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Physique Et Chimie
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Book Synopsis Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards by : United States. National Bureau of Standards
Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sample Preparation Handbook for Transmission Electron Microscopy by : Jeanne Ayache
Download or read book Sample Preparation Handbook for Transmission Electron Microscopy written by Jeanne Ayache and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-03 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful transmission electron microscopy in all of its manifestations depends on the quality of the specimens examined. Biological specimen preparation protocols have usually been more rigorous and time consuming than those in the physical sciences. For this reason, there has been a wealth of scienti?c literature detailing speci?c preparation steps and numerous excellent books on the preparation of b- logical thin specimens. This does not mean to imply that physical science specimen preparation is trivial. For the most part, most physical science thin specimen pre- ration protocols can be executed in a matter of a few hours using straightforward steps. Over the years, there has been a steady stream of papers written on various aspects of preparing thin specimens from bulk materials. However, aside from s- eral seminal textbooks and a series of book compilations produced by the Material Research Society in the 1990s, no recent comprehensive books on thin spe- men preparation have appeared until this present work, ?rst in French and now in English. Everyone knows that the data needed to solve a problem quickly are more imp- tant than ever. A modern TEM laboratory with supporting SEMs, light microscopes, analytical spectrometers, computers, and specimen preparation equipment is an investment of several million US dollars. Fifty years ago, electropolishing, chemical polishing, and replication methods were the principal specimen preparation me- ods.
Book Synopsis The Physics of Phase Transitions by : Pierre Papon
Download or read book The Physics of Phase Transitions written by Pierre Papon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Physics of Phase Transitions occupies an important place at the crossroads of several fields central to materials sciences. This second edition incorporates new developments in the states of matter physics, in particular in the domain of nanomaterials and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates where progress is accelerating. New information and application examples are included. This work deals with all classes of phase transitions in fluids and solids, containing chapters on evaporation, melting, solidification, magnetic transitions, critical phenomena, superconductivity, and more. End-of-chapter problems and complete answers are included.
Book Synopsis Molecular Semiconductors by : J. Simon
Download or read book Molecular Semiconductors written by J. Simon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past thirty years considerable efforts have been made to design the synthesis and the study of molecular semiconductors. Molecular semiconductors - and more generally molecular materials - involve interactions between individual subunits which can be separately synthesized. Organic and metallo-organic derivatives are the basis of most of the molecular materials. A survey of the literature on molecular semiconductors leaves one rather confused. It does seem to be very difficult to correlate the molecular structure of these semiconductors with their experimental electrical properties. For inorganic materials a simple definition delimits a fairly homogeneous family. If an inorganic material has a conductivity intermediate between that of an 12 1 1 3 1 1 insulator « 10- n- cm- ) and that of a metal (> 10 n- cm- ), then it is a semiconductor and will exhibit the characteristic properties of this family, such as junction formation, photoconductivity, and the photovoltaic effect. For molecular compounds, such simplicity is certainly not the case. A huge number of molecular and macromolecular systems have been described which possess an intermediate conductivity. However, the various attempts which have been made to rationalize their properties have, more often than not, failed. Even very basic electrical properties such as the mechanism of the charge carrier formation or the nature and the density ofthe dopants are not known in detail. The study of molecular semiconductor junctions is very probably the most powerful approach to shed light on these problems.
Book Synopsis Molecular Fluorescence by : Bernard Valeur
Download or read book Molecular Fluorescence written by Bernard Valeur and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the well-established bestseller is completely updated and revised with approximately 30 % additional material, including two new chapters on applications, which has seen the most significant developments. The comprehensive overview written at an introductory level covers fundamental aspects, principles of instrumentation and practical applications, while providing many valuable tips. For photochemists and photophysicists, physical chemists, molecular physicists, biophysicists, biochemists and biologists, lecturers and students of chemistry, physics, and biology.
Book Synopsis The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colours, and Their Applications to the Arts by : Michel Eugène Chevreul
Download or read book The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colours, and Their Applications to the Arts written by Michel Eugène Chevreul and published by . This book was released on 1860 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Spatio-Temporal Cellular Structures by : Innocent Mutabazi
Download or read book Dynamics of Spatio-Temporal Cellular Structures written by Innocent Mutabazi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of Benard's discovery on 20th century physics is crucial to any modern research area such as fluid dynamics, nonlinear dynamics, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, just to name a few. This centenary review shows the broad scope and development including modern applications, edited and written by experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Disorder and Fracture by : J.C. Charmet
Download or read book Disorder and Fracture written by J.C. Charmet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1990 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixteen papers (lectures) from the June 1989 Institute are grouped in sections covering tools, diffusion-limited aggregation model, statistical models of fracture, rheology and fracture, and materials and applications. The papers range from theoretical concepts to practical applications. Each section has a brief introduction which summarizes the links between different papers. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Thermal Stability of Metastable Magnetic Skyrmions by : Louise Desplat
Download or read book Thermal Stability of Metastable Magnetic Skyrmions written by Louise Desplat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy cost associated with modern information technologies has been increasing exponentially over time, stimulating the search for alternative information storage and processing devices. Magnetic skyrmions are solitonic nanometer-scale quasiparticles whose unique topological properties can be thought of as that of a Mobius strip. Skyrmions are envisioned as information carriers in novel information processing and storage devices with low power consumption and high information density. As such, they could contribute to solving the energy challenge. In order to be used in applications, isolated skyrmions must be thermally stable at the scale of years. In this work, their stability is studied through two main approaches: the Kramers' method in the form of Langer's theory, and the forward flux sampling method. Good agreement is found between the two methods. We find that small skyrmions possess low internal energy barriers, but are stabilized by a large activation entropy. This is a direct consequence of the existence of stable modes of deformation of the skyrmion. Additionally, frustrated exchange that arises at some transition metal interfaces leads to new collapse paths in the form of the partial nucleation of the corresponding antiparticle, as merons and antimerons.
Book Synopsis Symmetry and Symmetry-Breaking in Semiconductors by : Bernd Hönerlage
Download or read book Symmetry and Symmetry-Breaking in Semiconductors written by Bernd Hönerlage and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses group theory investigations of zincblende and wurtzite semiconductors under symmetry-breaking conditions. The text presents the group theory elements required to develop a multitude of symmetry-breaking problems, giving scientists a fast track to bypass the need for recalculating electronic states. The text is not only a valuable resource for speeding up calculations but also illustrates the construction of effective Hamiltonians for a chosen set of electronic states in crystalline semiconductors. Since Hamiltonians have to be invariant under the transformations of the point group, the crystal symmetry determines the multiplet structure of these states in the presence of spin-orbit, crystal-field, or exchange interactions. Symmetry-breaking leads to additional coupling of the states, resulting in shifts and/or splittings of the multiplets. Such interactions may be intrinsic, as in the case of the quasi-particle dispersion, or extrinsic, induced by magnetic, electric, or strain fields. Using a power expansion of the perturbations these interaction terms can be determined in their parameterized form in a unique way. The hierarchic structure of this invariant development allows to estimate the importance of particular symmetry-breaking effects in the Hamiltonian. A number of selected experimental curves are included to illustrate the symmetry-based discussions, which are especially important in optical spectroscopy. This text is written for graduate students and researchers who want to understand and simulate experimental findings reflecting the fine structure of electronic or excitonic states in crystalline semiconductors.
Book Synopsis Kinetic Theory of Particles and Photons by : Joachim Oxenius
Download or read book Kinetic Theory of Particles and Photons written by Joachim Oxenius and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many laboratory and astrophysical plasmas show deviations from local ther modynamic equilibrium (LTE). This monograph develops non-LTE plasma spectroscopy as a kinetic theory of particles and photons, considering the radiation field as a photon gas whose distribution function (the radiation in tensity) obeys a kinetic equation (the radiative transfer equation), just as the distribution functions of particles obey kinetic equations. Such a unified ap proach provides clear insight into the physics of non-LTE plasmas. Chapter 1 treats the principle of detailed balance, of central importance for understanding the non-LTE effects in plasmas. Chapters 2, 3 deal with kinetic equations of particles and photons, respectively, followed by a chapter on the fluid description of gases with radiative interactions. Chapter 5 is devoted to the H theorem, and closes the more general first part of the book. The last two chapters deal with more specific topics. After briefly discuss ing optically thin plasmas, Chap. 6 treats non-LTE line transfer by two-level atoms, the line profile coefficients of three-level atoms, and non-Maxwellian electron distribution functions. Chapter 7 discusses topics where momentum exchange between matter and radiation is crucial: the approach to thermal equilibrium through interaction with blackbody radiation, radiative forces, and Compton scattering. A number of appendices have been added to make the book self-contained and to treat more special questions. In particular, Appendix B contains an in troductory discussion of atomic line profile coefficients.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Energetics by : Ken Sekimoto
Download or read book Stochastic Energetics written by Ken Sekimoto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stochastic Energetics by now commonly designates the emerging field that bridges the gap between stochastic dynamical processes and thermodynamics. Triggered by the vast improvements in spatio-temporal resolution in nanotechnology, stochastic energetics develops a framework for quantifying individual realizations of a stochastic process on the mesoscopic scale of thermal fluctuations. This is needed to answer such novel questions as: Can one cool a drop of water by agitating an immersed nano-particle? How does heat flow if a Brownian particle pulls a polymer chain? Can one measure the free-energy of a system through a single realization of the associated stochastic process? This book will take the reader gradually from the basics to the applications: Part I provides the necessary background from stochastic dynamics (Langevin, master equation), Part II introduces how stochastic energetics describes such basic notions as heat and work on the mesoscopic scale, Part III details several applications, such as control and detection processes, as well as free-energy transducers. It aims in particular at researchers and graduate students working in the fields of nanoscience and technology.
Book Synopsis Remote Assessment of Ocean Color for Interpretation of Satellite Visible Imagery by : H. R. Gordon
Download or read book Remote Assessment of Ocean Color for Interpretation of Satellite Visible Imagery written by H. R. Gordon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the pioneering work of Clarke et a1. (1970) it has been known that chlorophyll a (or. more generally. pigments) contained in phytoplankton in near-surface waters produced systematic variations in the color of the ocean which could be observed from aircraft. As a direct result of this work. NASA developed the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). which was launched on Nimbus-G (now Nimbus-7) in October 1978. (A short description of the CZCS is provided in Appendix I. ) Shortly before launch. at the IUCRM Colloquium on Passive Radiometry of the Ocean (June 1978). a working group on water color measurements was formed to assess water color remote sensing at that time. A report (Morel and Gordon. 1980) was prepared which summarized the state-of-the-art of the algorithms for atmospheric correction. and phytoplankton pigment and seston retrieval. and which included recommendations concerning the design of next generation sensors. The water color session of the COSPAR/SCOR/IUCRM Symposium 'Oceanography from Space' held in Venice (May 1980. i. e •• in the post-launch period) provided the opportunity for a reassessment of the state-of-the-art after having gained some experience in the analysis of the initial CZCS imagery. Such an assessment is the purpose of this review paper. which will begin with an outline of the basic physics of water color remote sensing and the fundamentals of atmospheric corrections. The present state of the constituent retrieval and atmospheric correction algorithms will then be critically assessed.
Book Synopsis Advances in the Theory of Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics by : Philip E. Hoggan
Download or read book Advances in the Theory of Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics written by Philip E. Hoggan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the Theory of Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics is a collection of 32 selected papers from the scientific contributions presented at the 15th International Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics (QSCP-XV), held at Magdalene College, Cambridge, UK, from August 31st to September 5th, 2010. This volume discusses the state of the art, new trends, and the future of methods in molecular quantum mechanics and their applications to a wide range of problems in chemistry, physics, and biology. The breadth and depth of the scientific topics discussed during QSCP-XV are gathered in seven sections: I. Fundamental Theory; II. Model Atoms; III. Atoms and Molecules with Exponential-Type Orbitals; IV. Density-Oriented Methods; V. Dynamics and Quantum Monte-Carlo Methodology; VI. Structure and Reactivity; VII. Complex Systems, Solids, Biophysics. Advances in the Theory of Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics is written for research students and professionals in Quantum systems of chemistry and physics. It also constitutes and invaluable guide for those wishing to familiarize themselves with research perspectives in the domain of quantum systems for thematic conversion or simply to gain insight into the methodological developments and applications to physics chemistry and biology that have actually become feasible by the end of 2010.
Book Synopsis Advances in Quantum Systems in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology by : Liliana Mammino
Download or read book Advances in Quantum Systems in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology written by Liliana Mammino and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited, multi-author book gathers selected, peer-reviewed contributions based on papers presented at the 23rd International Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology (QSCP-XXIII), held in Mopani Camp, The Kruger National Park, South Africa, in September 2018. The content is primarily intended for scholars, researchers, and graduate students working at universities and scientific institutes who are interested in the structure, properties, dynamics, and spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, biological systems, and condensed matter.
Book Synopsis Reaction Rate Constant Computations by : Keli Han
Download or read book Reaction Rate Constant Computations written by Keli Han and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reaction rate constant plays an essential role a wide range of processes in biology, chemistry and physics. Calculating the reaction rate constant provides considerable understanding to a reaction and this book presents the latest thinking in modern rate computational theory. The editors have more than 30 years' experience in researching the theoretical computation of chemical reaction rate constants by global dynamics and transition state theories and have brought together a global pool of expertise discussing these in a variety of contexts and across all phases. This thorough treatment of the subject provides an essential handbook to students and researchers entering the field and a comprehensive reference to established practitioners across the sciences, providing better tools to determining reaction rate constants.
Book Synopsis A World From Dust by : Ben McFarland
Download or read book A World From Dust written by Ben McFarland and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A World From Dust describes how a set of chemical rules combined with the principles of evolution in order to create an environment in which life as we know it could unfold. Beginning with simple mathematics, these predictable rules led to the advent of the planet itself, as well as cells, organs and organelles, ecosystems, and increasingly complex life forms. McFarland provides an accessible discussion of a geological history as well, describing how the inorganic matter on Earth underwent chemical reactions with air and water, allowing for life to emerge from the world's first rocks. He traces the history of life all the way to modern neuroscience, and shows how the bioelectric signals that make up the human brain were formed. Most popular science books on the topic present either the physics of how the universe formed, or the biology of how complex life came about; this book's approach would be novel in that it condenses in an engaging way the chemistry that links the two fields. This book is an accessible and multidisciplinary look at how life on our planet came to be, and how it continues to develop and change even today. This book includes 40 illustrations by Gala Bent, print artist and studio faculty member at Cornish College of the Arts, and Mary Anderson, medical illustrator.
