Phytoremediation: Role of Aquatic Plants in Environmental Clean-Up

Download Phytoremediation: Role of Aquatic Plants in Environmental Clean-Up PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 8132213076
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation: Role of Aquatic Plants in Environmental Clean-Up by : Bhupinder Dhir

Download or read book Phytoremediation: Role of Aquatic Plants in Environmental Clean-Up written by Bhupinder Dhir and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contamination of the different components of environment through industrial and anthropogenic activities have guided new eras of research. This has lead to development of strategies/methodologies to curtail/minimize environmental contamination. Research studies conducted all over the globe established that bioremediation play a promising role in minimizing environmental contamination. In the last decade, phytoremediation studies have been conducted on a vast scale. Initial research in this scenario focused on screening terrestrial plant species that remove contaminants from soil and air. Later, scientific community realized that water is a basic necessity for sustaining life on earth and quality of which is getting deteriorated day by day. This initiated studies on phytoremediation using aquatic plants. Role of aquatic plant species in cleaning water bodies was also explored. Many of the aquatic plant species showed potential to treat domestic, municipal and industrial wastewaters and hence their use in constructed wetlands for treating wastewaters was emphasized. The present book contains five chapters. First two chapters provide information about types of contaminants commonly reported in wastewaters and enlists some important and well studied aquatic plant species known for their potential to remove various contaminants from wastewater. Subsequent chapters deal with mechanisms involved in contaminant removal by aquatic plant species, and also provide detailed information about role of aquatic plant species in wetlands. Potential of constructed wetlands in cleaning domestic and industrial wastewaters has also been discussed in detail. The strategy for enhancing phytoremediation capacity of plants by different means and effectiveness of phytoremediation technology in terms of monitory benefits has been discussed in last chapter. Last chapter also emphasizes the future aspects of this technology.

Phytoremediation

Download Phytoremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319109693
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation by : Abid Ali Ansari

Download or read book Phytoremediation written by Abid Ali Ansari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation”, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Each chapter highlights and compares the beneficial and economical alternatives of phytoremediation to currently practiced soil removal and burial practices. This book covers state of the art approaches in Phytoremediation written by leading and eminent scientists from around the globe. Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants, Volume 1 supplies its readers with a multidisciplinary understanding in the principal and practical approaches of phytoremediation from laboratory research to field application.

Phytoremediation

Download Phytoremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319401483
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation by : Abid Ali Ansari

Download or read book Phytoremediation written by Abid Ali Ansari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation”, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Each chapter highlights and compares the beneficial and economical alternatives of phytoremediation to currently practiced soil removal and burial practices.

Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants

Download Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128148659
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants by : Mirza Hasanuzzaman

Download or read book Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: From Physiology to Remediation presents a single research resource on the latest in cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants. The book covers many important areas, including means of Cd reduction, from plant adaptation, including antioxidant defense, active excretion and chelation, to phytoextraction, rhizo filtration, phytodegradation, and much more. In addition, it explores important insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Cd uptake and transport and presents options for improving resistance to Cd stresses. It will be ideal for both researchers and students working on cadmium pollution, plant responses and related fields of environmental contamination and toxicology. Includes all aspects of cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants Provides a comprehensive overview of advances in cadmium toxicity, tolerance and adaptation in plants Elaborates on the advancement of eco-friendly techniques for cadmium remediation from soil and water Provides real-world, application focused techniques

Phytoremediation

Download Phytoremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030000990
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation by : Brian R. Shmaefsky

Download or read book Phytoremediation written by Brian R. Shmaefsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-situ phytoremediation strategies that are particularly well suited for developing nations. Its goal is to promote the use of field-tested phytoremediation methods for removing soil and water pollutants from agricultural, industrial, military, and municipal sources. These strategies include using algae and a variety of aquatic and terrestrial plants. The book subsequently discusses the use of crops and native plants for phytoremediation, and how phytoremediation efforts impact the rhizosphere. After having finished the book, readers will be able to directly adapt the strategies described here for their specific purposes.

Environmental Bioremediation Technologies

Download Environmental Bioremediation Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540347933
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Bioremediation Technologies by : S.N. Singh

Download or read book Environmental Bioremediation Technologies written by S.N. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation is an eco-friendly, cost-effective and natural technology targeted to remove heavy metals, radionuclides, xenobiotic compounds, organic waste, pesticides etc. from contaminated sites or industrial discharges through biological means. Since this technology is used in in-situ conditions, it does not physically disturb the site unlike conventional methods i.e. chemical or mechanical methods.

Introduction to Phytoremediation

Download Introduction to Phytoremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Phytoremediation by :

Download or read book Introduction to Phytoremediation written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules

Download Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111971723X
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules by : Santosh Kumar Upadhyay

Download or read book Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules written by Santosh Kumar Upadhyay and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BIOPROSPECTING OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY FOR INDUSTRIAL MOLECULES A comprehensive collection of recent translational research on bioresource utilization and ecological sustainability Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules provides an up-to-date overview of the ongoing search for biodiverse organic compounds for use in pharmaceuticals, bioceuticals, agriculture, and other commercial applications. Bringing together work from a panel of international contributors, this comprehensive monograph covers natural compounds of plants, endophyte enzymes and their applications in industry, plant bioprospecting in cosmetics, marine bioprospecting of seaweeds, and more. Providing global perspectives on bioprospecting of plant biodiversity, the authors present research on enzymes, mineral micro-nutrients, biopesticides, algal biomass, and other bioactive molecules. In-depth chapters assess the health impacts and ecological sustainability of the various biomolecules and identify existing and possible applications ranging from ecological restoration to production of essential oils and cosmetics. Other topics include, bio-energy crops as alternative fuel resources, the role of plants in phytoremediation of industrial waste, and the industrial applications of endophyte enzymes. This comprehensive resource: Includes a through introduction to plant biodiversity and bioprospecting Will further the knowledge of application of different plants and improve research investigation techniques. Summarizes novel approaches for researchers in food science, microbiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules is an indispensable compendium of biological research for scientists, researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, and academics in the areas of microbiology, food biotechnology, industrial microbiology, plant biotechnology, and microbial biotechnology.

Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water

Download Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323885489
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water by : Vineet Kumar

Download or read book Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water written by Vineet Kumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water focuses on the exploitation of plants and their associated microbes as a tool to degrade/detoxify/stabilize toxic and hazardous contaminants and restore the contaminated site. The book introduces various phytoremediation technologies using an array of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup and sustainable development. The book mainly focuses on the remediation of toxic and hazardous environmental contaminants, their phytoremediation mechanisms and strategies, advances and challenges in the current scenario. This book is intended to appeal to students, researchers, scientists and a wide range of professionals responsible for regulating, monitoring and designing industrial waste facilities. Engineering consultants, industrial waste managers and purchasing department managers, government regulators, and graduate students will also find this book invaluable. Provides natural and eco-friendly solutions to deal with the problem of pollution Details underlying mechanisms of phytoremediation of organic and inorganic contaminants with enzymatic roles Describes numerous, successful field studies on the application of phytoremediation for eco-restoration of contaminated sites Presents recent advances and challenges in phytoremediation research and applications for sustainable development Provides authoritative contributions on the diverse aspects of phytoremediation by world leading experts

Contaminants and Clean Technologies

Download Contaminants and Clean Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000030571
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contaminants and Clean Technologies by : Pankaj Chowdhary

Download or read book Contaminants and Clean Technologies written by Pankaj Chowdhary and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-27 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminants and Clean Technologies provides valuable information on environmental contaminants such as industrial pollutants, micropollutants, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, toxins, and hormones. It focuses on the various types of environmental contaminants discharged from various sources; their toxicological effects in environments, humans, animals, and plants; and their removal methods. It also covers, comprehensively, information on the contaminants released by various industries and agricultural practices, which cause severe threats to the environment. Features of the book: Elucidates systematic information on various types of environmental contaminants, and their fate and consequences Discusses contaminants such as endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical waste, and personal care products Provides an overview of physicochemical and biological treatment technologies for sustainable development Details recent research finding in the area of environmental contaminants and their future challenges

Phytoremediation

Download Phytoremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319523813
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation by : Abid A. Ansari

Download or read book Phytoremediation written by Abid A. Ansari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-29 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation”, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Many chapters highlight and compare the efficiency and economic advantages of phytoremediation to currently practiced soil and water treatment practices. Volume 5 of Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants provides the capstone of the series. Taken together, the five volumes provide a broad–based global synopsis of the current applications of phytoremediation using plants and the microbial communities associated with their roots to decontaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

PHYTOREMEDIATION: ROLE OF AQUATIC PLANTS TO TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT

Download PHYTOREMEDIATION: ROLE OF AQUATIC PLANTS TO TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Dr. A.K KUSHWAHA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis PHYTOREMEDIATION: ROLE OF AQUATIC PLANTS TO TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT by : DR. A. K. KUSHWAHA

Download or read book PHYTOREMEDIATION: ROLE OF AQUATIC PLANTS TO TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT written by DR. A. K. KUSHWAHA and published by Dr. A.K KUSHWAHA. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytoremediation is an emerging cleanup technology for contaminated soils, groundwater, and wastewater that is both low-tech and low-cost. The cleanup technology is defined as the use of green plants to remove, contain, or render harmless such environmental contaminants as heavy metals, trace elements, organic compounds and radioactive compounds in soil or water. Phytoremediation takes advantage of the unique and selective uptake capabilities of plant root systems together with the translocation, bioaccumulation, and contaminant storage/degradation abilities of the entire plant. In the present study Hydrilla verticillata, Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor aquatic plants are used as phytoremediation treatment of the physico chemical characteristics of effluent. CONTENTS CHAPTER PARTICULARS Chapter- 1 Introduction Chapter- 2 Review of Literature Chapter- 3 Material and Methods 3.1 SAMPLING OF EFFLUENT : 3.2 WATER ANALYSIS : 3.2.1 pH : 3.2.2 TOTAL SOLIDS : 3.2.3 TOTAL DISSOLVE SOLIDS : 3.2.4 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS : 3.2.5 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) : 3.2.6 DISSOLVED OXYGEN : 3.2.7 PHOSPHATE : 3.2.8 SULPHATE : 3.3 CULTURE OF AQUATIC PLANTS : 3.4 FRESH MATTER YIELD : 3.5 DRY MATTER YIELD : 3.6 CHLOROPHYLL : 3.7 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS : 3.8 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : Chapter- 4 Experimental Findings. 4. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFLUENT TREATED WITH AQUATIC PLANTS AS PHYTOREMEDIATION 4.1 : pH 4.2 : TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS) 4.3 : TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) 4.4: TOTAL SOLIDS (TS) 4.5: BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) 4.5: DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) 4.6: SULPHATE 4.7: PHOSPHATE 5. EFFECT OF EFFLUENT ON GROWTH AND COMPOSITION OF AQUATIC PLANTS 5.1. (a) : Fresh Matter Yield - Hydrilla verticillata 5.1 (b) : Fresh Matter Yield - Pistia stratiotes 5.1 (c) : Fresh Matter Yield - Lemna minor 5.2. (a) : Dry Matter Yield - Hydrilla verticillata 5.2. (b) : Dry Matter Yield - Pistia stratiotes 5.2. (c) : Dry Matter Yield - Lemna minor 5.3 (a) : Chlorophyll - Hydrilla verticillata 5.3 (b) : Chlorophyll - Pistia stratiotes 5.3. (c) : Chlorophyll - Lemna minor Chapter- 5 Discussion Chapter- 6 Summary Bibliography

Phytoremediation

Download Phytoremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471459321
Total Pages : 1019 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (714 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation by : Steven C. McCutcheon

Download or read book Phytoremediation written by Steven C. McCutcheon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-04-05 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytormediation is an exciting new method for controlling and cleaning up hazardous wastes using green plants. This book is the first to compile the state of the science and engineering arts in this rapidly advancing field. Phytormediation: Approaches the subject from the perspectives of biochemistry, genetics, toxicology, and pathway analysis. Is written by two of the premier experts in the field.

Phytoremediation

Download Phytoremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319996517
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation by : Abid A. Ansari

Download or read book Phytoremediation written by Abid A. Ansari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation”, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, metalloids, fuel and oil hydrocarbons, nano particles, pesticides, solvents, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Many chapters highlight and compare the efficiency and economic advantages of phytoremediation and nano-phytoremediation to currently practiced soil and water treatment practices. Volume 6 of Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants continues the series. Taken together, the six volumes provide a broad–based global synopsis of the current applications of phytoremediation using plants and the microbial communities associated with their roots to decontaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Aquatic Macrophytes: Ecology, Functions and Services

Download Aquatic Macrophytes: Ecology, Functions and Services PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819938228
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Aquatic Macrophytes: Ecology, Functions and Services by : Sanjeev Kumar

Download or read book Aquatic Macrophytes: Ecology, Functions and Services written by Sanjeev Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-24 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive collection of information about the features, functions, and services of aquatic macrophytes. As primary producers, aquatic macrophytes form the basis of food webs, play a major role in highly productive aquatic ecosystems, and have a significant impact on ecosystem functions and services. Macrophytes are also known to strongly influence the micro-climate and biogeochemical processes occurring in the littoral zones of marine ecosystems and the sediment dynamics of freshwater systems. They also serve as highly effective carbon sinks and play an important role in carbon sequestration. This book deals with various aspects of aquatic macrophytes, including nutrient recycling, biogeochemical processes, biomass production, wetland ecosystems, water resource management, carbon sequestration, environmental clean-up, and bioenergy production. Additionally, it presents the current status of aquatic macrophytes and discusses the impact of climate change on these plants. The book also highlights the major challenges associated with harnessing the benefits provided by aquatic macrophytes as ecosystem services. The book holds value and relevance for academicians and scientists working in the related domain. Additionally, it will serve as a valuable resource for students and researchers working in the field of ecology, biogeochemistry, wetland conservation, phytoremediation, elements biomonitoring, wastewater management, bioenergy production, etc.

Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollutants

Download Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollutants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351665626
Total Pages : 823 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollutants by : Ram Chandra

Download or read book Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollutants written by Ram Chandra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytoremediation aids to augment bioremediation as it uses broad range plants to remediate soil, sediment, surface water and ground water that have been contaminated with toxic metals, organic, pesticides and radionuclides. This book serves to disseminate detailed up to date knowledge regarding the various aspects of phytoremediation and plant-microbe interaction. The book highlights process and molecular mechanisms for industrial waste detoxification during phytoremediation in wetland plants, role of endophytic bacteria for phytoremediation of environmental pollutants, constructed wetland treatment system for treatment and recycling of hazardous wastewater, amongst other relevant topics. Key Features: Focuses on phytoremediation process for different pollutants, mainly heavy metal detoxification in the presence of other co-pollutants. Includes plant-soil-microbe interactions in phytoremediations and remediation of contaminated water. Explores life cycle assessment of industrial waste contaminated site with organic pollutants. Discusses hyperaccumulator versus non-hyperaccumulator plants for environmental waste management. Includes bacterial assisted phytoremediation and siderophore formation in specific environmental conditions.

Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals

Download Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals by : Ilya Raskin

Download or read book Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals written by Ilya Raskin and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2000 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth look at the most promising technology for metal remediation. With current cleanup methodologies offering no real solution to the serious environmental implications of toxic metal contamination, there is a growing need among remediation professionals for effective, affordable, nonpolluting alternatives to energy-intensive engineering processes. This book presents one such promising alternative-the extraordinary new technology of phytoremediation. Through first-rate contributions from the top scientists in the field, Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals surveys worldwide pioneering efforts in the use of plants to treat contamination of such metals as lead, cadmium, chromium, and even radionuclides. The authors explore all major aspects of the technology-how it utilizes the metal-accumulating properties of selected or engineered plants to remove toxic metals from soils and water, how to transfer knowledge from the laboratory to the field, and what methods are most viable for commercial application. Complete, state-of-the-art coverage includes: * The economic advantages of plant-based technology * Regulatory considerations for future phytoremediation * Phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytofiltration of toxic metals * Photostabilization of metals using hybrid poplar trees * Phytovolatilization for the special case of mercury and selenium * The biological mechanisms of metal-accumulating plants