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Physical Characterization Of Seismic Ground Motion Spatial Variation And Conditional Simulation For Performance Based Design
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Book Synopsis Physical Characterization of Seismic Ground Motion Spatial Variation and Conditional Simulation for Performance-based Design by : Songtao Liao
Download or read book Physical Characterization of Seismic Ground Motion Spatial Variation and Conditional Simulation for Performance-based Design written by Songtao Liao and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions by : Aspasia Zerva
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions written by Aspasia Zerva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial variation of seismic ground motions denotes the differences in the seismic time histories at various locations on the ground surface. This text focuses on the spatial variability of the motions that is caused by the propagation of the waveforms from the earthquake source through the earth strata to the ground surface, and it brings toge
Book Synopsis Structural Response to Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion by : Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni
Download or read book Structural Response to Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion written by Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis Part I by : Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura
Download or read book Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis Part I written by Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics covered in Part I range from the microscopic simulation and laboratory studies of rock fracture and the underlying mechanism for nucleation and catastrophic failure to the development of theoretical models of frictional behaviors of faults; as well as the simulation studies of dynamic rupture processes and seismic wave propagation in a 3-D heterogeneous medium, to the case studies of strong ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and seismic hazard estimation for Cascadian subduction zone earthquakes.
Book Synopsis Geostatistical and Network Analysis of Non-stationary Spatial Variation in Ground Motion Amplitudes by : Yilin Chen
Download or read book Geostatistical and Network Analysis of Non-stationary Spatial Variation in Ground Motion Amplitudes written by Yilin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When an earthquake causes shaking in a region, the amplitude of shaking varies spatially. Ground motion models have been developed to predict the median and standard deviation of ground motion intensity measures. However, the remaining variation in ground motion prediction ``residuals'' is significant, and shows spatial correlations at scales of tens of kilometers in separation distance. These correlations are important when assessing the risk to spatially distributed infrastructure or portfolios of properties. State of the art today is to assume that these spatial correlations depend mainly on separation distance (stationarity assumption). This dissertation aims to advance spatial correlation models of ground motions, by conducting a comprehensive correlation study on various data sets, evaluating key assumptions of current models, and proposing a novel framework for modeling spatial correlations. First, this dissertation proposes a method of site-specific correlation estimation and techniques for quantifying non-stationary spatial variations. Applying these methods to various data sets, factors related to non-stationary spatial correlations are investigated. Using physics-based ground motion simulations, it studies the dependency of non-stationary spatial correlations on source effects, path effects, and relative location to rupture. Using data from recent well-recorded earthquakes in New Zealand, it analyzes site-specific and region-specific correlations in ground motion amplitude for Wellington and Christchurch, and observed strong non-stationarity in spatial correlations. Results suggest that heterogeneous geologic conditions appear to be associated with the non-stationary spatial correlation. Second, this dissertation formulates a framework for detecting and modeling non-stationary correlations. By utilizing network analysis techniques, it proposes a community detection algorithm to find regions in spatial data with higher correlations. Applying this algorithm to physics-based ground motion simulations, it detects communities of earthquake stations with high correlation to uncover underlying reasons for non-stationarity in spatial correlations. Factors associated with the communities of high correlation are identified. Results suggest that communities of high correlation in ground shaking tend to be associated with common geological conditions and relative location along the rupture strike direction. In addition, it applies the algorithm to a mixed-source data set from the simulations, and compares correlation characteristics of simulations and instrumental data. Results suggest that the mixed-source data tend to average out the non-stationary influence of source and path effects from a single rupture. Finally, this dissertation presents a framework for quantifying uncertainty in the estimation of correlations, and true variability in correlations from earthquake to earthquake. A procedure for evaluating estimation uncertainty is proposed and used to evaluate several methods that have been used in past studies to estimate correlations. The proposed procedure is also used to distinguish between estimation uncertainty and the true variability in model parameters that exist in a given data set. Results suggest that a Weighted Least Squares fitting method is most effective for correlation model estimation. Fitted correlation model parameters are shown to have substantial estimation uncertainty even for well-recorded earthquakes, and underlying true variability is relatively stable among well-recorded and poorly recorded earthquakes.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Modeling and Simulation of Near-Fault Ground Motions for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering by : Mayssa Dabaghi
Download or read book Stochastic Modeling and Simulation of Near-Fault Ground Motions for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering written by Mayssa Dabaghi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive parameterized stochastic model of near-fault ground motions in two orthogonal horizontal directions is developed. The proposed model uniquely combines several existing and new sub-models to represent major characteristics of recorded near-fault ground motions. These characteristics include near-fault effects of directivity and fling step; temporal and spectral non-stationarity; intensity, duration and frequency content characteristics; directionality of components, as well as the natural variability of motions for a given earthquake and site scenario. By fitting the model to a database of recorded near-fault ground motions with known earthquake source and site characteristics, empirical "observations" of the model parameters are obtained. These observations are used to develop predictive equations for the model parameters in terms of a small number of earthquake source and site characteristics. Functional forms for the predictive equations that are consistent with seismological theory are employed. A site-based simulation procedure that employs the proposed stochastic model and predictive equations is developed to generate synthetic near-fault ground motions at a site. The procedure is formulated in terms of information about the earthquake design scenario that is normally available to a design engineer. Not all near-fault ground motions contain a forward directivity pulse, even when the conditions for such a pulse are favorable. The proposed procedure produces pulselike and non-pulselike motions in the same proportions as they naturally occur among recorded near-fault ground motions for a given design scenario. The proposed models and simulation procedure are validated by several means. Synthetic ground motion time series with fitted parameter values are compared with the corresponding recorded motions. The proposed empirical predictive relations are compared to similar relations available in the literature. The overall simulation procedure is validated by comparing suites of synthetic ground motions generated for given earthquake source and site characteristics to the ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed as part of phase 2 of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) program, (NGA-West2, see, e.g., Campbell and Bozorgnia, 2014). Comparison is made in terms of the estimated median level and variability of elastic ground motion response spectra. The use of synthetic motions in addition to or in place of recorded motions is desirable in performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) applications, particularly when recorded motions are scarce or when they are unavailable for a specified design scenario. As a demonstrative application, synthetic motions from the proposed simulation procedure are used to perform probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for a near-fault site. The analysis shows that the hazard at a near-fault site is underestimated when the ground motion model used does not properly account for the possibility of pulselike motions due to the directivity effect.
Book Synopsis Non-ergodic Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Spatial Simulation of Variation in Ground Motion by : Melanie Anne Walling
Download or read book Non-ergodic Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Spatial Simulation of Variation in Ground Motion written by Melanie Anne Walling and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engineering Characterization of Ground Motion: Task II, observational data on spatial variations of earthquake ground motion by :
Download or read book Engineering Characterization of Ground Motion: Task II, observational data on spatial variations of earthquake ground motion written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ground Motion Evaluation Procedures for Performance-based Design by : Jonathan P. Stewart
Download or read book Ground Motion Evaluation Procedures for Performance-based Design written by Jonathan P. Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Based Seismic Design for Tall Buildings by : Ramin Golesorkhi
Download or read book Performance Based Seismic Design for Tall Buildings written by Ramin Golesorkhi and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) is a structural design methodology that has become more common in urban centers around the world, particularly for the design of high-rise buildings. The primary benefit of PBSD is that it substantiates exceptions to prescribed code requirements, such as height limits applied to specific structural systems, and allows project teams to demonstrate higher performance levels for structures during a seismic event.However, the methodology also involves significantly more effort in the analysis and design stages, with verification of building performance required at multiple seismic demand levels using Nonlinear Response History Analysis (NRHA). The design process also requires substantial knowledge of overall building performance and analytical modeling, in order to proportion and detail structural systems to meet specific performance objectives.This CTBUH Technical Guide provides structural engineers, developers, and contractors with a general understanding of the PBSD process by presenting case studies that demonstrate the issues commonly encountered when using the methodology, along with their corresponding solutions. The guide also provides references to the latest industry guidelines, as applied in the western United States, with the goal of disseminating these methods to an international audience for the advancement and expansion of PBSD principles worldwide.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering by : Michael Beer
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering written by Michael Beer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-30 with total page 3953 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering is designed to be the authoritative and comprehensive reference covering all major aspects of the science of earthquake engineering, specifically focusing on the interaction between earthquakes and infrastructure. The encyclopedia comprises approximately 300 contributions. Since earthquake engineering deals with the interaction between earthquake disturbances and the built infrastructure, the emphasis is on basic design processes important to both non-specialists and engineers so that readers become suitably well informed without needing to deal with the details of specialist understanding. The encyclopedia’s content provides technically-inclined and informed readers about the ways in which earthquakes can affect our infrastructure and how engineers would go about designing against, mitigating and remediating these effects. The coverage ranges from buildings, foundations, underground construction, lifelines and bridges, roads, embankments and slopes. The encyclopedia also aims to provide cross-disciplinary and cross-domain information to domain-experts. This is the first single reference encyclopedia of this breadth and scope that brings together the science, engineering and technological aspects of earthquakes and structures.
Book Synopsis Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiply-supported Structures by : Hong Hao
Download or read book Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiply-supported Structures written by Hong Hao and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: July 1989.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Local Variations in Free Field Seismic Ground Motion by : Jian-Chu Chen
Download or read book Analysis of Local Variations in Free Field Seismic Ground Motion written by Jian-Chu Chen and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake engineers are often faced with the problem of determining the temporal and spatial variation of near-surface seismic motions in a site. This type of information is needed for the evaluation of soil-structure interaction effects, liquefaction potential and the effects of local site conditions on surface motions. Actual ground motions are due to a complicated system of body waves and surface waves. However, it is usually assumed that near-surface motions consist only of vertically propagating waves. In order to examine the validity of this assumption for engineering design a theoretical investigation has been made into the nature of near-surface motions produced by horizontally propagating waves. These include inclined P-, SV-, and SH-waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves in horizontally layered sites over a viscoelastic half space. The research involved five phases: (1) review of current knowledge, (2) development of new methods of site response analysis, (3) application to site response analysis, (4) application to soil-structure interaction analysis and, (5) evaluation of the relative importance of horizontally propagating waves in engineering design. (Author).
Book Synopsis Semi-empirical Characterization of Ground Motions Including Source, Path and Nonlinear Site Effects by : Emel Seyhan
Download or read book Semi-empirical Characterization of Ground Motions Including Source, Path and Nonlinear Site Effects written by Emel Seyhan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to improve the physical understanding of earthquake ground motion characteristics related to source, path and nonlinear site effects and our ability to model those effects with engineering models. This was achieved through four research studies consisting of: (1) calibrating broadband simulation procedures to remove previously recognized sources of bias in distance attenuation and standard deviation; (2) enhancing a site database used for assigning site parameters to ground motion recordings, particularly with regard to the level of rigor and transparency with which the database is populated; (3) leveraging a state-of-the-art ground motion database and recent simulation-based studies to develop a nonlinear site amplification model suitable for use in g̲round m̲otion p̲redictions e̲quations (GMPEs) and relatively simplified building code applications; and (4) developing GMPEs that provides mean and standard deviation of ground motion intensity measures in active crustal regions. The high-frequency component of the simulation procedure considered in this study combines deterministic Fourier amplitude spectra (dependent on source, path, and site models) with random phase. Significantly too-fast distance attenuation bias identified in prior work has been removed by increasing the quality factor (Q). We introduced random site-to-site variations to Fourier amplitudes using a log-normal standard deviation ranging from 0.45 for M 7 to zero for M8 to achieve dispersion terms that are more compatible with those from empirical models but remain lower at large distances (e.g., 100 km). Site database work was performed within the context of the NGA-West 2 project. Starting with the site database from original (2008) NGA project (last edited in 2006), we provided site classifications for 2538 new sites and re-classifications of previous sites. The principal site parameter is the time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m Vs30, which is characterized using measurements where available, and proxy-based relationships otherwise. We improved the documentation and consistency of site descriptors used as proxies for the estimation of Vs30, developed evidence-based protocols for Vs30 estimation from available proxies, and augmented estimates of various basin depth parameters. Site factors typically have a small-strain site amplification that captures impedance and resonance effects coupled with nonlinear components. Site factors in current NEHRP Provisions are empirically-derived at relatively small ground motion levels and feature simulation-based nonlinearity. We show that current NEHRP site factors have discrepancies with respect to the site terms in the original NGA GMPEs both in the linear site amplification (especially for Classes B, C, D, and E) and the degree of nonlinearity (Classes C and D). We analyzed the NGA-West 2 dataset and simulation-based models for site amplification to develop a new model. The model has linear and nonlinear additive components. The linear component is fully empirical, being derived from worldwide ground motion data (regional effects were examined but found to not be sufficiently important to be included in the model). The model features linear Vs30-scaling in a log-log sense below a corner velocity (Vc), and no Vs30-scaling for velocities faster than Vc. The nonlinear component is developed from consideration of empirical data analysis and simulation results within a consistent context. The resulting nonlinearity operates principally at short periods and soft soils. This model is suitable for use as a site term in GMPEs and was applied to develop a proposal for updating the NEHRP site factors. The recommended factors remove a discrepancy between the reference condition used in the site factors and the national seismic hazard maps published by USGS. We have developed empirical equations for predicting the average horizontal component of earthquake ground motions from active crustal region earthquakes worldwide. The equations build upon a previous ground-motion model by Boore and Atkinson in 2008. Significant new features of the proposed GMPEs include: modified site terms; a modified magnitude scaling function that produces a higher degree of saturation at large magnitude for high-frequency ground motions; region-specific apparent anelastic attenuation term; basin depth correction factors that are centered on the average level of basin amplification conditional on Vs30; standard deviation terms that depend on M for between-event standard deviations and M-1, Rjb and Vs30-dependent within-event standard deviations. The resulting equations are applicable for events over a magnitude range of 3 to 8.5 for strike-slip or reverse-slip events (M3 to 8 for normal slip events), distance range up to 400 km, and site conditions ranging from Vs30 = 150 to 1500 m/s. The equations are useful for prediction of the ground motion i̲ntensity m̲easures (IMs) PGA, PGV, and PSA at periods T = 0 to 10 sec.
Book Synopsis Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis by : Jack Baker
Download or read book Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis written by Jack Baker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic hazard and risk analyses underpin the loadings prescribed by engineering design codes, the decisions by asset owners to retrofit structures, the pricing of insurance policies, and many other activities. This is a comprehensive overview of the principles and procedures behind seismic hazard and risk analysis. It enables readers to understand best practises and future research directions. Early chapters cover the essential elements and concepts of seismic hazard and risk analysis, while later chapters shift focus to more advanced topics. Each chapter includes worked examples and problem sets for which full solutions are provided online. Appendices provide relevant background in probability and statistics. Computer codes are also available online to help replicate specific calculations and demonstrate the implementation of various methods. This is a valuable reference for upper level students and practitioners in civil engineering, and earth scientists interested in engineering seismology.
Book Synopsis Ground Motion Simulation Validation for Building Design and Response Assessment by : Peng Zhong
Download or read book Ground Motion Simulation Validation for Building Design and Response Assessment written by Peng Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake ground motion records are used as inputs for seismic hazard analysis, development of ground motion prediction equations and nonlinear response history analysis of structures. Real records from past earthquake events have traditionally been recognized as the best representation of seismic input to these analysis. However, our current way of implementing recorded ground motions is poorly constrained and suffers from the paucity of certain condition ground motions, such as the one with short distance and large magnitude. Meanwhile, even though the scaled ground motion is capable of matching the target spectrum, the content of frequency domain and ground motion parameters become unrealistic. With the rapid growth of computational ability and efficiency of computers, simulated ground motion can be an alternative to provide detailed and accurate prediction of earthquake effect. At the same time, simulated ground motions can provide a better representation of the whole ground motion generation process, such as fault rupture, wave propagation phenomena, and site response characterization. Hence, the aforementioned disadvantage of recorded ground motion can be overcame.Despite ground motion simulations have existed for decades, and the design code, such as ASCE/SEI 7-10 (ASCE, 2010), allow use of simulated ground motions for engineering practice, engineers still worried about the stability in ground motion simulation process and similarity between response of engineered structures to similar simulated and recorded ground motions. In order to draw simulated ground motions into engineering applications and make them practical, this dissertation is making contribution to address this issue. Simulated ground motions have to be validated and compared with recorded ground motions to prove their equivalence in engineering applications.This dissertation proposes a simulation validation framework. First step: Identify ground motion waveform parameters that well correlate with response of Multi-Degree of Freedom (MDOF) buildings and bridges. Second step: Develop goodness-of-fit measures and error functions that can describe the difference between simulated and recorded ground motion waveform characteristics and their effect on MDOF systems. Third step: Device the required update to ground motion simulation methods through which better simulations are possible. Forth step: Assess the current state of simulated ground motions for engineering applications.In general, simulated ground motions are found to be an effective surrogate and replenishment of natural records in engineering applications. However, certain drawbacks are detected, 1) Simulated ground motions are likelihood to mismatch certain ground motion parameters, for example, Arias intensity, duration and so on; 2) Structural behavior resulting from recorded ground motions and simulated ground motions are different. The difference stems from the fact that simulated motions are mostly pulse like motions. Because the simulation methods are still developing, our intent is not ranking or classifying them, but rather to provide feedback to update ground motion simulation techniques such that future simulations are more representative of recorded motions.
