Phase Equilibrium Engineering

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Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Alberto Brignole
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 044459471X
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Alberto Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Alberto Brignole and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the teaching of phase equilibria emphasizes the relationships between the thermodynamic variables of each phase in equilibrium rather than its engineering applications. This book changes the focus from the use of thermodynamics relationships to compute phase equilibria to the design and control of the phase conditions that a process needs. Phase Equilibrium Engineering presents a systematic study and application of phase equilibrium tools to the development of chemical processes. The thermodynamic modeling of mixtures for process development, synthesis, simulation, design and optimization is analyzed. The relation between the mixture molecular properties, the selection of the thermodynamic model and the process technology that could be applied are discussed. A classification of mixtures, separation process, thermodynamic models and technologies is presented to guide the engineer in the world of separation processes. The phase condition required for a given reacting system is studied at subcritical and supercritical conditions. The four cardinal points of phase equilibrium engineering are: the chemical plant or process, the laboratory, the modeling of phase equilibria and the simulator. The harmonization of all these components to obtain a better design or operation is the ultimate goal of phase equilibrium engineering. Methodologies are discussed using relevant industrial examples The molecular nature and composition of the process mixture is given a key role in process decisions Phase equilibrium diagrams are used as a drawing board for process implementation

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082577
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase equilibrium knowledge is required for the design of all sorts of chemical processes that may involve separations, reactions, fluids flow, particle micronization, etc. Indeed, different phase behavior scenarios are required for a rational conceptual process design. The aim of this chapter is to present the possible fluid mixture phase behavior that can be found in binary, ternary, and multicomponent systems. Moreover, representation of phase behavior in terms of phase diagrams is discussed. Dealing with phase diagrams of complex mixtures is not an easy task for beginners; however, very simple concepts are behind the rules for their construction. Phase diagrams are essential tools for phase equilibrium engineering as they provide valuable hints to understand the process and to assess the feasible and optimum operating regions. In this chapter, the “phenomenological” meaning of each phase behavior and its relation with molecular properties is discussed. A special attention is given to binary system phase behavior. Even though, in practice we rarely found such simple mixtures, they furnish a great deal of information for the understanding of multicomponent systems.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082607
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, the basic methodologies of phase equilibrium engineering are introduced through the systematic analysis of several case studies. Some of the thermodynamic tools that have been presented in the previous chapters are applied to illustrate how the phase and conceptual process design of complex engineering problems can be tackled from a phase equilibrium engineering approach. In all the case studies, the first step is to consider in great detail the properties of the process feed, the components, their physical properties, concentrations, and molecular interactions. This information is then used for the selection of thermodynamic models, a suitable technology, pressure, temperature, and compositional operating boundaries. It is shown how the mixture composition and the process goals and specifications determine the process scheme and the unit thermodynamic sensitivity. In addition, the importance of the mixture composition is highlighted in combination with the energy and material balance in the case study for the selection of the desirable natural gas cryogenic technologies. The use of a pressure versus temperature drawing board is used to plot the process trajectory and the mixture phase envelopes from the initial conditions to the key phase engineering design problem. Moreover, the phase design provides also a sound basis for the process initial specification and computer simulation. As another example of phase equilibrium engineering, the heat integration in a complex process is solved by the application of the Gibbs phase rule to the LLV equilibria of a ternary mixture.

Phase Equilibria in Chemical Engineering

Author : Stanley M. Walas
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 1483145085
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibria in Chemical Engineering by : Stanley M. Walas

Download or read book Phase Equilibria in Chemical Engineering written by Stanley M. Walas and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Equilibria in Chemical Engineering is devoted to the thermodynamic basis and practical aspects of the calculation of equilibrium conditions of multiple phases that are pertinent to chemical engineering processes. Efforts have been made throughout the book to provide guidance to adequate theory and practice. The book begins with a long chapter on equations of state, since it is intimately bound up with the development of thermodynamics. Following material on basic thermodynamics and nonidealities in terms of fugacities and activities, individual chapters are devoted to equilibria primarily between pairs of phases. A few topics that do not fit into these categories and for which the state of the art is not yet developed quantitatively have been relegated to a separate chapter. The chapter on chemical equilibria is pertinent since many processes involve simultaneous chemical and phase equilibria. Also included are chapters on the evaluation of enthalpy and entropy changes of nonideal substances and mixtures, and on experimental methods. This book is intended as a reference and self-study as well as a textbook either for full courses in phase equilibria or as a supplement to related courses in the chemical engineering curriculum. Practicing engineers concerned with separation technology and process design also may find the book useful.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082550
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume on phase equilibrium engineering (PEE) aims to fill the gap between the books on reactors and separation process design and the textbooks on chemical engineering thermodynamics. The goal is to change the focus from the use of thermodynamic relationships to compute phase equilibria to the design and control of the phase conditions that a process needs. In this way, phase equilibrium thermodynamics is put to work. The main goal of PEE is the design of the system conditions to achieve the desired phase equilibrium scenario that the process at hand requires. In this chapter, the philosophy of phase equilibrium thermodynamic modeling is discussed in the context of process development and chemical plant operation. Typical phase scenarios that are encountered in separation, materials, and chemical process are presented as well as the problem of phase design and the PEE tools.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082615
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter starts with the analysis of the distillation path of binary mixtures on the general phase behavior P–T diagram of binary mixtures. The univariant lines of these diagrams limit the region of vapor–liquid equilibria where binary distillation can be applied. On this basis, the conditions under which distillation is possible for types I, II, IV, and V of binary mixtures are discussed. Furthermore, in this chapter, the principles of fractional distillation, as well as the computational procedures, are discussed. The thermodynamic modeling of a train of distillation columns to separate the components of an ethane-cracked gas mixture is used to develop a strategy for an equation of state parameter tuning. This strategy is based on the analysis of the distillation column phase equilibrium sensitivity and leads to an unique matrix of equation of state dominant binary parameters for the whole fractionation train. The chapter ends with a list of phase equilibrium engineering guidelines to make a realistic design/simulation of distillation columns.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082666
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of the principles of phase equilibrium engineering to the development of two innovative technologies for the production of biofuels is discussed in this chapter. The first technology is the production of biodiesel by transesterification of vegetable oils with supercritical methanol; the second, the extraction and dehydration of alcohols by near-critical dual effect solvents that exhibit good solvent power to extract alcohols and water entrainment effect to dehydrate the extracted alcohol. In the first case, the complexity of the reacting system, the large size asymmetry, and strong molecular interactions of the mixture components: methanol, vegetable oils, fatty esters, and glycerin precluded the design and analysis of the process conditions based on thermodynamic model predictions. Therefore, in this case, a systematic approach based on experimental studies was used to unveil the phase scenario and the physical properties required for the design and optimization of this technology. The conceptual design of extraction and dehydration of alcohols by near-critical solvents followed a different path. The process development was initially based on very limited experimental information. In this case, an equation of state for highly nonideal systems was the main tool for exploration of the process conditions over a wide range of pressures, temperatures, and compositions. This equation of state was based on a group contribution approach (GC-EOS) that allowed extrapolating the scarce experimental information available not only in pressure, temperature, and composition but also in molecular structure. The basic conceptual design was later confirmed by experimental information and pilot plant studies. In this case, the design of the experimental studies was guided by the process conceptual design. The experimental results provided key information for the upgrading of the thermodynamic model.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082585
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In previous chapters, we have seen the fundamental criteria for phase equilibria and how the phenomenological phase behavior and separation technology of real mixtures are determined by their constituent molecular interactions. Our purpose in this chapter is to present the properties of fluids and the models for the prediction of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria. These models are classified as predictive models using only pure component properties and semiempirical models based on a molecular thermodynamic approach. Finally, the chapter highlights the importance of the class of mixture and molecular interactions of its components in the selection of thermodynamic models for phase equilibrium calculations.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082658
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The benefits of using SCF as reaction media have promoted an intense research and development activity in this field. In this chapter, several case studies demonstrate the advantages of working under supercritical conditions. In particular, gas–liquid catalyzed reactions are one of the areas where the use of supercritical fluids is very attractive. In general, these reactions are diffusion-controlled and the use of supercritical fluids increases the reaction rate by eliminating the gas–liquid interface. In this chapter also, the interesting properties of operation under near-critical conditions are analyzed: higher solubility of reactants and products in the supercritical phase, reduced deposition of reacting components on the catalyst pores, diffusion coefficients higher than in liquids, independent control of the concentration of permanent gases like H2, O2, or CO in the reaction mixture, higher thermal capacity, and low interfacial tension The hydrogenation of low volatile liquids, using solid–fluid heterogeneous catalysts, is presented to show the advantages of working under supercritical conditions. In this case study, the selection of the process conditions that guarantees operation under a supercritical single-phase state is discussed as a typical phase equilibrium engineering problem. Finally, for reactions in which the SCF plays a role not only as solvent but also as a reactant, the problem of phase condition design and cosolvent selection is addressed.

Phase Equilibria, Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations

Author : Mats Hillert
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139465864
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibria, Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations by : Mats Hillert

Download or read book Phase Equilibria, Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations written by Mats Hillert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational tools allow material scientists to model and analyze increasingly complicated systems to appreciate material behavior. Accurate use and interpretation however, requires a strong understanding of the thermodynamic principles that underpin phase equilibrium, transformation and state. This fully revised and updated edition covers the fundamentals of thermodynamics, with a view to modern computer applications. The theoretical basis of chemical equilibria and chemical changes is covered with an emphasis on the properties of phase diagrams. Starting with the basic principles, discussion moves to systems involving multiple phases. New chapters cover irreversible thermodynamics, extremum principles, and the thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces. Theoretical descriptions of equilibrium conditions, the state of systems at equilibrium and the changes as equilibrium is reached, are all demonstrated graphically. With illustrative examples - many computer calculated - and worked examples, this textbook is an valuable resource for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in materials science and engineering.

Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures

Author : M. B. King
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483152413
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures by : M. B. King

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures written by M. B. King and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures deals with phase equilibrium and the methods of correlating, checking, and predicting phase data. Topics covered range from latent heat and vapor pressure to dilute solutions, ideal and near-ideal solutions, and consistency tests. Molecular considerations and their use for the prediction and correlation of data are also discussed. Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the role of thermodynamics and the criteria for equilibrium between phases, along with fugacity and the thermodynamic functions of mixing. The discussion then turns to some of the phase phenomena which may be encountered in chemical engineering practice; methods of correlating and extending vapor pressure data and practical techniques for calculating latent heats from these data; the behavior of dilute solutions both at low and high pressures for reacting and non-reacting systems; and the behavior of ideal and near-ideal solutions. The remaining chapters explore non-ideal solutions at normal pressures; practical methods for testing the thermodynamic consistency of phase data; and the extent to which the broad aspects of phase behavior may be interpreted in the light of simple molecular considerations. This book is intended primarily for graduate chemical engineers but should also be of interest to those graduates in physics or chemistry who need to use phase equilibrium data.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Alberto Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780443158575
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (585 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Alberto Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Alberto Brignole and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Equilibrium Engineering, Second Edition presents a systematic and fully updated study of the application of phase equilibrium tools to the development of chemical processes. The thermodynamic modeling of mixtures for process development, synthesis, simulation, design, and optimization are analyzed. This book changes the focus from the use of thermodynamics relationships to compute phase equilibria to the design and control of the phase conditions that a process needs. In this second edition, the authors have thoroughly updated all chapters with new sections and case studies and added new chapters relating to their expertise and newest experimental work in high pressure labs and modelling of behavior of complex mixtures. Traditionally, the teaching of phase equilibria emphasizes the relationships between the thermodynamic variables of each phase in equilibrium rather than its engineering applications. This book changes the focus from the use of thermodynamics relationships to compute phase equilibria to the design and control of the phase conditions that a process needs. The thermodynamic modeling of mixtures for process development, synthesis, simulation, design, and optimization is analyzed. The relation between the mixture molecular properties, the selection of the thermodynamic model and the process technology that could be applied are discussed. A classification of mixtures, separation process, thermodynamic models and technologies is presented to guide the engineer in the world of separation processes. The phase condition required for a given reacting system is studied at subcritical and supercritical conditions. The four cardinal points of phase equilibrium engineering are: the chemical plant or process, the laboratory, the modeling of phase equilibria and the simulator. The harmonization of all these components to obtain a better design or operation is the goal of phase equilibrium engineering.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Martín Cismondi
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082593
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Martín Cismondi

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Martín Cismondi and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter illustrates the wide variety of binary fluid phase equilibrium diagrams that can be obtained using models based on equations of state (EOS). It also highlights the need for paying attention to the predicted binary key lines, such as the critical and the liquid–liquid–vapor equilibrium lines, when fitting binary interaction parameters of an EOS model. In addition, efficient algorithms for the EOS-based automated computation of complete Univariant Lines Phase Equilibrium Diagrams and of complete restricted binary phase equilibrium diagrams, such as isoplethic, isothermal, or isobaric diagrams, are described.

Phase Diagrams and Heterogeneous Equilibria

Author : Bruno Predel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 366209276X
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Diagrams and Heterogeneous Equilibria by : Bruno Predel

Download or read book Phase Diagrams and Heterogeneous Equilibria written by Bruno Predel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced comprehensive textbook introduces the practical application of phase diagrams to the thermodynamics of materials consisting of several phases. It describes the fundamental physics and thermodynamics as well as experimental methods, treating all material classes: metals, glasses, ceramics, polymers, organic materials, aqueous solutions. With many application examples and realistic cases from chemistry and materials science, it is intended for students and researchers in chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, and materials science as well as in engineering and physics. The authors treat the nucleation of phase transitions, the production and stability of technologically important metastable phases, and metallic glasses. Also concisely presented are the thermodynamics and composition of polymer systems. This innovative text puts this powerful analytical approach into a readily understandable and practical context, perhaps for the first time.

Phase Equilibrium Engineering

Author : Esteban Brignole
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128082631
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibrium Engineering by : Esteban Brignole

Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, the problem of sustainability of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and the principles of green chemistry are outlined. In particular, the need for secure and environmentally safe solvents (ESSs) is pointed out. There are several ESS alternatives under study nowadays, like ionic liquids, polymeric solvents, and simple liquids like fatty esters; however, an increasing attention is being paid to supercritical fluids (SCFs) for a wide variety of applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical as well as in the materials and electronic industry. In the present chapter after an introduction to the fundamentals of SCF extraction, PEE principles are applied to several case studies of SCF—substrate mixtures of natural products with different types of phase behavior. Finally the application of SCF for supercritical micronization is reviewed and a case study is presented.

Phase Equilibria

Author : Andre Muhlbauer
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560325505
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Equilibria by : Andre Muhlbauer

Download or read book Phase Equilibria written by Andre Muhlbauer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book provides, for the first time, a thorough survey of the techniques and equipment for both high- and low-pressure phase equilibrium measurement and addresses the equally challenging task of accurately modeling or predicting the equilibria. The book is unique because it combines in depth and authoritative coverage of both experimental and theoretical procedures in a single volume. Written as a reference for practicing engineers and scientists in the chemical engineering field, this book will also be useful as an advanced graduate-level text.

Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions

Author : Arthur D. Pelton
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128016698
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions by : Arthur D. Pelton

Download or read book Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions written by Arthur D. Pelton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions provides readers with an understanding of thermodynamics and phase equilibria that is required to make full and efficient use of these tools. The book systematically discusses phase diagrams of all types, the thermodynamics behind them, their calculations from thermodynamic databases, and the structural models of solutions used in the development of these databases. Featuring examples from a wide range of systems including metals, salts, ceramics, refractories, and concentrated aqueous solutions, Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions is a vital resource for researchers and developers in materials science, metallurgy, combustion and energy, corrosion engineering, environmental engineering, geology, glass technology, nuclear engineering, and other fields of inorganic chemical and materials science and engineering. Additionally, experts involved in developing thermodynamic databases will find a comprehensive reference text of current solution models. Presents a rigorous and complete development of thermodynamics for readers who already have a basic understanding of chemical thermodynamics Provides an in-depth understanding of phase equilibria Includes information that can be used as a text for graduate courses on thermodynamics and phase diagrams, or on solution modeling Covers several types of phase diagrams (paraequilibrium, solidus projections, first-melting projections, Scheil diagrams, enthalpy diagrams), and more