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Physiological And Genetic Studies On Seed Dormancy And Preharvest Sprouting Resistance In Wheat Triticum Aestivum L
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Book Synopsis Physiological and Genetic Studies on Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : Craig F. Morris
Download or read book Physiological and Genetic Studies on Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by Craig F. Morris and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seed Dormancy, Germination and Pre-Harvest Sprouting by : Chengdao Li
Download or read book Seed Dormancy, Germination and Pre-Harvest Sprouting written by Chengdao Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) are two of the biggest grain quality defects that grain growers encounter. About 50 percent of the global wheat crop is affected by pre-harvest sprouting to various degrees. Pre-harvest sprouting is a genetically-based quality defect and results in the presence of alpha-amylase in otherwise sound mature grain. It can range from perhaps undetectable to severe damage on grain and is measured by the falling numbers or alpha-amylase activity. This is an international issue, with sprouting damage lowering the value of crops to growers, seed and grain merchants, millers, maltsters, bakers, other processors, and ultimately the consumer. As such it has attracted attention from researchers in many biological and non-biological disciplines. The 13th International Symposium on Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Cereals was held 18-20 September, 2016 in Perth to discuss current findings of grain physiology, genetic pathways, trait expression and screening methods related to pre-harvest sprouting and LMA. This event followed the previous symposium in 2012 in Canada.
Book Synopsis Preharvest Sprouting Resistance and Grain Dormancy in White-kernelled Wheats by : Andrew Hoffman Paterson
Download or read book Preharvest Sprouting Resistance and Grain Dormancy in White-kernelled Wheats written by Andrew Hoffman Paterson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Dormancy, Preharvest Sprouting Tolerance and how They are Influenced by the Environment During Grain Filling and Maturation in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : Thomas Benjamin Biddulph
Download or read book Mechanisms of Dormancy, Preharvest Sprouting Tolerance and how They are Influenced by the Environment During Grain Filling and Maturation in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by Thomas Benjamin Biddulph and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Wheat is the main crop in Australia and there are stringent quality requirements. Preharvest sprouting induced by rainfall between maturity and harvest lowers grain quality from premium to feed grades and reduces yield. Wheat production has expanded into the southern Western Australian region where preharvest sprouting occurs in ~1 in 4 seasons and development of more preharvest sprouting tolerant genotypes is required. The main mechanism for improving preharvest sprouting tolerance is grain dormancy. There is genetic variation for dormancy based in the embryo and seed coat but dormancy is complex and is influenced by environmental conditions during grain filling and maturation. Screening and selecting for preharvest sprouting tolerance is problematic and the level of tolerance needed for regions which differ in the level of dormancy they impose, requires clarification. The research presented here aims to answer the underlying question for breeders of how much dormancy is required for preharvest sprouting tolerance in contrasting target environments of the central and coastal wheat belt regions of Western Australia. In the central and coastal wheat belt regions, field trials with modified environments were used to determine the environmental influence on dormancy. Water supply (without directly wetting the grain) and air temperature were modified during grain development in a range of genotypes with different mechanisms of dormancy to determine the influence of environment on dormancy. ... Genotypes with embryo dormancy were consistently the most preharvest sprouting tolerant, even though this dormancy was influenced by the environmental conditions in the different seasons. Pyramiding the embryo component with the specific seed coat component and/or awnless head trait removed some of the environmental variation in preharvest sprouting tolerance, but this was generally considered excessive to the environmental requirements. The methods developed here, of field imposed stresses may provide a valuable tool to further understand the influence of environment on the regulation of dormancy, as different phenotypes can be made with the same genotype. Moisture stress, sudden changes in water supply or high temperatures during the late dough stages influenced dormancy phenotype and should be considered and avoided if possible when selecting locations and running trials for screening for genetic differences in preharvest sprouting tolerance. In the Western Australian context, the embryo component of dormancy appeared to be sufficient and should be adopted as the most important trait for breeding for preharvest sprouting tolerance.
Book Synopsis Annual Plant Reviews, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination by : Kent Bradford
Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination written by Kent Bradford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation, dispersal and germination of seeds are crucial stages in the life cycles of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. The unique properties of seeds, particularly their tolerance to desiccation, their mobility, and their ability to schedule their germination to coincide with times when environmental conditions are favorable to their survival as seedlings, have no doubt contributed significantly to the success of seed-bearing plants. Humans are also dependent upon seeds, which constitute the majority of the world’s staple foods (e.g., cereals and legumes). Seeds are an excellent system for studying fundamental developmental processes in plant biology, as they develop from a single fertilized zygote into an embryo and endosperm, in association with the surrounding maternal tissues. As genetic and molecular approaches have become increasingly powerful tools for biological research, seeds have become an attractive system in which to study a wide array of metabolic processes and regulatory systems. Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination provides a comprehensive overview of seed biology from the point of view of the developmental and regulatory processes that are involved in the transition from a developing seed through dormancy and into germination and seedling growth. It examines the complexity of the environmental, physiological, molecular and genetic interactions that occur through the life cycle of seeds, along with the concepts and approaches used to analyze seed dormancy and germination behavior. It also identifies the current challenges and remaining questions for future research. The book is directed at plant developmental biologists, geneticists, plant breeders, seed biologists and graduate students.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Preharvest Sprouting on Seed Germination, Storability, and Field Performance of Four Winter Wheat Varieties (Triticum Aestivum L.) Grown in Michigan by : Sabry Gobran Elias
Download or read book The Effect of Preharvest Sprouting on Seed Germination, Storability, and Field Performance of Four Winter Wheat Varieties (Triticum Aestivum L.) Grown in Michigan written by Sabry Gobran Elias and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seeds written by J. Derek Bewley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated and much revised third edition of Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy provides a thorough overview of seed biology and incorporates much of the progress that has been made during the past fifteen years. With an emphasis on placing information in the context of the seed, this new edition includes recent advances in the areas of molecular biology of development and germination, as well as fresh insights into dormancy, ecophysiology, desiccation tolerance, and longevity. Authored by preeminent authorities in the field, this book is an invaluable resource for researchers, teachers, and students interested in the diverse aspects of seed biology.
Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Seeds by : J. Derek Bewley
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Seeds written by J. Derek Bewley and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first scholarly reference work to cover all the major scientific themes and facets of the subject of seeds. It outlines the latest fundamental biological knowledge about seeds, together with the principles of agricultural seed processing, storage and sowing, the food and industrial uses of seeds, and the roles of seeds in history, economies and cultures. With contributions from 110 expert authors worldwide, the editors have created 560 authoritative articles, illustrated with plentiful tables, figures, black-and-white and color photographs, suggested further reading matter and 670 supplementary definitions. The contents are alphabetically arranged and cross-referenced to connect related entries.
Book Synopsis Effect of High Temperature Shock During Grain Maturation on Dormancy of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Analysis of TaDOG1 by : Cong Rong Cheng
Download or read book Effect of High Temperature Shock During Grain Maturation on Dormancy of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Analysis of TaDOG1 written by Cong Rong Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is the germination of seed under wet environmental conditions whilst still on the mother plant prior to harvest. In wheat, PHS causes farmers substantial economic losses due to quality downgrading. A high level of dormancy is regarded as an important mechanism of resistance to PHS in cereal species, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Many dormancy quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified and the corresponding genes that impart tolerance to PHS are actively being sought. Besides genetic factors, environmental conditions during grain maturation have been shown to have profound effects on dormancy. These environmental factors include temperature, light, drought and nutrients. This project aimed to determine the role of high temperature shock during wheat seed maturation on its dormancy at harvest-ripeness. The results of these experiments showed that seed of dormant or intermediate dormant wheat genotypes may have lower dormancy levels after experiencing a high temperature shock (5 days of 40°C). The highest sensitivity towards high temperature shock is limited to a short "window" of approximately five days starting around 25 dpa. The sensitivity increases and reaches a peak at 25 to 30 days post anthesis (dpa), causing an effective and quicker release of dormancy. The sensitivity later decreases and high temperature becomes less influential on dormancy. For the dormant genotype SUN325B, release from dormancy occurred 35 days earlier if treated with temperature shock. There was no significant correlation between the timing of the peak of sensitivity and factors such as daily temperatures before temperature shock, humidity or subsequent grain moisture losses. However, the stronger the intensity (40°C versus 35°C) and longer duration (5 days versus
Book Synopsis Genetic and Hormonal Mechanisms Controlling Grain Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting Tolerance in White Wheat by : Shantel Amealia Martinez
Download or read book Genetic and Hormonal Mechanisms Controlling Grain Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting Tolerance in White Wheat written by Shantel Amealia Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preharvest sprouting (PHS), germination of mature grain while still on the mother plant, occurs when conditions become cool and wet before harvest. The hydrolytic enzyme ?-amylase, induced during germination, mobilizes starch into simple carbohydrates to fuel seedling growth. Because this enzyme activity in flour causes poor end-use quality, sprouted grain sells at a severe discount. The falling number (FN) test measures ?-amylase activity in wheat meal or flour in the wheat industry. Seed dormancy, the inability to germinate even under favorable conditions, contributes about 60--80 % of genetic PHS tolerance. Red wheat varieties have higher seed dormancy and PHS tolerance than white. To improve white wheat, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) examined the genetic architecture of PHS tolerance in 469 soft white winter wheat accessions. Based on FN after natural or artificial rain, the GWAS identified 9 QTL (QFN.wsu), of which 4 co-localized with known PHS QTL and 3 with known FN/quality QTL. Based on visible sprout in spike-wetting tests, the GWAS identified 34 QTL (QPHS.wsu), of which 19 co-localized with known PHS loci and genes such as MOTHER OF FLOWERING TIME (TaMFT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (TaMKK3-A). PHS tolerance in white wheat can result from higher sensitivity to the seed dormancy-inducing hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Enhanced Response to ABA (ERA8 ) is a semi-dominant ABA hypersensitive mutant, resulting in increased seed dormancy and PHS tolerance in the soft white spring wheat 'Zak'. The ERA8 locus was mapped to a large region of chromosome 4A relative to mutagen-induced SNPs in a Zak/ZakERA8 backcross population using bulk segregant analysis (BSA) of exome sequence from BC 3F2:3 wild-type and mutant DNA. Fine mapping using mutagen-induced SNPs in additional backcross lines localized ERA8 to a 4.5 Mb region containing 70 predicted genes. The only mutagen-induced coding region mutation strongly linked to ERA8 (LOD 16.51) resulted in a missense mutation in MKK3-A, a gene involved in Arabidopsis ABA signaling. Natural variation in wheat and barley MKK3 was previously shown to control seed dormancy and PHS tolerance.
Book Synopsis Seed Longevity and Dormancy in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : Mian Abdur Rehman Arif
Download or read book Seed Longevity and Dormancy in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by Mian Abdur Rehman Arif and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and marker trait associations (MTAs) controlling seed longevity and dormancy in wheat using one bi-parental and two association mapping populations. QTL analysis of bi-parental 'International Triticeae Mapping Initiative' population reproduced in two different seasons resulted in the identification of one major and nine minor QTLs for seed longevity. There was one major QTL for dormancy observed on chromosome 4AL. The location of this QTL does not match with any of the longevity QTLs. One set of 96 winter wheat accessions (advanced gemplasm collection) and one set of 183 accessions consisting of a mixture of spring and winter wheat (genebank collection) revealed 73 and 340 MTAs for seed longevity, respectively. Of the 340 MTAs, 134 MTAs were observed after long term cold storage but the others after experimental ageing in genebank collection. The associations were distributed over all the wheat chromosomes except 4D which was not covered with markers. Results obtained after long term cold storage and experimental ageing did match only to some extent in this study which could be due to different quality of seeds produced during different seasons. However, it also can be proposed that different mechanisms are involved during deterioration in cold storage over long periods and decaying during artificial ageing treatments. For dormancy, there were 68 and 118 MTAs identified in the advanced germplasm collection and genebank collection, respectively, in addition to one major QTL on chromosome 4A in the ITMI population. Similarly, pre-harvest sprouting revealed 32 and 193 MTAs in case of advanced germplasm collection and genebank accessions, respectively. Co-linearity was found among wheat, rice and barley for loci influencing dormancy and PHS.
Book Synopsis Pre-harvest Sprouting and Seed Dormancy in Hard Red and Hard Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : Andrew James McCrate
Download or read book Pre-harvest Sprouting and Seed Dormancy in Hard Red and Hard Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by Andrew James McCrate and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pre-harvest Sprouting in Cereals 1992 by : M. K. Walker-Simmons
Download or read book Pre-harvest Sprouting in Cereals 1992 written by M. K. Walker-Simmons and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal reference for food chemists, physiologists, geneticists, and grain science researchers.
Book Synopsis Physiological, Molecular, and Genetic Perspectives of Wheat Improvement by : Shabir H Wani
Download or read book Physiological, Molecular, and Genetic Perspectives of Wheat Improvement written by Shabir H Wani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World population is growing at an alarming rate and may exceed 9.7 billion by 2050, whereas agricultural productivity has been negatively affected due to yield limiting factors such as biotic and abiotic stresses as a result of global climate change. Wheat is a staple crop for ~20% of the world population and its yield needs be augmented correspondingly in order to satisfy the demands of our increasing world population. “Green revolution”, the introduction of semi-dwarf, high yielding wheat varieties along with improved agronomic management practices, gave rise to a substantial increase in wheat production and self-sufficiency in developing countries that include Mexico, India and other south Asian countries. Since the late 1980’s, however, wheat yield is at a standoff with little fluctuation. The current trend is thus insufficient to meet the demands of an increasing world population. Therefore, while conventional breeding has had a great impact on wheat yield, with climate change becoming a reality, newer molecular breeding and management tools are needed to meet the goal of improving wheat yield for the future. With the advance in our understanding of the wheat genome and more importantly, the role of environmental interactions on productivity, the idea of genomic selection has been proposed to select for multi-genic quantitative traits early in the breeding cycle. Accordingly genomic selection may remodel wheat breeding with gain that is predicted to be 3 to 5 times that of crossbreeding. Phenomics (high-throughput phenotyping) is another fairly recent advancement using contemporary sensors for wheat germplasm screening and as a selection tool. Lastly, CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein mediated genome editing technology has been successfully utilized for efficient and specific genome editing of hexaploid bread wheat. In summary, there has been exciting progresses in the development of non-GM wheat plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stress and/or wheat with improved nutritional quality. We believe it is important to highlight these novel research accomplishments for a broader audience, with the hope that our readers will ultimately adopt these powerful technologies for crops improvement in order to meet the demands of an expanding world population.
Book Synopsis Accelerated Breeding of Cereal Crops by : Andriy Bilichak
Download or read book Accelerated Breeding of Cereal Crops written by Andriy Bilichak and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-10-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive collection of methods for plant breeders and researchers working in functional genomics of cereal crops. Chapters detail advances in sequencing of cereal genomes, methods of traditional plant breeding, use of machine learning for genomic selection, random and targeted mutagenesis with CRISPR/Cas9, quantitative proteomics and phenotyping in cereals. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Accelerated Breeding of Cereal Crops aims to be of interest to plant breeders, researchers, postdoctoral fellows, and students working in functional genomics for the development of the next generation of crop plants.
Book Synopsis Physiological and Genetic Studies on Early Vigour of Triticum Aestivum L. and Triticum Spelta L. by : Christian Beglinger
Download or read book Physiological and Genetic Studies on Early Vigour of Triticum Aestivum L. and Triticum Spelta L. written by Christian Beglinger and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Crop Plants Breeding by : Søren K. Rasmussen
Download or read book Molecular Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Crop Plants Breeding written by Søren K. Rasmussen and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue on molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology in crop plant breeding seeks to encourage the use of the tools currently available. It features nine research papers that address quality traits, grain yield, and mutations by exploring cytoplasmic male sterility, the delicate control of flowering in rice, the removal of anti-nutritional factors, the use and development of new technologies for non-model species marker technology, site-directed mutagenesis and GMO regulation, genomics selection and genome-wide association studies, how to cope with abiotic stress, and an exploration of fruit trees adapted to harsh environments for breeding purposes. A further four papers review the genetics of pre-harvest spouting, readiness for climate-smart crop development, genomic selection in the breeding of cereal crops, and the large numbers of mutants in straw lignin biosynthesis and deposition.
