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of medicinal plants and their interaction with abiotic stress in terms of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular variations, and explains the adaptation and tolerance mechanisms involved. It presents various mechanisms that become operative in medicinal plants to combat stressful situations. The book discusses the secondary metabolites and/or bioactive compounds produced in medicinal plants under abiotic stress conditions, and the use of biostimulants and/or phytoprotectants to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on medicinal plants. Additionally, it is likely to address opportunities and challenges in molecular and omics studies of medicinal plants under abiotic stress conditions. Overall, the chapters are developed by eminent subject experts with due care and clarity and cover an up-to-date literature review with relevant illustrations. The book would cater to the need of graduate and post-graduate students, researchers as well as scientists, and may attract the attention of pharmaceutical companies/industrialists and health policymakers.

Sustainable Clean Energy Production Using Waste Biomass

Author : Dan Bahadur Pal
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819708400
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Clean Energy Production Using Waste Biomass by : Dan Bahadur Pal

Download or read book Sustainable Clean Energy Production Using Waste Biomass written by Dan Bahadur Pal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Remediation of Abandoned Surface Coal Mining Sites

Author : Alena Mudroch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540425397
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (253 download)

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Book Synopsis Remediation of Abandoned Surface Coal Mining Sites by : Alena Mudroch

Download or read book Remediation of Abandoned Surface Coal Mining Sites written by Alena Mudroch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-02-11 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christopher Kennedy University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S IA4 Coal is a valuable resource. It provides a significant amount of the World's energy supply and it is the basis for many industries. However, in areas where coal lies close to the Earth's surface and has been exploited by open cast tech niques, radical alterations of landscape and significant impacts on the envi ronment have occurred. This report was prepared to provide guidance to those who are responsible for the prevention of environmental effects from surface mining and for the restoration of the mining areas. Environmental problems of surface coal mining and restoration of the mine sites are discussed in the re port. Particular attention is given to Eastern Europe, which continues to be a major centre of opencast lignite mining. Reclamation of mined lands for for estry, agriculture and wildlife is briefly discussed. However, the shear volume of coal removed from many mines in Eastern Europe is so vast, that there is often insufficient overburden material to refill the pits. Consequently, the main focus of this report is on the creation of lakes in these former surface mines. Many problems have to be overcome in creating healthy lakes for recreation or wildlife. Guidelines for treating water quality problems and further devel opment of lakes are provided. Techniques for dealing with acidic, waters, eutrophication and contamination are discussed.