Phenotypic Screening In The 21st Century

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Phenotypic screening in the 21st century

Author : Gul Erdemli
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889194698
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Phenotypic screening in the 21st century by : Gul Erdemli

Download or read book Phenotypic screening in the 21st century written by Gul Erdemli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-04-21 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the genomic era of 1990s-2000s, pharmaceutical research moved to target-based drug discovery which enabled development of a number of small molecule drugs against a wide range of diseases. In many cases however, drugs that arose from genomics failed, questioning the validity of the targets and the suitability of target-based drug discovery as an optimal strategy for all disease states. For monogenic diseases, target-based approaches may be well-suited to the identification of novel therapies. Most diseases, however, are caused by a combination of several genetic and environmental factors and are likely to require simultaneous modulation of multiple molecular targets/pathways for successful treatment. For such diseases, reductionist approaches focusing on individual targets rather than biological networks are unlikely to succeed and new drug development strategies are required. In search of more successful approaches, the pharmaceutical industry is moving towards phenotypic screening beyond individual genes/targets. However, this requires rethinking of diseases and drug discovery approaches from a network and systems biology perspective. Since returning to the pre-genomics era of screening drug candidates in laborious animal models is not a feasible solution, the industry needs to evolve a new paradigm of phenotypic drug discovery within the context of systems biology. Such a paradigm must combine physiologically and disease relevant biological substrates with sufficient throughput, operational simplicity and statistical vigour. Biomarker strategies for translational medicine, as well as preclinical safety and selectivity assessments, would also need to be revised to adapt to the target agnostic style. This focused issue aims to discuss strategies, key concepts and technologies related to systems-based approaches in drug development. Design and implementation of innovative biological assays, featuring multiple target strategies, and rational drug design in the absence of target knowledge during the early drug discovery are illustrated with examples. Specific topics include: • The need for systems-based approaches in drug development • Phenotypic screening strategies • Compound libraries (natural product inspired compound collections) • Target deconvolution and identification • Target agnostic lead discovery and optimization • Multi-target approaches and decoding the phenotype (understanding biological interactions and multiscale systems modelling) • Translational aspects • Early evaluation of selectivity and safety in a target agnostic manner

Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309109922
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.

Genetics and Public Health in the 21st Century

Author : Muin J. Khoury
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195128303
Total Pages : 661 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics and Public Health in the 21st Century by : Muin J. Khoury

Download or read book Genetics and Public Health in the 21st Century written by Muin J. Khoury and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first broad survey of these two fields, this book deleniates a framework for integrating advances in human genetics into public health practice.

Natural Bio-active Compounds

Author : Mohd Sayeed Akhtar
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811371547
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Bio-active Compounds by : Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

Download or read book Natural Bio-active Compounds written by Mohd Sayeed Akhtar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioactive compounds produced by natural sources, such as plants, microbes, endophytic fungi, etc., can potentially be applied in various fields, including agriculture, biotechnology and biomedicine. Several bioactive compounds have proved to be invaluable in mediating plant-microbe interactions, and promoting plant growth and development. Due to their numerous health-promoting properties, these compounds have been widely used as a source of medication since ancient times. However, there is an unprecedented need to meet the growing demand for natural bioactive compounds in the flavor and fragrance, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, discovering new lead molecules from natural sources is essential to overcoming the rising number of new diseases. In this regard, natural bioactive compounds hold tremendous potential for new drug discovery. Therefore, this field of research has become a vital area for researchers interested in understanding the chemistry, biosynthetic mechanisms, and pharmacological activities of these bioactive metabolites. This book describes the basics of bioactive plant compounds, their chemical properties, and their pharmacological biotechnological properties with regard to various human diseases and applications in the drug, cosmetics and herbal industries. It offers a valuable asset for all students, educators, researchers, and healthcare experts involved in agronomy, ecology, crop science, molecular biology, stress physiology, and natural products.

Advances in Malaria Research

Author : Deepak Gaur
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118493796
Total Pages : 611 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Malaria Research by : Deepak Gaur

Download or read book Advances in Malaria Research written by Deepak Gaur and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly reviews our current understanding of malarial biology Explores the subject with insights from post-genomic technologies Looks broadly at the disease, vectors of infection, and treatment and prevention strategies A timely publication with chapters written by global researchers leaders

Fighting Infection in the 21st Century

Author : P. W. Andrew
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047069520X
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Fighting Infection in the 21st Century by : P. W. Andrew

Download or read book Fighting Infection in the 21st Century written by P. W. Andrew and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20th century has seen improvements in both public health and disease prevention which, in turn, have had a dramatic impact on our lives. Success in preventing infection by vaccination and treating infection with antibiotics led some to believe that infectious disease was a thing of the past. However, the adaptability of pathogens and the emergence of new diseases has presented microbiologists with a fresh set of challenges as we enter the new millennium. While celebrating past successes and highlighting developing problems, this volume aims to address some of the issues facing microbiologists in the future. Covering a wide range of topics, it will provide an invaluable resource for microbiologists and an excellent reference for advanced students.

A New Biology for the 21st Century

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309147867
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis A New Biology for the 21st Century by : National Research Council

Download or read book A New Biology for the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-11-20 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now more than ever, biology has the potential to contribute practical solutions to many of the major challenges confronting the United States and the world. A New Biology for the 21st Century recommends that a "New Biology" approach-one that depends on greater integration within biology, and closer collaboration with physical, computational, and earth scientists, mathematicians and engineers-be used to find solutions to four key societal needs: sustainable food production, ecosystem restoration, optimized biofuel production, and improvement in human health. The approach calls for a coordinated effort to leverage resources across the federal, private, and academic sectors to help meet challenges and improve the return on life science research in general.

Cystic Fibrosis in the 21st Century

Author : Andrew Bush
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805579608
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Cystic Fibrosis in the 21st Century by : Andrew Bush

Download or read book Cystic Fibrosis in the 21st Century written by Andrew Bush and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cystic fibrosis used to be thought of as a respiratory and digestive disease, with a uniformly and rapidly fatal outcome. The spectrum of the disease has broadened into the mild atypical case, presenting in middle age, with the potential for complications in virtually every system of the body. In the past few years there has been an explosion of knowledge of the basic science of the defect. The editors have therefore invited the leading scientists and clinicians in the field of cystic fibrosis to describe the recent advances in this disease. Although there are many 'Recent Advances' texts, previous books have been selective in their choice of topics. This book is the first to cover the entire field of this complex disease, and encompasses the rapidly moving topics of the basic molecular and cellular biology as well as the recent multi-system, multi-disciplinary advances in the clinical care of patients. The authors have been charged with writing only about new developments and not to rehash old literature. The bulk of the references is therefore less than five years old. This book addresses all professionals who treat cystic fibrosis and want to have an up-date of new findings in the field, particularly of those outside their immediate specialisation. It will also be useful for basic researchers interested in related scientific areas and the clinical context of their work.

Plant Genetic Resources for the 21st Century

Author : Kioumars Ghamkhar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000609685
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Genetic Resources for the 21st Century by : Kioumars Ghamkhar

Download or read book Plant Genetic Resources for the 21st Century written by Kioumars Ghamkhar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring plant genetic resources is crucial in a time when food security has been a critical topic worldwide due to crop shortages and the impact of climate change. This new book, Plant Genetic Resources for the 21st Century: The OMICS Era, presents the practical advancements in genomics, epigenetics, metabolomics, and phenomics from the point of view of researchers and scientists working in the field of genebanks, genetics resources, and germplasm for enabling plant breeding and adaptation to a changing climate. The book highlights the importance of genebanks as centers of innovation for crop and forage improvement and discusses database solutions for genebanks and germplasm collections. The book first looks at plant genetic resources and their values and goes on to investigate several genomic technologies for plant improvement, conservation, and better adaptation to changing climates. Major crops such as wheat and barley are discussed with genomic approaches for diversity and resilience to drought and other adverse conditions. Other omics techniques discussed include phenomics for the improvement of crop adaptation, metabolomics research for germplasm improvement and adaptation, and more. This volume will be valuable for researchers who are presently working in or with genebanks and genetic resources, primarily for trait or allele discovery and germplasm improvement. Most chapters in the book can also be used as teaching material at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

A Century of Parasitology

Author : John Janovy, Jr.
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118884760
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis A Century of Parasitology by : John Janovy, Jr.

Download or read book A Century of Parasitology written by John Janovy, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews key areas in ecological, medical and molecular parasitology Features essays from some of the world's leading parasitologists Each topic is set in context by featuring a key paper from the Journal of Paraistology over the past 100 years

Regenerative Medicine Technology

Author : Sean V. Murphy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315354152
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Regenerative Medicine Technology by : Sean V. Murphy

Download or read book Regenerative Medicine Technology written by Sean V. Murphy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miniaturization in the fields of chemistry and molecular biology has resulted in the "lab-on-a-chip." Such systems are micro-fabricated devices capable of handling extremely small fluid volumes facilitating the scaling of single or multiple lab processes down to a microchip-sized format. The convergence of lab-on-a-chip technology with the field of cell biology facilitated the development of "organ-on-a-chip" systems. Such systems simulate the function of tissues and organs, having the potential to bypass some cell and animal testing methods. These technologies have generated high interest as applications for disease modeling and drug discovery. This book, edited by Drs. Sean Murphy and Anthony Atala, provides a comprehensive coverage of the technologies that have been used to develop organ-on-a-chip systems. Known leaders cover the basics to the most relevant and novel topics in the field, including micro-fabrication, 3D bio-printing, 3D cell culture techniques, biosensor design and microelectronics, micro-fluidics, data collection, and predictive analysis. The book describes specific tissue types amenable for disease modeling and drug discovery applications. Lung, liver, heart, skin and kidney "on-a-chip" technologies are included as well as a progress report on designing an entire "body-on-a-chip" system. Additionally, the book covers applications of various systems for modeling tissue-specific cancers, metastasis, and tumor microenvironments; and provides an overview of current and potential applications of these systems to disease modeling, toxicity testing, and individualized medicine.

Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309453518
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, several large-scale United States and international programs have been initiated to incorporate advances in molecular and cellular biology, -omics technologies, analytical methods, bioinformatics, and computational tools and methods into the field of toxicology. Similar efforts are being pursued in the field of exposure science with the goals of obtaining more accurate and complete exposure data on individuals and populations for thousands of chemicals over the lifespan; predicting exposures from use data and chemical-property information; and translating exposures between test systems and humans. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations makes recommendations for integrating new scientific approaches into risk-based evaluations. This study considers the scientific advances that have occurred following the publication of the NRC reports Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy and Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. Given the various ongoing lines of investigation and new data streams that have emerged, this publication proposes how best to integrate and use the emerging results in evaluating chemical risk. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations considers whether a new paradigm is needed for data validation, how to integrate the divergent data streams, how uncertainty might need to be characterized, and how best to communicate the new approaches so that they are understandable to various stakeholders.

Animal and Translational Models for CNS Drug Discovery: Neurological disorders

Author : Robert A. McArthur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal and Translational Models for CNS Drug Discovery: Neurological disorders by : Robert A. McArthur

Download or read book Animal and Translational Models for CNS Drug Discovery: Neurological disorders written by Robert A. McArthur and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine

Author : Vahid Serpooshan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030200477
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine by : Vahid Serpooshan

Download or read book Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine written by Vahid Serpooshan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-29 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date resource on the use of regenerative medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. It provides a much-needed review of the rapid development and evolution of bio-fabrication techniques to engineer cardiovascular tissues as well as their use in clinical settings. The book incorporates recent advances in the biology, biomaterial design, and manufacturing of bioengineered cardiovascular tissue with their clinical applications to bridge the basic sciences to current and future cardiovascular treatment. The book begins with an examination of state-of-the-art cellular, biomaterial, and macromolecular technologies for the repair and regeneration of diseased heart tissue. It discusses advances in nanotechnology and bioengineering of cardiac microtissues using acoustic assembly. Subsequent chapters explore the clinical applications and translational potential of current technologies such as cardiac patch-based treatments, cell-based regenerative therapies, and injectable hydrogels. The book examines how these methodologies are used to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, congenital heart disease, and ischemic heart injuries. Finally, the volume concludes with a summary of the most prominent challenges and perspectives on the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering and clinical cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology and cardiovascular regeneration as well as clinical and basic researchers in bioengineering, nanomaterial and technology, and cardiovascular biology.

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309070864
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-12-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.

Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials

Author : Richard G. Wax
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420008757
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials by : Richard G. Wax

Download or read book Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials written by Richard G. Wax and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-05 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enormous genetic flexibility of bacteria jeopardizes the usefulness of currently available antibiotics, and requires new approaches to antibiotic discovery and development. Antimicrobial resistance can be acquired in a short time frame, both by genetic mutation and by direct transfer of resistance genes across genus and species boundaries. Unde

Drug Discovery and Evaluation

Author : Hans G. Vogel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 366203333X
Total Pages : 790 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Discovery and Evaluation by : Hans G. Vogel

Download or read book Drug Discovery and Evaluation written by Hans G. Vogel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book contains a comprehensive selection of the most frequently used assays for reliably detecting pharmacological effects of potential drugs, including tests for cardiovascular, analgesic, psychotropic, metabolic, endocrine, respiratory, renal, and immunomodulatory activities. Each of the over 700 assays comprises a detailed protocol with the purpose and rationale of the method, a description of the experimental procedure, a critical assessment of the results and their pharmacological and clinical relevance, and pertinent references. Identification of specific tests is facilitated by the enclosed CD-ROM which allows for a quick and full text research. An appendix with guidelines and legal regulations for animal experiments in various countries will help to plan these experiments properly in accordance with the welfare of laboratory animals.