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Performance Study Of Two Stage To Orbit Reusable Launch Vehicle Propulsion Alternatives
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Book Synopsis Performance Study of Two-Stage-to-Orbit Reusable Launch Vehicle Propulsion Alternatives by : Marc A. Brock
Download or read book Performance Study of Two-Stage-to-Orbit Reusable Launch Vehicle Propulsion Alternatives written by Marc A. Brock and published by . This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the performance of five Two-Stage-To-Orbit reusable launch vehicles (RLV), with stages propelled by rocket engines, turbojet engines and Rocket Based Combined Cycle (RBCC) engines. Horizontal versus vertical takeoff launch and direct versus lifting ascent trajectories were also studied. A method was conceived using a 3 degree of freedom optimization program, stage inert mass fractions, and a fixed gross takeoff weight (GTOW) of 1,000,000 lbf to determine each RLVs performance based on payload weight delivered to orbit and total vehicle inert weight. RLV trajectory constraints, mass fractions, engine performance, and aerodynamics were assumed from literature of similar RLVs or data provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The method devised accurately predicted performance for all RLVs studied, but was time intensive and intolerant of small trajectory modifications. A horizontal takeoff RLV with the 1st stage powered by turbojet engines and the 2nd stage propelled by a rocket engine, in a lifting ascent trajectory, provided 3 times the payload weight to orbit when compared to the same vehicle in a vertical takeoff mode. The RLV with both stages propelled by rocket engines lifted more payload weight into orbit with a lower inert weight than all other RLVs studied. RLVs propelled by RBCC engines, on a direct ascent trajectory, had insufficient fuel to reach orbit because of the high inert weight of the RBCC engines.
Book Synopsis Reusable Booster System by : National Research Council
Download or read book Reusable Booster System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On June 15, 2011, the Air Force Space Command established a new vision, mission, and set of goals to ensure continued U.S. dominance in space and cyberspace mission areas. Subsequently, and in coordination with the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Space and Missile Systems Center, and the 14th and 24th Air Forces, the Air Force Space Command identified four long-term science and technology (S&T) challenges critical to meeting these goals. One of these challenges is to provide full-spectrum launch capability at dramatically lower cost, and a reusable booster system (RBS) has been proposed as an approach to meet this challenge. The Air Force Space Command asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to conduct an independent review and assessment of the RBS concept prior to considering a continuation of RBS-related activities within the Air Force Research Laboratory portfolio and before initiating a more extensive RBS development program. The committee for the Reusable Booster System: Review and Assessment was formed in response to that request and charged with reviewing and assessing the criteria and assumptions used in the current RBS plans, the cost model methodologies used to fame [frame?] the RBS business case, and the technical maturity and development plans of key elements critical to RBS implementation. The committee consisted of experts not connected with current RBS activities who have significant expertise in launch vehicle design and operation, research and technology development and implementation, space system operations, and cost analysis. The committee solicited and received input on the Air Force launch requirements, the baseline RBS concept, cost models and assessment, and technology readiness. The committee also received input from industry associated with RBS concept, industry independent of the RBS concept, and propulsion system providers which is summarized in Reusable Booster System: Review and Assessment.
Book Synopsis Reusable Launch Vehicle by : National Research Council
Download or read book Reusable Launch Vehicle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-01-08 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key to opening the use of space to private enterprise and to broader public uses lies in reducing the cost of the transportation to space. More routine, affordable access to space will entail aircraft-like quick turnaround and reliable operations. Currently, the space Shuttle is the only reusable launch vehicle, and even parts of it are expendable while other parts require frequent and extensive refurbishment. NASA's highest priority new activity, the Reusable Launch Vehicle program, is directed toward developing technologies to enable a new generation of space launchers, perhaps but not necessarily with single stage to orbit capability. This book assesses whether the technology development, test and analysis programs in propulsion and materials-related technologies are properly constituted to provide the information required to support a December 1996 decision to build the X-33, a technology demonstrator vehicle; and suggest, as appropriate, necessary changes in these programs to ensure that they will support vehicle feasibility goals.
Book Synopsis Weight Analysis of Two-stage-to-orbit Reusable Launch Vehicles for Military Applications by : Richard A. Caldwell
Download or read book Weight Analysis of Two-stage-to-orbit Reusable Launch Vehicles for Military Applications written by Richard A. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Concepts of Operations for a Reusable Launch Vehicle by : Michael A. Rampino
Download or read book Concepts of Operations for a Reusable Launch Vehicle written by Michael A. Rampino and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is embarked on a journey toward maturity as a spacefaring nation. One key step along the way is development of a reusable launch vehicle (RLV). The most recent National Space Transportation Policy (August 1994) assigned improvement and evolution of current expendable launch vehicles to the Department of Defense while National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA) is responsible for working with industry on demonstrating RLV technology. The purpose of this study is to help ensure the US military, especially the USAF, is prepared to take advantage of RLVs should the NASA-led effort to develop an RLV demonstrator prove successful. The focus of this study is an explanation of how the US military could use RLVs, by describing and analyzing two concepts of operations. Four major conclusions resulted from the analysis. First, RLVs have military potential. They can perform a variety of missions including responsive spacelift, reconnaissance, and strike. However, the economic feasibility of using RLVs for earth-to-earth transportation is questionable. Second, design choices for an operational RLV will have effects on risk, cost, capability, and operations efficiency. Trade-offs will have to be made between NASA, commercial, and military requirements if all three parties are to use the same fleet of RLVs. Third, increased investment in propulsion technology development is warranted to ensure success. Fourth, the top priority for the RLV program, even from the military's perspective, should remain cheap and responsive access to space. The research led to three recommendations. First, the US military should become a more active participant in the RLV program to ensure its requirements are defined and incorporated. Second, America should not pursue development of operational RLVs before the technology is ready.
Book Synopsis Comparative Analysis of Two-stage-to-orbit Rocket and Airbreathing Reusable Launch Vehicles for Military Applications by : Joseph M. Hank
Download or read book Comparative Analysis of Two-stage-to-orbit Rocket and Airbreathing Reusable Launch Vehicles for Military Applications written by Joseph M. Hank and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the National Aerospace Initiative by : National Research Council
Download or read book Evaluation of the National Aerospace Initiative written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-16 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Aerospace Initiative (NAI) was conceived as a joint effort between the Department of Defense (DOD) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to sustain the aerospace leadership of the United States through the acceleration of selected aerospace technologies: hypersonic flight, access to space, and space technologies. The Air Force became concerned about the NAI's possible consequences on Air Force programs and budget if NAI program decisions differed from Air Force priorities. To examine this issue, it asked the NRC for an independent review of the NAI. This report presents the results of that assessment. It focuses on three questions asked by the Air Force: is NAI technically feasible in the time frame laid out; is it financially feasible over that period; and is it operationally relevant.
Book Synopsis Highly Operable Propulsion for Reusable Launch Vehicle Applications by : Michael Marlow
Download or read book Highly Operable Propulsion for Reusable Launch Vehicle Applications written by Michael Marlow and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide variety of reusable launch vehicle concepts for placing various payloads into low earth orbit are currently being evaluated for potential civil, commercial and military applications. This recent interest is being driven by a desire to achieve reduced payload launch costs and, in some cases, very rapid response capability. In most of these cases, the general requirements of the main propulsion system are similar: a high level of operational availability with minimal operational support activity. Consequently, evaluation of traditional expendable rocket engines as candidates for reusable applications has begun, with an emphasis on understanding whether or not a given engine's operating characteristics are inherently more reusable than another. In support of a planned program to demonstrate a low cost, rapid response reusable launch vehicle, several existing rocket engines were evaluated for feasibility to meet the requirements of a sub-scale reusable launch vehicle demonstrator. Critical propulsion characteristics were defined based on the demonstration objectives of the overall program. Potential candidate engines were selected and then evaluated against these critical propulsion characteristics, and a comparative assessment of each engine's ability to satisfy each critical characteristic was generated. Finally, a reference engine was designated along with a reference demonstrator vehicle concept. This vehicle concept was evaluated for its feasibility to satisty the reusable launch vehicle demonstrator program objectives, and determined to meet the stated goals with residual capability for possible later applications.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781720610045 Total Pages :40 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis Launch Condition Deviations of Reusable Launch Vehicle Simulations in Exo-Atmospheric Zoom Climbs by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Launch Condition Deviations of Reusable Launch Vehicle Simulations in Exo-Atmospheric Zoom Climbs written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has proposed a two-stage system to deliver a small payload to orbit. The proposal calls for an airplane to perform an exo-atmospheric zoom climb maneuver, from which a second-stage rocket is launched carrying the payload into orbit. The NASA Dryden Flight Research Center has conducted an in-house generic simulation study to determine how accurately a human-piloted airplane can deliver a second-stage rocket to a desired exo-atmospheric launch condition. A high-performance, fighter-type, fixed-base, real-time, pilot-in-the-loop airplane simulation has been modified to perform exo-atmospheric zoom climb maneuvers. Four research pilots tracked a reference trajectory in the presence of winds, initial offsets, and degraded engine thrust to a second-stage launch condition. These launch conditions have been compared to the reference launch condition to characterize the expected deviation. At each launch condition, a speed change was applied to the second-stage rocket to insert the payload onto a transfer orbit to the desired operational orbit. The most sensitive of the test cases was the degraded thrust case, yielding second-stage launch energies that were too low to achieve the radius of the desired operational orbit. The handling qualities of the airplane, as a first-stage vehicle, have also been investigated.Urschel, Peter H. and Cox, Timothy H.Armstrong Flight Research CenterAEROMANEUVERING; CLIMBING FLIGHT; REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES; TRANSFER ORBITS; PAYLOAD TRANSFER; SIMULATION; TRAJECTORIES; CONTROLLABILITY
Book Synopsis From Earth to Orbit by : National Research Council
Download or read book From Earth to Orbit written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the United States hopes to continue as a leader in space, it must invest now in better earth-to-orbit technology by replacing obsolete launch facilities while also developing a new class of more robust and reliable vehicles. From Earth to Orbit provides strategies to reduce launch costs while increasing the reliability and resiliency of vehicles. It also recommends continued improvements for the Space Shuttle Orbiter and its subsystems and the development of a Space Transportation Main Engine (STME).
Book Synopsis Reusable Launch System by : Fouad Sabry
Download or read book Reusable Launch System written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2022-08-03 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Reusable Launch System When transporting payloads from Earth's surface into outer space, a reusable launch vehicle has pieces that may be retrieved and used again in subsequent launches. The stages of the rocket are the most frequent component of the launch vehicle that is intended for reuse. There is also the possibility of reusing smaller components, like as rocket engines and boosters, however it is possible for reusable spacecraft to be launched atop an expendable launch vehicle. The production of these components is not required for reusable launch vehicles, which results in a considerable reduction in the overall cost of the launch. The expense of recovery and restoration, on the other hand, will reduce the value of these advantages. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Reusable launch system Chapter 2: Space Shuttle Chapter 3: Single-stage-to-orbit Chapter 4: Spacecraft Chapter 5: Space Shuttle program Chapter 6: Human spaceflight programs Chapter 7: Booster (rocketry) Chapter 8: Spaceplane Chapter 9: Space vehicle Chapter 10: Boeing X-37 Chapter 11: Dream Chaser Chapter 12: Launch vehicle Chapter 13: List of crewed spacecraft Chapter 14: Falcon 9 Chapter 15: Buran (spacecraft) Chapter 16: VTVL Chapter 17: Falcon Heavy Chapter 18: Takeoff and landing Chapter 19: SpaceX reusable launch system development program Chapter 20: XS-1 (spacecraft) Chapter 21: Super heavy-lift launch vehicle (II) Answering the public top questions about reusable launch system. (III) Real world examples for the usage of reusable launch system in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of reusable launch system' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of reusable launch system.
Book Synopsis A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs by : National Research Council
Download or read book A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rocket and air-breathing propulsion systems are the foundation on which planning for future aerospace systems rests. A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs assesses the existing technical base in these areas and examines the future Air Force capabilities the base will be expected to support. This report also defines gaps and recommends where future warfighter capabilities not yet fully defined could be met by current science and technology development plans.
Book Synopsis Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Launch Vehicle Operations by : John Garvey
Download or read book Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Launch Vehicle Operations written by John Garvey and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report developed under SBIR contract for topic AF05-201. The increased use of reusable systems continues to be one of the most promising options for creating advancements in the daily maintenance of rocket systems, lowering hours for preparation and diminishing expenses for preparation. However, since the end of the DC-X/XA Delta Clipper program, flight testing of candidate reusable launch vehicle (RLV) designs, technologies and operations has come to a halt. This project addressed this situation through the development and flight testing during Phase I of an early prototype RLV that could ultimately evolve into the first stage of an operational nanosat launch vehicle (NLV). This LOX/ethanol-propellant vehicle -the Prospector 7 -took flight twice within a 3.5 hour period after less than a day of pre-launch field preparations, thereby establishing a new reference metric for RLV-type responsive, fast turn-around launch operations. Besides serving as an operational pathfinder, this RLV test bed also manifested several academic payloads in support of a related goal of assessing candidate nanosat-class payload accommodations. In a solid demonstration of the commercial potential for this kind of capability, the Prospector 7 itself has already been assigned to non-SBIR follow-on flight test activities.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis A New Rocket-Based Combined Cycle for Reusable Launch Vehicles by :
Download or read book A New Rocket-Based Combined Cycle for Reusable Launch Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MSE Technology Applications, Inc., in cooperation with United Technologies Research Center and HyperTech Concepts Company, proposes to develop combined propulsion technology for a small reusable launch vehicle (RLV) known as the KLIN Cycle, which consists of a thermally integrated deeply cooled turbojet and a liquid rocket engine. The objective of this concept is to achieve a high pressure ratio in a simple, lightweight turbojet engine. The proven result is an exceptional engine thrust to weight ratio, as well as improved lsp and mass fraction of the launcher. For a heavy launcher, the KLIN Cycle promises RLV gross takeoff weight reduction by a factor of two with additional prospects of lower dry weight. When based on the RL10 engine family, the KLIN Cycle makes a small single stage to orbit and two stage to orbit RLV feasible and very economically attractive. The benefit of the KLIN Cycle to the U.S. Air Force is a low life cycle cost combined propulsion system for a space plane that can double existing rocket propulsion capabilities by the year 2010. The details of this proposed technology are presented in the report.
Book Synopsis Basic Research and Technologies for Two-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicles by : Dieter Jacob
Download or read book Basic Research and Technologies for Two-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicles written by Dieter Jacob and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on basic aspects of future reusable space transportation systems and covering overall design, aerodynamics, thermodynamics, flight dynamics, propulsion, materials, and structures, this report presents some of the most recent results obtained in these disciplines. The authors are members of three Collaborative Research Centers in Aachen, Munich and Stuttgart concerned with hypersonic vehicles. A major part of the research presented here deals with experimental and numerical aerodynamic topics ranging from low speed to hypersonic flow past the external configuration and through inlet and nozzle. Mathematicians and engineers jointly worked on aspects of flight mechanics like trajectory optimization, stability, control and flying qualities. Structural research and development was predominantly coupled to the needs for high temperature resistant structures for space vehicles.
Book Synopsis Rocket Propulsion Technology Impact on TSTO Launch System Cost by :
Download or read book Rocket Propulsion Technology Impact on TSTO Launch System Cost written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The benefits of advanced liquid rocket propulsion technology are evaluated for two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) reusable launch systems. Life cycle cost (LCC) is used as a figure-of-merit and is driven by high launch rate requirements. This paper reports the methods and results of that study. The reported analysis focused on chemical rocket propulsion using either hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels, and oxygen or high purity hydrogen peroxide as oxidizers. Results indicate that advanced rocket propulsion can cut life cycle costs in half and recurring costs (cost for additional flights) by a factor of three. The most important propulsion parameter to be improved for this class of vehicle is the reusability of the rocket engines, with performance improvements a distant second. Additionally, a TSTO vehicle using liquid oxygen and hydrocarbon propellants in both stages has the lowest LCC. Results were relatively insensitive to engine reliability and cost.
