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Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Single And Large Crystal High Rrr Niobium
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Book Synopsis Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single and Large Crystal High-RRR Niobium by : Ganapati Myneni
Download or read book Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single and Large Crystal High-RRR Niobium written by Ganapati Myneni and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High RRR bulk niobium SRF cavities are the building blocks of the latest and future particle accelerators, free electron lasers (FEL's) and energy recovery linacs (ERL's.). These cavities are fabricated from high purity (RRR) poly crystalline niobium sheets via deep drawing, e-beam welding and surface treatment to obtain high accelerating gradients and quality factors. However, the starting bulk RRR niobium properties are not yet optimized with respect to both cost reduction and achievement of ultimate performance. A major limitation in achieving the highest performance can possibly be attributed to imperfections at or near the grain boundaries. Recently, at Jefferson Lab single/large grain RRR niobium cavities are developed using customized RRR ingots with optimized amounts of impurities such as Tantalum and minimizing the interstitial contents (O, C, N and H).
Book Synopsis Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology by : Ganapati Rao Myneni
Download or read book Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology written by Ganapati Rao Myneni and published by AIP Conference Proceedings / H. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SRF Technology based accelerators, FEL’s, and ERL’s, are becoming common worldwide. Several new frontier technologies and applications are expected to be evolving in coming years as the cost of SRF technology comes. Terra Hertz (THz) Science could benefit from these advances, and many applications are likely to be developed in the fields of medical imaging, material science, pharmaceuticals, communications etc.
Book Synopsis RF Superconductivity by : Hasan Padamsee
Download or read book RF Superconductivity written by Hasan Padamsee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second book to RF Superconducting, written by one of the leading experts. The book provides fast and up-to-date access to the latest advances in the key technology for future accelerators. Experts as well as newcomers to the field will benefit from the discussion of progress in the basic science, technology as well as recent and forthcoming applications. Researchers in accelerator physics will also find much that is relevant to their discipline.
Book Synopsis Physical and Mechanical Properties of Niobium for SRF Science and Technology by : Ganapati Rao Myneni
Download or read book Physical and Mechanical Properties of Niobium for SRF Science and Technology written by Ganapati Rao Myneni and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimized mechanical and physical properties of high purity niobium are crucial for obtaining high performance SRF particle beam accelerator structures consistently. This paper summarizes these important material properties for both high purity polycrystalline and single crystal niobium.
Book Synopsis Investigations of Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties of Single Crystal Niobium for SRF Cavities by :
Download or read book Investigations of Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties of Single Crystal Niobium for SRF Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work investigates properties of large grained, high purity niobium with respect to the forming of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities from such large grained sheets. The yield stresses were examined using tensile specimens that were essentially single crystals in orientations evenly distributed in the standard projection triangle. No distinct yield anisotropy was found, however, vacuum annealing increased the yield strength by a factor 2.3. The deep drawing forming operation of the half cells raises the issues of elastic shape changes after the release of the forming tool (springback) and residual stresses, both of which are indicated to be negligible. This is a consequence of the low yield stress (
Book Synopsis Physical Properties of Niobium and Specifications for Fabrication of Superconducting Cavities by :
Download or read book Physical Properties of Niobium and Specifications for Fabrication of Superconducting Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is important to distinguish among the properties of niobium, the ones that are related to the cavity's SRF performances, the formability of the material, and the mechanical behavior of the formed cavity. In general, the properties that dictate each of the above mentioned characteristics have a detrimental effect on one another and in order to preserve the superconducting properties without subduing the mechanical behavior, a balance has to be established. Depending on the applications, some parameters become less important and an understanding of the physical origin of the requirements might help in this optimization. SRF applications require high purity niobium (high RRR), but pure niobium is very soft from fabrication viewpoint. Moreover conventional fabrication techniques tend to override the effects of any metallurgical process meant to strengthen it. As those treatments dramatically affect the forming of the material they should be avoided. These unfavorable mechanical properties have to be accounted for in the design of the cavities rather than in the material specification. The aim of this paper is to review the significance of the important mechanical properties used to characterize niobium and to present the optimal range of values. Most of the following information deals with the specification of sheets for cell forming unless otherwise noted.
Download or read book Recent Progress in Large Grain written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High RRR bulk niobium Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavity technology is chosen for the International Linear Collider (ILC). The SRF community was convinced until now that fine grain polycrystalline RRR niobium sheets obtained via forging and cross rolling are essential for forming the SRF Cavities. However, it was recently discovered under a joint Reference Metals Company, Inc., - JLAB CRADA that large grain/single crystal RRR niobium sliced directly from ingots is highly ductile reaching 100 percent elongation. This discovery led to the successful fabrication of several SRF single and/or multi cell structures, formed with sliced RRR discs from the ingots, operating at 2.3, 1.5 and 1.3 GHz. This new exciting development is expected to offer high performance accelerator structures not only at reduced costs but also with simpler fabrication and processing conditions. As a result there is a renewed interest in the evaluation and understanding of the large grain and single crystal niobium with respect to their mechanical & physical properties as well as the oxidation behavior and the influence of impurities such as hydrogen and Ta. In this paper the results of many collaborative studies on large grain and single crystal high RRR niobium between JLAB, Universities and Industry are presented.
Book Synopsis Procès de M. de Calonne ou République à son libelle by :
Download or read book Procès de M. de Calonne ou République à son libelle written by and published by . This book was released on 1788 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Niobium Radio-frequency Cavities by :
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Niobium Radio-frequency Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio-frequency cavities made of bulk niobium are one of the components used in modern particle accelerators. The mechanical stability is an important aspect of cavity design, which typically relies on finite-element analysis simulations using material properties from tensile tests on sample. This contribution presents the results of strain and resonant frequency measurements as a function of a uniform pressure up to 722 kPa, applied to single-cell niobium cavities with different crystallographic structure, purity and treatments. In addition, burst tests of high-purity multi-cell cavities with different crystallographic structure have been conducted up to the tensile strength of the material. Finite-element analysis of the single-cell cavity geometry is in good agreement with the observed behavior in the elastic regime assuming a Young's modulus value of 88.5 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.4, regardless of crystallographic structure, purity or treatment. However, the measured yield strength and tensile strength depend on crystallographic structure, material purity and treatment. In particular, the results from this study show that the mechanical properties of niobium cavities with large crystals are comparable to those of cavities made of fine-grain niobium.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of High Purity Niobium - Novel Measurements by : Ganapati Myneni
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of High Purity Niobium - Novel Measurements written by Ganapati Myneni and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the procedures to improve the performance of superconducting niobium cavities is a heat treatment for several hours in an ultrahigh vacuum at temperatures between 800C and 1400C for hydrogen degassing or post-purification, respectively. However, it was recently observed with Spallation Neutron Source Project (SNS) prototype cavities, that a heat treatment at 800 C for even 1 hour degraded the mechanical properties of RRR niobium, in particular the yield strength. This lower strength resulted in cavity deformations during handling thus affecting both their resonant frequency and field profile. In addition to lowering the yield strength, it was observed in some lots of material that the Young's modulus was also apparently reduced by a factor of 2 as a result of the hydrogen outgassing at 800 C. Surprisingly, material received at other national laboratories exhibited similar anomalous behavior even without any heat treatments in vacuum. Based on these observations a multi-institutional collaborative basic research activity on high RRR niobium (determination of Nb yield strength as a function of grain size, work hardening, chemical composition, and heat treatment temperature) has been initiated by JLAB to gain a better understanding of the material properties affecting the mechanical behavior In this contribution, a brief review of the measurements at JLAB, at the Materials Science and Engineering Department of the University of Virginia, at the Analytical Chemistry and Metallurgy Divisions of the National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg and in the Department of Physics, SUNY, Albany are presented. The measurements include yield strength, hardness, ultrasonic velocity, crystallographic structure, microstructure, determination of interstitial contents using internal friction; particular emphasis is placed on determining the hydrogen concentration in the niobium via Cold Neutron Prompt Gamma-Ray Activation Analysis and Neutron Incoherent Scattering and to measure hydrogen depth profiles near surface regions by Nuclear Reactions Analysis.
Book Synopsis Physical and Mechanical Properties of Columbium and Columbium-base Alloys by : E. S. Bartlett
Download or read book Physical and Mechanical Properties of Columbium and Columbium-base Alloys written by E. S. Bartlett and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Niobium Alloys and Compounds by : M. Neuberger
Download or read book Niobium Alloys and Compounds written by M. Neuberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was prepared by Hughes Aircraft Company, Culver City, California under Contract No. F33615-70-C-1348. The work was administered under the direction of the Air Force Materials Laboratory, Air Force Systems Cornrnand, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, with Mr. B. Emrich, Project Engineer. The Electronic Properties Information Center (EPIC) is a designated inforrnation Analysis Center of the Departrnent of Defense, authorized to provide inforrnation to the entire DoD cornrnunity. The purpose of the Center is to provide a highly competent source of inforrnation and data on the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of materials of value to the Department of Defense. Its major function is to evaluate, compile and publish the experimental data from the world's unclassified literature concerned with the properties of materials. All materials relevant to the field of electronics are within the scope of EPIC: insulators, semiconductors, metals, superconductors, ferrites, ferroelectrics, ferromagnetics, electro luminescents, therrnionic emitters and optical materials. The Center's scope includes inforrnation on over 100 basic properties of materials; information generally regarded as being in the area of devices and/or circuitry is excluded. Grateful acknowledgement is made for the review and comments of Dr. G. D. Cody of RCA Laboratories and Dr. B. W. Roberts of General Electric Co. V CONTENTS Introduction •. . ••••. . . ••••. . . . . . •• 1 Superconductivity Applications •••• 3 Niobium-Hydrogen •. . ••. •. ••. ••. . •• 15 Niobium-Antimony. • . . . • . • • • • . • • . • • .
Book Synopsis Hydrogen in Matter by : Ganapati Rao Myneni
Download or read book Hydrogen in Matter written by Ganapati Rao Myneni and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2006-06-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen plays a key role in materials, beneficial in some cases, problematic in others. A detailed understanding of hydrogen-based interactions is vital to improvements and possible new applications. This book presents the proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydrogen in Matter (ISOHIM) incorporating contributions focused on semiconductors, normal metal conductors, superconductors, and vacuum systems that deal with hydrogen-matter issues. Broad discussion includes liquid hydrogen storage containers for hydrogen powered vehicles.
Book Synopsis Development of Large Grain/Single Crystal Niobium Cavity Technology at Jefferson Lab by : Peter Kneisel
Download or read book Development of Large Grain/Single Crystal Niobium Cavity Technology at Jefferson Lab written by Peter Kneisel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately two years ago we started to develop high performance niobium accelerating cavities based on large grain or single crystal high purity niobium. We have fabricated and tested 15 single cell cavities of various shapes and frequencies between 1300 MHz and 2300 MHz using material from a total of 9 different very large grain niobium ingots from four niobium suppliers. The materials differed not only in grain sizes, but also in RRR? value and in the amount of Ta contained in the material. In one ingot supplied by CBMM the central grain exceeded 7 inches in diameter and this was used to fabricate two 2.2 GHz cavities. A single crystal 1300 MHz mono-cell cavity was also produced at DESY by rolling out a single crystal to the size required for this cavity. It was sent to Jlab for surface treatment and testing. In addition, we have fabricated three 7-cell cavities: two of the Jlab high gradient (HG) shape and one of the ILC Low Loss shape. Two 9-cell TESLA shape cavities are presently in fabrication at Jlab and are close to completion.
Book Synopsis Recrystallization in Materials Processing by : Vadim Glebovsky
Download or read book Recrystallization in Materials Processing written by Vadim Glebovsky and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Recrystallization in Materials Processing shows selected results obtained during the last few years by researchers worked on recrystallization-related issues. These researchers offer their knowledge from a range of scientific disciplines, such as materials science, metallurgy and pharmacology. The authors emphasize that the progress in this particular field of scientific research is possible today due to coordinated efforts of many research groups that work in materials science, chemistry, physics, pharmacology, and other sciences. Thus, it is possible to perform a detailed analysis of the scientific problem. The analysis starts from the selection of appropriate techniques and methods of characterization. It is then combined with the development of new tools in diagnostics, and it finished with physical modeling of phenomena.
Book Synopsis Elasto-Plastic Behavior of High RRR Niobium by :
Download or read book Elasto-Plastic Behavior of High RRR Niobium written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional assessments of the mechanical properties of polycrystalline high RRR niobium via tensile testing have revealed unusually low apparent Young's moduli and yield strength in annealed samples. These observations motivated the current investigation of a variety of possible contributors: crystallographic texture, grain size, and impurity concentration. It is shown that the crystallographic textures of a single lot of niobium are essentially unchanged by post-recrystallization anneals at temperatures up to 800 C. Ultrasonic measurements reveal that the elastic response is not degraded by annealing. Rather, the material's extremely low yield point gives the impression of a low elastic modulus during tensile testing.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Nb-N, Nb-Zr and Nb-ZrO2 Single Crystals by : Walter José Botta Filho
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Nb-N, Nb-Zr and Nb-ZrO2 Single Crystals written by Walter José Botta Filho and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
