Physics And Sufi Cosmology

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PHYSICS AND SUFI COSMOLOGY

Author : Sardar Irshad Shaheen
Publisher : Fulton Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis PHYSICS AND SUFI COSMOLOGY by : Sardar Irshad Shaheen

Download or read book PHYSICS AND SUFI COSMOLOGY written by Sardar Irshad Shaheen and published by Fulton Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perennial enigma the human mind has been encountering is the meaning of life and its place in the universe. On this subject, science and spirituality remained in discord with each other particularly for the last couple of centuries. The Theory of Relativity followed by quantum mechanics changed the worldview of traditional mindset altogether. The postulates of quantum physics paved the way for growing interest in philosophical spirituality. Theoretical physicist Fritjof Capra's book The Tao of Physics explored parallels between Eastern mysticism and modern science. Toshihiko Izutsu, in his book Sufism and Taoism, found similarities between Taoism and Muslim mysticism or Sufism. The book under review attempts to discover compatibility between Sufism and modern cosmology. It is basically a research book with more than seven hundred (700) citations of authorities of various disciplines, drawing from a vast array of diverse fields, such as physics, philosophy, biology, psychology and spirituality. The book probes into the nature and value of existence which ultimately leads to the direction of interconnection of the universe and human psyche; unity and integration of all things, and ultimately the unity of the whole universe and the whole person. These views are not placed on the shaky foundations of faith but they are based on philosophical logic and scientific facts--regarding importance of man as an observer in the universe, despite appearing insignificant on a point-like planet in the stunning vastness of empty space, and magnificent integration and harmony of the human psyche with the cosmos. These aspects of the book are unique in the sense that they amazingly reveal commonalities between physical and spiritual concepts and explain the phenomenon of existence as a compact whole in a coherent and logical sequence, with a glimpse of futuristic existence. This book may be of particular interest to the academia, research scholars, and students who may find the contents of the book unique and even startling. The author of the book is a research scholar from Pakistan who has been dedicated to exploring the reality of the physical world and human life. He has accentuated quite subtle and intricate issues in his book. His contribution to the relevant subject appears to have originality and, at times, remarkable distinction. The author believes that the contents of this book may not be found in any other single book published so far.

Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul

Author : William C. Chittick
Publisher : ONEWorld Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul by : William C. Chittick

Download or read book Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul written by William C. Chittick and published by ONEWorld Publications. This book was released on 2007-06-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this profound book, William Chittick examines the demise of the Sufi academic tradition, questioning how Islamic thought can be reclaimed from ideology and commercialism.

Cosmology and Architecture in Premodern Islam

Author : Samer Akkach
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791483444
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmology and Architecture in Premodern Islam by : Samer Akkach

Download or read book Cosmology and Architecture in Premodern Islam written by Samer Akkach and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating interdisciplinary study reveals connections between architecture, cosmology, and mysticism. Samer Akkach demonstrates how space ordering in premodern Islamic architecture reflects the transcendental and the sublime. The book features many new translations, a number from unpublished sources, and several illustrations. Referencing a wide range of mystical texts, and with a special focus on the works of the great Sufi master Ibn Arabi, Akkach introduces a notion of spatial sensibility that is shaped by religious conceptions of time and space. Religious beliefs about the cosmos, geography, the human body, and constructed forms are all underpinned by a consistent spatial sensibility anchored in medieval geocentrism. Within this geometrically defined and ordered universe, nothing stands in isolation or ambiguity; everything is interrelated and carefully positioned in an intricate hierarchy. Through detailed mapping of this intricate order, the book shows the significance of this mode of seeing the world for those who lived in the premodern Islamic era and how cosmological ideas became manifest in the buildings and spaces of their everyday lives. This is a highly original work that provides important insights on Islamic aesthetics and culture, on the history of architecture, and on the relationship of art and religion, creativity and spirituality.

Sufi Essays

Author : Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780873952330
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (523 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufi Essays by : Seyyed Hossein Nasr

Download or read book Sufi Essays written by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1972-01-01 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines scholarly research into certain aspect of Sufi doctrines and history with a penetrating account of the spiritual and metaphysical message and significance of Sufism as a living spiritual tradition. In an original discussion, unlike anything that has appeared before in studies of Sufism, the author places special accent on the pertinence of Sufi teachings to the most acute contemporary problems. The book addresses itself to both the ever-increasing Western public interested in Sufism and to the Western-educated Muslim interested in his own spiritual heritage. Dr. Nasr draws on his intimate knowledge of the Sufi literature in Arabic and Persian as well as his first-hand knowledge of Sufi tradition itself to produce this further volume in his numerous studies on the different facets of Islam.

Mystical Astrology According to Ibn 'Arabi

Author : Titus Burckhardt
Publisher : Fons Vitae Titus Burckhardt
ISBN 13 : 9781887752435
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (524 download)

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Book Synopsis Mystical Astrology According to Ibn 'Arabi by : Titus Burckhardt

Download or read book Mystical Astrology According to Ibn 'Arabi written by Titus Burckhardt and published by Fons Vitae Titus Burckhardt. This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique work, providing the underlying spiritual principles lacking in most modern books of astrology. It is accompanied by 12 color plates of a 16th-century Persian manuscript.

Ibn ‘Arabî - Time and Cosmology

Author : Mohamed Haj Yousef
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134065906
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Ibn ‘Arabî - Time and Cosmology by : Mohamed Haj Yousef

Download or read book Ibn ‘Arabî - Time and Cosmology written by Mohamed Haj Yousef and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive attempt to explain Ibn ‘Arabî’s distinctive view of time and its role in the process of creating the cosmos and its relation with the Creator. By comparing this original view with modern theories of physics and cosmology, Mohamed Haj Yousef constructs a new cosmological model that may deepen and extend our understanding of the world, while potentially solving some of the drawbacks in the current models such as the historical Zeno's paradoxes of motion and the recent Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox (EPR) that underlines the discrepancies between Quantum Mechanics and Relativity.

The Sufi Path of Knowledge

Author : William C. Chittick
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791498980
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sufi Path of Knowledge by : William C. Chittick

Download or read book The Sufi Path of Knowledge written by William C. Chittick and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2010-03-31 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ibn al-'Arabi is still known as "the Great Sheik" among the surviving Sufi orders. Born in Muslim Spain, he has become famous in the West as the greatest mystical thinker of Islamic civilization. He was a great philosopher, theologian, and poet. William Chittick takes a major step toward exposing the breadth and depth of Ibn al-'Arabi's vision. The book offers his view of spiritual perfection and explains his theology, ontology, epistemology, hermeneutics, and soteriology. The clear language, unencumbered by methodological jargon, makes it accessible to those familiar with other spiritual traditions, while its scholarly precision will appeal to specialists. Beginning with a survey of Ibn al-'Arabi's major teachings, the book gradually introduces the most important facets of his thought, devoting attention to definitions of his basic terminology. His teachings are illustrated with many translated passages introducing readers to fascinating byways of spiritual life that would not ordinarily be encountered in an account of a thinker's ideas. Ibn al-'Arabi is allowed to describe in detail the visionary world from which his knowledge derives and to express his teachings in his own words. More than 600 passages from his major work, al-Futuhat al-Makkivva, are translated here, practically for the first time. These alone provide twice the text of the Fusus al-hikam. The exhaustive indexes make the work an invaluable reference tool for research in Sufism and Islamic thought in general.

An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines

Author : Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438414196
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines by : Seyyed Hossein Nasr

Download or read book An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines written by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1993-07-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the only book to deal with classical Islamic cosmology as it was formulated by the Ikhwan al-S'afa al Biruni and Ibn Sina during the tenth and eleventh centuries. These figures influenced all the later centuries of Islamic history and in fact created the cosmological framework within which all later scientific activity in the Islamic world was carried out--the enduring image of the cosmos within which Muslims have lived during the past millennium. Nasr writes from within the Islamic tradition and demonstrates how, based on the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet, the figures treated in this work integrated elements drawn from various ancient schools of philosophy and the sciences. This book is unique in its treatment of classical Islamic cosmology as seen from within the Islamic world-view and provides a key for understanding of traditional Islamic thought.

The Self-Disclosure of God

Author : William C. Chittick
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791498964
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis The Self-Disclosure of God by : William C. Chittick

Download or read book The Self-Disclosure of God written by William C. Chittick and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Self-Disclosure of God offers the most detailed presentation to date in any Western language of the basic teachings of Islam's greatest mystical philosopher and theologian. It represents a major step forward in making available to the Western reading public the enormous riches of Islamic teachings in the fields of cosmology, mystical philosophy, theology, and spirituality. The Self-Disclosure of God continues the author's investigations of the world view of Ibn al-ʿArabī, the greatest theoretician of Sufism and the "seal of the Muhammadan saints." The book is divided into three parts, dealing with the relation between God and the cosmos, the structure of the cosmos, and the nature of the human soul. A long introduction orients the reader and discusses a few of the difficulties faced by Ibn al-ʿArabī's interpreters. Like Chittick's earlier work, The Sufi Path of Knowledge, this book is based primarily on Ibn al-ʿArabī's monumental work, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkīyah "The Meccan Openings." More than one hundred complete chapters and subsections are translated, not to mention shorter passages that help put the longer discussions in context. There are detailed indices of sources, Koranic verses and hadiths. The book's index of technical terminology will be an indispensable reference for all those wishing to delve more deeply into the use of language in Islamic thought in general and Sufism in particular.

The Single Monad Model of the Cosmos

Author : Mohamed Haj Yousef
Publisher : Mohamed Haj Yousef
ISBN 13 : 1499779844
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Single Monad Model of the Cosmos by : Mohamed Haj Yousef

Download or read book The Single Monad Model of the Cosmos written by Mohamed Haj Yousef and published by Mohamed Haj Yousef. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ibn Arabi is the only scholar who was able to formulate a unique cosmological model that is capable of explaining our observations as well as many phenomena in physics and cosmology, and even solve some perplexing modern and historical riddles in science and philosophy such as the EPR paradox and Zeno paradoxes of motion. Moreover, the Single Monad Model explains for the first time in history the importance of the “week” as a basic unit of space and time together. This prodigious theory is based on the notion of the intertwining days where Ibn Arabi shows that at every instance of time there is indeed one full week of creation that takes place in the globe. Since its publication in 2008, this book has triggered an overwhelming response, and I hope this expanded edition will help promote further Ibn Arabi's wisdom that is still buried in his multitudes of books and treatises.Ibn 'Arabî is one of the most prominent figures in Islamic history, especially in relation to Sufism and Islamic philosophy and theology. In this book, we want to explore his cosmology and in particular his view of time in that cosmological context, comparing his approaches to the relevant conclusions and principles of modern physics whenever possible. We shall see that Ibn 'Arabî had a unique and comprehensive view of time which has never been discussed by any other philosopher or scientist, before or even after Ibn 'Arabî. In the final two chapters, we shall discuss some of the ways his novel view of time and cosmology may be used to build a complete model of the cosmos that may deepen and extend our understanding of the world, while potentially solving some of the drawbacks and paradoxes in the current cosmological models of modern physics. As we discuss in the opening chapter, there is no doubt that time is one of the most important issues in physics, cosmology, philosophy and theology, and hundreds of books and articles have been published in these fields. However, none of these studies have fully developed Ibn 'Arabî's unique view of time in its cosmological dimensions, although his conception of time is indeed central to understanding, for example, his controversial theory of the 'oneness of being'. One possible reason for this relative neglect is the difficult symbolic language he usually used. Also, he didn't discuss this subject at length in any single place in his extant works--not even in chapters 59, 291 and 390 of the Futûhât whose titles relate directly to time--so we must piece together his overall cosmological understanding of time from his scattered treatments in many works and different contexts within his magnum opus, the Futûhât, and other books. Therefore this book may be considered the first comprehensive attempt to set forth all the relevant dimensions of time in Ibn 'Arabî's wider cosmology and cosmogony. To start with, Ibn 'Arabî considers time to be a product of our human 'imagination', without any real, separately existing entity. Nevertheless, he still considers it to be one of the four main constituents of existence. We need this imagined conception of 'time' to chronologically arrange events and what for us are the practically defining motions of the celestial orbs and other physical objects, but for Ibn 'Arabî, real existence is attributable only to the actually existing thing that moves, not to motion nor to time (nor space) in which this motion is observed. Thus Ibn 'Arabî distinguishes between two kinds of time: natural and para-natural, and he explains that they both originate from the two forces of the soul: the active force and the intellective force, respectively. Then he explains that this imaginary time is cyclical, circular, relative, discrete and inhomogeneous. Ibn 'Arabî also gives a precise definition--drawing on the specific usage of the Qur'an and earlier Arab conceptions of time--of the day, daytime and night, showing how these definitions are related to the relative motions of the celestial orbs (including the earth), where every orb has its own 'day', and those days are normally measured by our normal observable day that we count on the earth.

Duality of Time

Author : Mohamed Haj Yousef
Publisher : Mohamed Haj Yousef
ISBN 13 : 1539579204
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Duality of Time by : Mohamed Haj Yousef

Download or read book Duality of Time written by Mohamed Haj Yousef and published by Mohamed Haj Yousef. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Duality of Time Theory is the result of more than two decades of ceaseless investigation and searching through ancient manuscripts of concealed philosophies and mystical traditions, comparing all that with the fundamental results of modern physics and cosmology, until all the contradicting jigsaw pieces were put together into this brilliant portrait. Without the overwhelming proofs and strong confirmations that accumulated over time, it would have been impossible to pursue this long research path, as it was extremely challenging to appreciate the unfathomable secret of time and the consequences of the ongoing perpetual creation of space, that result from the Single Monad Model of the Cosmos. The complex-time geometry of the Duality of Time Theory explains how the physical dimensions of space are sequentially being re-created in the inner levels of time, which makes the outward time genuinely imaginary with respect to the inner real levels. This is easily expressed in terms of the hyperbolic split-complex numbers, that characterize the Relativistic Lorentzian Symmetry. This will have deep implications because space-time has become naturally quantized in a way that explains and unites all the three principles of Relativity, leading to full Quantum Field Theory of Gravity, as well as explaining all the other fundamental interactions in terms of the new granular space-time geometry. This ultimate unification will solve many persisting problems in physics and cosmology. The homogeneity problem, for example, will instantly cease, since the Universe, no matter how large it could be, is re-created sequentially in the inner time, so all the states are updated and synchronized before they appear in the outer level that we encounter. Furthermore, the Duality of Time does not only unify all the fundamental interactions in terms of its genuinely-complex time-time geometry, but it unifies this whole physical world with the two other even more fundamental domains of the psychical and spiritual worlds. All these three conclusive and complementary realms are constructed on the same concept of space-time geometry that together form one single absolute and perfectly symmetrical space. This particular subject is treated at length in the Third Volume of this book series - the Ultimate Symmetry, which explores how the apparent physical and metaphysical multiplicity is emerging from the absolute Oneness of Divine Presence, descending through four fundamental levels of symmetry: ultimate, hyper, super and normal. Among many other astonishing consequences, this astounding conclusion means that the psychical world is composed of atoms and molecules that are identical with the physical world except that they are evolving in orthogonal time direction. It may appear initially impossible to believe how the incorporeal worlds may have the same atomic structure as the physical world, but it is more appropriate to say that physical structures are eventually incorporeal, because they become various wave phenomena and energy interactions as soon as we dive into their microscopic level, as it is now confirmed by Quantum Field Theories. In the Duality of Time Theory, since rigid space is created sequentially in the inner time, energy may become negative, imaginary and even multidimensional, which simply means that all things in creation are various kinds of energy moments that are spreading on different intersecting dimensions of time; so not only mass and energy are equivalent, but also charge and all other physical and metaphysical entities are interconvertible types of energy, including consciousness and information.

Matter and Spirit in the Universe

Author : Helge Kragh
Publisher : Imperial College Press
ISBN 13 : 9781860944857
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (448 download)

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Book Synopsis Matter and Spirit in the Universe by : Helge Kragh

Download or read book Matter and Spirit in the Universe written by Helge Kragh and published by Imperial College Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmology is an unusual science with an unusual history. This book examines the formative years of modern cosmology from the perspective of its interaction with religious thought. As the first study of its kind, it reveals how closely associated the development of cosmology has been with considerations of a philosophical and religious nature. From nineteenth-century thermodynamics to the pioneering cosmological works of Georges Lematre and Arthur E Milne, religion has shaped parts of modern cosmological theory. By taking the religious component seriously, a new and richer history of cosmology emerges.

Science and Religion in Search of Cosmic Purpose

Author : John F. Haught
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781589014114
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Religion in Search of Cosmic Purpose by : John F. Haught

Download or read book Science and Religion in Search of Cosmic Purpose written by John F. Haught and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-03 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many scientists today think of the universe as essentially purposeless. Likewise, modern and postmodern philosophers have often been suspicious of any religious claims that the natural world embodies and eternal meaning or teleology. Not all scientific thinkers subscribe to this cosmic pessimism, however, and some would even argue that contemporary knowledge is consistent with a religious sense of cosmic purpose. This stimulating book offers candid reflections on the question of cosmic purpose written both by prominent scientists and by scholars representing the world's religious traditions. Examining the issue from a wide variety of perspectives, this is the only current book to deal with cosmic purpose from an interreligious and interdisciplinary perspective. Here scientists such as physicist Andrei Linde and biologist Francisco Ayala come face to face with Islamic scholar Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Hindu philosopher Anindita Niyogi Balslev, and others. They examine such perplexing issues as the possible existence of multiple universes and the implications of seemingly purposive features in life. The contributions address the question of whether a religiously-based notion of a purposeful cosmos is consistent with the latest scientific understanding of nature, and whether theology can affirm the presence of divine action without contradicting science. These essays will challenge readers to ponder their own place in the cosmos as they seek to interpret the visions of the world's great spiritual traditions in the light of natural science.

Cosmic Order and Divine Power

Author : Johan C. Thom
Publisher : Mohr Siebeck
ISBN 13 : 9783161528095
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmic Order and Divine Power by : Johan C. Thom

Download or read book Cosmic Order and Divine Power written by Johan C. Thom and published by Mohr Siebeck. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treatise De mundo offers a cosmology in the Peripatetic tradition which subordinates what happens in the cosmos to the might of an omnipotent god. Thus the work is paradigmatic for the philosophical and religious concepts of the early imperial age, which offer points of contact with nascent Christianity.

The Concept of God, the Origin of the World, and the Image of the Human in the World Religions

Author : P. Koslowski
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401009996
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of God, the Origin of the World, and the Image of the Human in the World Religions by : P. Koslowski

Download or read book The Concept of God, the Origin of the World, and the Image of the Human in the World Religions written by P. Koslowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All religions make statements about God or the Absolute and about "the beginning": about the beginning of the world and the beginning and nature of the human person. Propositions about God, the human person, and the world, statements about God's eternity or process of becoming, about the status and nature of the human person as the "image of God", and about the beginning of the world are woven into "religious speculations about the beginning". The theology, anthropology, and cosmology of the world religions determine the image of the human person and the image of the world in the world cultures shaped by the different religions. They stand in a tense relationship with the anthropologies and cosmologies of modern science, which in turn challenge the religions to deepen their image of the human person. With this volume leading thinkers of Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam provide the reader with a first-hand source for understanding the five world religions and their teaching about God, the human person, and the origin of the world.

Sufis of Andalusia

Author : M. Ibn 'Arabi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415442591
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufis of Andalusia by : M. Ibn 'Arabi

Download or read book Sufis of Andalusia written by M. Ibn 'Arabi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2008. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Routledge Revivals)

Author : Norriss S. Hetherington
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131767765X
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Routledge Revivals) by : Norriss S. Hetherington

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Routledge Revivals) written by Norriss S. Hetherington and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Cosmology, first published in 1993, recounts the history, philosophical assumptions, methodological ambiguities, and human struggles that have influenced the various responses to the basic questions of cosmology through the ages, as well as referencing important scientific theories. Just as the recognition of social conventions in other cultures can lead to a more productive perspective on our own behaviour, so too a study of the cosmologies of other times and places can enable us recognise elements of our own cosmology that might otherwise pass as inevitable developments. Apart from modern natural science, therefore, this volume incorporates brief treatments of Native American, Cave-Dweller, Chinese, Egyptian, Islamic, Megalithic, Mesopotamian, Greek, Medieval and Copernican cosmology, leading to an appreciation of cosmology as an intellectual creation, not merely a collection of facts. It is a valuable reference tool for any student or academic with an interest in the history of science and cosmology specifically.