Pest Management For The 21st Century

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Introduction to Integrated Pest Management

Author : M.L. Flint
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461592127
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Integrated Pest Management by : M.L. Flint

Download or read book Introduction to Integrated Pest Management written by M.L. Flint and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated control of pests was practiced early in this century, well before anyone thought to call it "integrated control" or, still later, "integrated pest management" (IPM), which is the subject of this book by Mary Louise Flint and the late Robert van den Bosch. USDA entomologists W. D. Hunter and B. R. Coad recommended the same principles in 1923, for example, for the control of boll weevil on cotton in the United States. In that program, selected pest-tolerant varieties of cotton and residue destruction were the primary means of control, with insecticides consid ered supplementary and to be used only when a measured incidence of weevil damage occurred. Likewise, plant pathologists had also developed disease management programs incorporating varietal selection and cul tural procedures, along with minimal use of the early fungicides, such as Bordeaux mixture. These and other methods were practiced well before modern chemical control technology had developed. Use of chemical pesticides expanded greatly in this century, at first slowly and then, following the launching of DDT as a broadly successful insecticide, with rapidly increasing momentum. In 1979, the President's Council on Environmental Quality reported that production of synthetic organic pesticides had increased from less than half a million pounds in 1951 to about 1.4 billion pounds-or about 3000 times as much-in 1977.

Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security

Author : Omkar Ph.D.
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128032669
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security by : Omkar Ph.D.

Download or read book Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security written by Omkar Ph.D. and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security explores the broad range of opportunity and challenges afforded by Integrated Pest Management systems. The book focuses on the insect resistance that has developed as a result of pest control chemicals, and how new methods of environmentally complementary pest control can be used to suppress harmful organisms while protecting the soil, plants, and air around them. As the world's population continues its rapid increase, this book addresses the production of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and other foods and their subsequent demand increase. Traditional means of food crop production face proven limitations and increasing research is turning to alternative means of crop growth and protection. - Addresses environmentally focused pest control with specific attention to its role in food security and sustainability. - Includes a range of pest management methods, from natural enemies to biomolecules. - Written by experts with extensive real-world experience.

Ecologically Based Pest Management

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030917578X
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecologically Based Pest Management by : National Research Council

Download or read book Ecologically Based Pest Management written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-21 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widespread use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides has revolutionized pest management. But there is growing concern about environmental contamination and human health risksâ€"and continuing frustration over the ability of pests to develop resistance to pesticides. In Ecologically Based Pest Management, an expert committee advocates the sweeping adoption of ecologically based pest management (EBPM) that promotes both agricultural productivity and a balanced ecosystem. This volume offers a vision and strategies for creating a solid, comprehensive knowledge base to support a pest management system that incorporates ecosystem processes supplemented by a continuum of inputsâ€"biological organisms, products, cultivars, and cultural controls. The result will be safe, profitable, and durable pest management strategies. The book evaluates the feasibility of EBPM and examines how best to move beyond optimal examples into the mainstream of agriculture. The committee stresses the need for information, identifies research priorities in the biological as well as socioeconomic realm, and suggests institutional structures for a multidisciplinary research effort. Ecologically Based Pest Management addresses risk assessment, risk management, and public oversight of EBPM. The volume also overviews the history of pest managementâ€"from the use of sulfur compounds in 1000 B.C. to the emergence of transgenic technology. Ecologically Based Pest Management will be vitally important to the agrichemical industry; policymakers, regulators, and scientists in agriculture and forestry; biologists, researchers, and environmental advocates; and interested growers.

Integrated Pest Management for Collections

Author : Suzanne Ryder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781909492837
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Pest Management for Collections by : Suzanne Ryder

Download or read book Integrated Pest Management for Collections written by Suzanne Ryder and published by . This book was released on 2022-02-08 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers and posters presented at the ICON conference A Pest Odyssey - The Next Generation is evidence that integrated pest management (IPM) has been adopted globally as the accepted strategy within the cultural heritage sector to mitigate the risk posed to our unique collections by damaging pests.

Biological Control

Author : Peter G. Mason
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN 13 : 1486309364
Total Pages : 822 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Control by : Peter G. Mason

Download or read book Biological Control written by Peter G. Mason and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Control: Global Impacts, Challenges and Future Directions of Pest Management provides a historical summary of organisms and main strategies used in biological control, as well as the key challenges confronting biological control in the 21st century. Biological control has been implemented for millennia, initially practised by growers moving beneficial species from one local area to another. Today, biological control has evolved into a formal science that provides ecosystem services to protect the environment and the resources used by humanity. With contributions from dedicated scientists and practitioners from around the world, this comprehensive book highlights important successes, failures and challenges in biological control efforts. It advocates that biological control must be viewed as a global endeavour and provides suggestions to move practices forward in a changing world. Biological Control is an invaluable resource for conservation specialists, pest management practitioners and those who research invasive species, as well as students studying pest management science.

Innovative Pest Management Approaches for the 21st Century

Author : Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811507945
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovative Pest Management Approaches for the 21st Century by : Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy

Download or read book Innovative Pest Management Approaches for the 21st Century written by Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches are available for managing pests of varied kinds, including individual and integrated methods for pest suppression. Recently the focus has shifted to pest management tools that act on insect systems selectively, are compatible with the environment, and are not harmful for ecosystems. Other approaches target specific biochemical and physiological aspects of insect metabolism, and involve biotechnological and genetic manipulation. Still other approaches include the use of nanotechnology, endophytes, optical and sonic manipulation to detect and control pest insects. Unfortunately, conventional forms of pest management do not focus on technology transfer to the ground level workers and farmers. As a result, farmers are incurring huge losses of crops and revenues. This book highlights the importance of using communication tools in pest management and demonstrates some success stories of utilizing automated unmanned technologies in this context. The content is divided into three sections, the first of which, “Pest Population Monitoring: Modern Tools,” covers long and short-range pest population monitoring techniques and tools such as satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, remote sensing, digital tools like GIS, GPS for mapping, lidar, mobile apps, software systems, artificial diet designs and functional diversity of info-chemicals. The second section of the book is devoted to “Emerging Areas in Pest Management” and offers a glimpse of diversified tactics that have been developed to contain and suppress pest populations such as endophytes, insect vectors of phytoplasma, Hymenopterans parasitoids, mass production and utilization of NPV etc. In turn, the third section focuses on “Integrated Pest Management” and presents farming situations that illustrate how research in diversified aspects has helped to find solutions to specific pest problems, and how some new and evolving tactics can be practically implemented. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for entomology and plant pathology researchers, students of zoology and plant protection, and readers whose work involves agriculture, horticulture, forestry and other ecosystems.

Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century

Author :
Publisher : National Academies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century by :

Download or read book Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1997-09-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensors, satellite photography, and multispectral imaging are associated with futuristic space and communications science. Increasingly, however, they are considered part of the future of agriculture. The use of advanced technologies for crop production is known as precision agriculture, and its rapid emergence means the potential for revolutionary change throughout the agricultural sector. Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century provides an overview of the specific technologies and practices under the umbrella of precision agriculture, exploring the full implications of their adoption by farmers and agricultural managers. The volume discusses how precision agriculture could dramatically affect decisionmaking in irrigation, crop selection, pest management, environmental issues, and pricing and market conditions. It also examines the geographical dimensions--farm, regional, national--of precision agriculture and looks at how quickly and how widely the agricultural community can be expected to adopt the new information technologies. Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century highlights both the uncertainties and the exciting possibilities of this emerging approach to farming. This book will be important to anyone concerned about the future of agriculture: policymakers, regulators, scientists, farmers, educators, students, and suppliers to the agricultural industry.

Public Health Significance of Urban Pests

Author : Xavier Bonnefoy
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9289071885
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Health Significance of Urban Pests by : Xavier Bonnefoy

Download or read book Public Health Significance of Urban Pests written by Xavier Bonnefoy and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favoured the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners now face the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, in which city suburbs are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics of the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect effects of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO invited international experts in various fields - pests, pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts identified the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. [Ed.]

Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases

Author : Ulrich Gisi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402088043
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases by : Ulrich Gisi

Download or read book Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases written by Ulrich Gisi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant disease management remains an important component of plant pathology and is more complex today than ever before including new innovation in diagnostic kits, the discovery of new modes of action of chemicals with low environmental impact, biological control agents with reliable and persistent activity, as well as the development of new plant varieties with durable disease resistance. This book is a collection of invited lectures given at the 9th International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP 2008), held in Torino, August 24-29, 2008 and is part of a series of volumes on Plant Pathology in the 21st Century. It focuses on new developments of disease management and provides an updated overview of the state of the art given by world experts in the different fields of disease management. The different chapters deal with basic aspects of disease management, mechanisms of action of biological control agents, innovation in fungicide application, exploitation of natural compounds and resistance strategies. Moreover, the management of soil-borne diseases and disease management in organic farming are covered.

The Preservation Management Handbook

Author : Ross Harvey
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538109026
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis The Preservation Management Handbook by : Ross Harvey

Download or read book The Preservation Management Handbook written by Ross Harvey and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preservation how-to for every medium. Cultural heritage professionals—museum curators, museum professionals, archivists, and librarians— use their specialized knowledge to prioritize the needs of their collections. Preservation managers and collections care specialists draw from experts in climate control, fire safety, pest management, and more in assessing a collection and its needs. And all the special materials within the collections have their experts too. This revised second edition contains a wide range of topic-specific expertise that comprises both an enduring text for preservation and collections care students, as well as an essential one-stop reference for cultural heritage professionals—particularly those in small- to medium sized organizations where resources are limited and professional help, is not always accessible. Chapter coverage includes: PART I: FUNDAMENTALS Chapter 1: Mapping the Preservation Landscape for the Twenty-first Century Chapter 2: Preservation Principles Chapter 3: Managing Preservation: Policy, Assessment, Planning Chapter 4: Security and Disaster Planning PART II: COLLECTIONS Chapter 5: Artifacts and Information Chapter 6: The Environment Chapter 7: Creating Preservation-friendly Objects PART III: MEDIA AND MATERIAL Chapter 8: Putting it all together – environment and storage quick reference guides Chapter 9: Paper Objects and Books Chapter 10: Photographic Materials Chapter 11: Digital Prints (A. Carver-Kubik) Chapter 12: Sound Materials Chapter 13: Moving Image Materials Chapter 14: Digital Storage Media and Files Chapter 15: Textiles Chapter 16: Paintings In addition to updated and expanded existing content, a new chapter on digital prints has been added to the Media and Material. Also new is Expanded information on disaster planning; A quick guide to good, better, and best preservation practices to help institutions strive to improve their own activities; A comparative terminology guide to assist in greater understanding between LAMs; and two quick references for temperature and relative humidity preferences for a wide range of collection materials. This comprehensive handbook is an invaluable reference.

Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops

Author : Ramon Albajes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306475855
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops by : Ramon Albajes

Download or read book Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops written by Ramon Albajes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), established in 1962, is an intergovernmental organization of 13 countries: Albania, Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. Four institutes (Bari, Italy; Chania, Greece; Montpellier, France; and Zaragoza, Spain) provide postgraduate education at the Master of Science level. CIHEAM promotes research networks on Mediterranean agricultural priorities, supports the organization of specialized education in member countries, holds seminars and workshops bringing together technologists and scientists involved in Mediterranean agriculture and regularly produces diverse publications including the series Options Méditerranéennes. Through these activities, CIHEAM promotes North/South dialogue and international co-operation for agricultural development in the Mediterranean region. Over the past decade, the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Zaragoza has developed a number of training and research-supporting activities in the field of agroecology and sustainability of agricultural production systems. Some of these activities have been concerned with the rational use of pesticides and more particularly with the implementation of integrated control systems in order to gain in efficacy and decrease both the environmental impact and the negative repercussions for the commercialization of agricultural products.

Integrated Pest Management

Author : D. P. Abrol
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845938089
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Pest Management by : D. P. Abrol

Download or read book Integrated Pest Management written by D. P. Abrol and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a critical evaluation of the management strategies involved in ecologically-based pest management, this book presents a balanced overview of environmentally safe and ecologically sound approaches. Topics covered include biological control with fungi and viruses, conservation of natural predators, use of botanicals and how effective pest management can help promote food security. In the broader context of agriculture, sustainability and environmental protection, the book provides a multidisciplinary and multinational perspective on integrated pest management useful to researchers in entomology, crop protection, environmental sciences and pest management.

The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172942
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.

Pesticides

Author : Graham Matthews
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405172983
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Pesticides by : Graham Matthews

Download or read book Pesticides written by Graham Matthews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last five decades pesticides have undoubtedly helped toincrease agricultural production and control vectors of disease,however the environmental impact of long term agro-chemical use hasbeen cause for concern along with the effects on human health. In Pesticides, Graham Matthews begins by looking at thedevelopmental history of pesticides, and how crop protection wasachieved before they were in use, how pesticides are registered foruse and what happens to pesticides in food and the environment.Pesticide application and operator safety is investigated and thefuture of pesticides in light of the development of geneticallymodified crops is explored. Provides commercially important information for theagro-chemical industry Addresses all aspects of public concern relating to humanhealth and the environment, including spray drift, bystander,resident and worker exposure Looks at the future of pesticides in light of the increasingprevalence of genetically modified crops Collecting together the most recent research in the area in asingle volume, this book is a vital resource for agriculturalscientists, agronomists, plant scientists, plant pathologists,entomologists, environmental scientists, public health personnel,toxicologists, crop protection personnel and all those involved inthe agrochemical industry and government pesticide registration andlegislation.

Insect Pests of Potato

Author : Andrei Alyokhin
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323984142
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect Pests of Potato by : Andrei Alyokhin

Download or read book Insect Pests of Potato written by Andrei Alyokhin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and updated second edition of Insect Pests of Potato now includes an opening section with a basic overview of agronomic and economic issues as they relate to potato production. It also features a new section that reviews potato production, as well as problems caused by insect pests and solutions to these problems, in all major potato-growing regions of the world. Further, a new section discusses theoretical foundations of potato pest management and includes chapters on ecological theory, evolutionary theory, and a case study on their applications to elucidate differences between Eastern and Western populations of Colorado potato beetle in North America. There is also a new chapter on the foundations of integrated pest management and their applications in controlling insect pests. The sections on the biology of main pests and on control methods now feature the latest information, including emphasis on recent advances in molecular biology and genomics. Information on the use of dsRNA technology for pest control is also included, as are new chapters on potato ladybirds and on hemipterous pests other than aphids and psyllids. This second edition provides improved integration and logical connections among chapters and expanded geographic scope of coverage making it the ideal reference on the topic. - Fully revised and updated with new sections on potato-growing regions and theoretical foundations of potato pest management using ecological theory, evolutionary theory and relevant case study insights - Contains improved integration and logical connections among chapters, expanded geographic scope of coverage, and scientific advances - Emphasizes recent advances in molecular biology and genomics, including the use of dsRNA technology for pest control

Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309148960
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-25 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 20 years, there has been a remarkable emergence of innovations and technological advances that are generating promising changes and opportunities for sustainable agriculture, yet at the same time the agricultural sector worldwide faces numerous daunting challenges. Not only is the agricultural sector expected to produce adequate food, fiber, and feed, and contribute to biofuels to meet the needs of a rising global population, it is expected to do so under increasingly scarce natural resources and climate change. Growing awareness of the unintended impacts associated with some agricultural production practices has led to heightened societal expectations for improved environmental, community, labor, and animal welfare standards in agriculture. Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century assesses the scientific evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of different production, marketing, and policy approaches for improving and reducing the costs and unintended consequences of agricultural production. It discusses the principles underlying farming systems and practices that could improve the sustainability. It also explores how those lessons learned could be applied to agriculture in different regional and international settings, with an emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa. By focusing on a systems approach to improving the sustainability of U.S. agriculture, this book can have a profound impact on the development and implementation of sustainable farming systems. Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century serves as a valuable resource for policy makers, farmers, experts in food production and agribusiness, and federal regulatory agencies.

Plant Diseases and Food Security in the 21st Century

Author : Peter Scott
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030578992
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Diseases and Food Security in the 21st Century by : Peter Scott

Download or read book Plant Diseases and Food Security in the 21st Century written by Peter Scott and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-22 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the global population of more than 7 billion people, some 800 million do not have enough to eat today. By 2050, the population is expected to exceed 9 billion. It has been estimated that some 15% of food production is lost to plant diseases; in developing countries losses may be much higher. Historically, plant diseases have had catastrophic impact on food production. For example: potato blight caused the Irish famine in 1845; brown spot of rice caused the Great Bengal Famine of 1943; southern corn leaf blight caused a devastating epidemic on the US corn crop in 1970. Food security is threatened by an ongoing sequence of plant diseases, some persistent for decades or centuries, others more opportunistic. Wheat blast and banana xanthomonas wilt are two contrasting examples of many that currently threaten food production. Other emerging diseases will follow. The proposed title aims to provide a synthesis of expert knowledge to address this central challenge to food security for the 21st century. Chapters [5] and [11] are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.